Klippel-Trenaunay-Syndrom

Severe hematuria due to vesical varices in a patient with portal hypertension: A case report

BACKGROUND

Hematuria is one of the most common clinical symptoms for urologists and is typically observed in urinary system tumors, prostate hyperplasia, and urinary stone disease. Hematuria due to vesical varices is very rare, and only a few cases have been reported since 1989. We report the first case of vesical varices due to portal hypertension with aberrant development and functioning of the genitourinary system along with the complete diagnosis and treatment process.

CASE SUMMARY

This patient was a 53-year-old man with a history of aberrant development of the genitourinary system and hepatitis B-associated cirrhosis. He was admitted to the emergency department with severe hematuria and bladder clot tamponade. Many abnormally dilated blood vessels were found surrounding the bladder in the pelvis by color Doppler ultrasound, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and three-dimensional visualization technology. It was difficult to perform transurethral cystoscopy and hemostasis in this patient, so we performed open surgical bladder exploration for hemostasis and surgical devascularization around the bladder.

CONCLUSION

Urologists should improve the understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of vesical varices. This case may be presented as a reference for the diagnosis and management of severe hematuria due to vesical varices.

Vesical varices causing gross hematuria in a four-year-old girl

Primary vesical varices are rare. We report a case of a 4-year-old girl who presented with recurrent gross hematuria secondary to primary vesical varices. Ultrasonography, enhanced computed tomography, and voiding cystourethrogram revealed a solid mass in the right wall of the bladder. Cystoscopy revealed a group of dilated submucosal veins and a red mass. The mass was ablated, and the histopathologic examination demonstrated varices of the bladder. Observation of the patient for 6 months postoperatively showed no recurrence of the hematuria.