[Bladder injury. Diagnostics and treatment]

[Diagnosis and treatment of lower urinary tract trauma]

Injuries of the lower urinary tract occur in patients with multiple injuries and trauma to the lower abdominal and pelvic region. Injuries of the male urethra including complete ruptures occur in 10% of pelvic fractures in males, while they are a rarity in females. Ruptures of the urinary bladder are either intra- or extraperitoneal. Ureteral injuries are relatively rare in blunt injuries and usually become manifest with infectious symptoms with a delay of days. Intraperitoneal ruptures of the urinary bladder always require urgent surgical repair while extraperitoneal ruptures can mostly be managed conservatively with catheter drainage of the bladder. In male patients with pelvic fractures any attempt of urethral catheterization which can otherwise make an urethral injury worse should be withheld until adequate urological examinations have led to the diagnosis or exclusion of urethral injury. The definitive surgical repair of a disruption of the male urethra should be undertaken with an interval of weeks to months. Long term sequelae of male urethral injury can be impotence and chronic stricture disease.