1
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Liu F, Zhao P, Chen G, Wang Y, Yang Y. A comparative analysis of small RNA sequencing data in tubers of purple potato and its red mutant reveals small RNA regulation in anthocyanin biosynthesis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15349. [PMID: 37223121 PMCID: PMC10202107 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of natural pigments acting as stress protectants induced by biotic/abiotic stress in plants. Although the metabolic pathway of anthocyanin has been studied in potato, the roles of miRNAs on the metabolic pathway remain unclear. In this study, a purple tetraploid potato of SD92 and its red mutant of SD140 were selected to explore the regulation mechanism of miRNA in anthocyanin biosynthesis. A comparative analysis of small RNAs between SD92 and SD140 revealed that there were 179 differentially expressed miRNAs, including 65 up- and 114 down-regulated miRNAs. Furthermore, 31 differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted to potentially regulate 305 target genes. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for these target genes showed that plant hormone signal transduction pathway and plant-pathogen interaction pathway were significantly enriched. The correlation analysis of miRNA sequencing data and transcriptome data showed that there were 140 negative regulatory miRNA-mRNA pairs. The miRNAs included miR171 family, miR172 family, miR530b_4 and novel_mir170. The mRNAs encoded transcription factors, hormone response factors and protein kinases. All these results indicated that miRNAs might regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis through transcription factors, hormone response factors and protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guangxia Chen
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanjun Yang
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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2
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Wu X, Chen B, Xiao J, Guo H. Different doses of UV-B radiation affect pigmented potatoes' growth and quality during the whole growth period. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1101172. [PMID: 36818873 PMCID: PMC9929570 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION UltraViolet- Biological (UV-B) plays an important role in plant growth and the formation of nutrients, especially secondary metabolites. METHODS To investigate the phenotypic changes, physiological responses, and internal genes expression of potatoes under enhanced UV-B radiation, two Yunnan native pigmented potatoes varieties named "Huaxinyangyu" and "Jianchuanhong" were exposed to different UV-B doses during whole growth duration. RESULTS Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that the agronomic characters (i.e. plant height, pitch, stem diameter, and root shoot ratio) of plants treated with low dose ultraviolet (T1) did not change significantly compared with the absence of ultraviolet radiation (CK), even unit yield increased slightly; Similarly, under low UV-B radiation, photosynthetic and physiological parameters (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, respiration rate, and transpiration rate) of leaves were significantly increased. In addition, low-dose UV-B treatment promoted the synthesis of tuber nutrients (e.g. phenols, chlorogenic acids, flavonoids, vitamin C, anthocyanins) and increased the expression of structural genes for anthocyanin synthesis. The number of nutrients and gene expression in tubers raised by the "Huaxinyangyu" was the highest at 84 days, and "Jianchuanhong" was the highest at 72 days. However, the higher dose of UV-B radiation (T2) will cause greater damage to the pigmented potatoes plants, making the plants reduce the yield, and significantly reduce the tuber nutrients. DISCUSSION This study showed that proper ultraviolet radiation will not harm pigmented potatoes, but also improve their oxidative stress tolerance, increase the structure genes expression of anthocyanins and continuously synthesize beneficial substances to improve the yield and quality of potato tubers.
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Riveros-Loaiza LM, Benhur-Cardona N, Lopez-Kleine L, Soto-Sedano JC, Pinzón AM, Mosquera-Vásquez T, Roda F. Uncovering anthocyanin diversity in potato landraces (Solanum tuberosum L. Phureja) using RNA-seq. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273982. [PMID: 36136976 PMCID: PMC9498938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third largest source of antioxidants in the human diet, after maize and tomato. Potato landraces have particularly diverse contents of antioxidant compounds such as anthocyanins. We used this diversity to study the evolutionary and genetic basis of anthocyanin pigmentation. Specifically, we analyzed the transcriptomes and anthocyanin content of tubers from 37 landraces with different colorations. We conducted analyses of differential expression between potatoes with different colorations and used weighted correlation network analysis to identify genes whose expression is correlated to anthocyanin content across landraces. A very significant fraction of the genes identified in these two analyses had annotations related to the flavonoid-anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, including 18 enzymes and 5 transcription factors. Importantly, the causal genes at the D, P and R loci governing anthocyanin accumulation in potato cultivars also showed correlations to anthocyanin production in the landraces studied here. Furthermore, we found that 60% of the genes identified in our study were located within anthocyanin QTLs. Finally, we identified new candidate enzymes and transcription factors that could have driven the diversification of anthocyanins. Our results indicate that many anthocyanins biosynthetic genes were manipulated in ancestral potato breeding and can be used in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Riveros-Loaiza
- Área Curricular de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
- Max Planck Tandem Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolás Benhur-Cardona
- Departamento de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Liliana Lopez-Kleine
