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Bausch K, Wetterauer C, Diethelm J, Ebbing J, Boll DT, Dill P, Rentsch CA, Seifert HH. Enhancing disease awareness for tuberous sclerosis complex in patients with radiologic diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma: an observational study. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:47. [PMID: 33517888 PMCID: PMC7849137 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder, with renal manifestations like angiomyolipoma (AML) occurring in 70–80% of patients. AML usually cause more complications in TCS patients than in non-TSC patients. However, AML patients are not routinely investigated for TSC. Our aim was to retrospectively assess the correlation between radiologically diagnosed AML and TSC. Methods All patients were stratified into AML related vs. unrelated to TSC. Correlations were calculated to determine the association between age, AML, and TSC. Results Complete data were available for 521 patients with renal AML, in 7 of which the concurrent diagnosis of TSC was found. Younger age significantly positively correlated with the prevalence of TSC in AML patients (p < 0.01). 37 (7%) of the 521 patients were within the age-range of 18–40 years, in which TSC occurred in 6 cases, 4 (66.7%) of which presented with multiple, bilateral renal AML (p < 0.05), and 2 (33.3%) of which with a single, unilateral AML (p < 0.05). In patients with AML but without TSC, unilateral AML was found in 83.9% and bilateral AML in 16.1% (p < 0.05). Simple binary logistic regression analysis revealed bilateral AML (OR 33.0; 95% CI 3.2–344.0; p = 0.003) (but not unilateral AML (OR 0.09; 95% CI 0.01–0.88; p = 0.04)) to be a risk factor for TSC. Conclusions The presence of bilateral AML in patients within the age-range of 18–40 years should raise suspicion for TSC as the underlying cause. Therefore, our advice is to refer patients with multiple bilateral renal AML for further investigations regarding TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Bausch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Wetterauer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julian Diethelm
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Ebbing
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel T Boll
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Dill
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University Childrens' Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cyrill A Rentsch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-H Seifert
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Pandemics are relevant for many fields of medicine from microbiology to economics and epidemiology. Many medical specialties which developed during the 19th century, e. g., urology, have had much impact on diagnostics and therapy, such as during the treatment of tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases. For some of them, including urology, treatment of, for example, sexually transmitted diseases, was constitutional and differed between countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Moll
- Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Centre for Health and Society, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
- Museum, Bibliothek und Archiv zur Geschichte der Urologie, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Urologie e. V., Düsseldorf, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Urologischer Arbeitsplatz Krankenhaus Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln GmbH, Neufelder Straße 32, 51067, Köln, Deutschland.
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