- Departamento de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Johana Carolina Soto-Sedano
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Teresa Mosquera-Vásquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Federico Roda
- Max Planck Tandem Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Achakkagari SR, Kyriakidou M, Gardner KM, De Koeyer D, De Jong H, Strömvik MV, Tai HH. Genome sequencing of adapted diploid potato clones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:954933. [PMID: 36003817 PMCID: PMC9394749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.954933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated potato is a vegetatively propagated crop, and most varieties are autotetraploid with high levels of heterozygosity. Reducing the ploidy and breeding potato at the diploid level can increase efficiency for genetic improvement including greater ease of introgression of diploid wild relatives and more efficient use of genomics and markers in selection. More recently, selfing of diploids for generation of inbred lines for F1 hybrid breeding has had a lot of attention in potato. The current study provides genomics resources for nine legacy non-inbred adapted diploid potato clones developed at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. De novo genome sequence assembly using 10× Genomics and Illumina sequencing technologies show the genome sizes ranged from 712 to 948 Mbp. Structural variation was identified by comparison to two references, the potato DMv6.1 genome and the phased RHv3 genome, and a k-mer based analysis of sequence reads showed the genome heterozygosity range of 1 to 9.04% between clones. A genome-wide approach was taken to scan 5 Mb bins to visualize patterns of heterozygous deleterious alleles. These were found dispersed throughout the genome including regions overlapping segregation distortions. Novel variants of the StCDF1 gene conferring earliness of tuberization were found among these clones, which all produce tubers under long days. The genomes will be useful tools for genome design for potato breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Kyriakidou
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Kyle M. Gardner
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - David De Koeyer
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Hielke De Jong
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Martina V. Strömvik
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Helen H. Tai
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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5
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Pandey J, Scheuring DC, Koym JW, Vales MI. Genomic regions associated with tuber traits in tetraploid potatoes and identification of superior clones for breeding purposes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952263. [PMID: 35937326 PMCID: PMC9354404 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In potato breeding, morphological tuber traits are important selection targets to meet the demands of the fresh and processing markets. Understanding the genetic basis of tuber traits should guide selection and improve breeding efficiencies. However, this is challenging in potato due to the complexity of the traits and the polyploid nature of the potato genome. High-throughput affordable molecular markers and new software specific for polyploid species have the potential to unlock previously unattainable levels of understanding of the genetic basis of tuber traits in tetraploid potato. In this study, we genotyped a diversity panel of 214 advanced clones with the 22 K SNP potato array and phenotyped it in three field environments in Texas. We conducted a genome-wide association study using the GWASpoly software package to identify genomic regions associated with tuber morphological traits. Some of the QTLs discovered confirmed prior studies, whereas others were discovered for the first time. The main QTL for tuber shape was detected on chromosome 10 and explained 5.8% of the phenotypic variance. GWAS analysis of eye depth detected a significant QTL on chromosome 10 and explained 3.9% of the phenotypic variance. Another QTL peak for eye depth on chromosome 5 was located near the CDF1 gene, an important regulator of maturity in potato. Our study found that multiple QTLs govern russeting in potato. A major QTL for flesh color on chromosome 3 that explained 26% of the phenotypic variance likely represents the Y locus responsible for yellow flesh in potato tubers. Several QTLs were detected for purple skin color on chromosome 11. Furthermore, genomic estimated breeding values were obtained, which will aid in the early identification of superior parental clones that should increase the chances of producing progenies with higher frequencies of the desired tuber traits. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis of morphological traits in potato, as well as to identifying parents with the best breeding values to improve selection efficiency in our potato breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeewan Pandey
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Douglas C. Scheuring
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Koym
- Texas A&M University AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - M. Isabel Vales
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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6
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Li D, Lu X, Zhu Y, Pan J, Zhou S, Zhang X, Zhu G, Shang Y, Huang S, Zhang C. The multi-omics basis of potato heterosis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:671-687. [PMID: 34963038 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heterosis is a fundamental biological phenomenon characterized by the superior performance of hybrids over their parents. Although tremendous progress has been reported in seed crops, the molecular mechanisms underlying heterosis in clonally propagated crops are largely unknown. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the most important tuber crop and an ongoing revolution is transforming potato from a clonally propagated tetraploid crop into a seed-propagated diploid hybrid potato. In our previous study, we developed the first generation of highly homozygous inbred lines of potato and hybrids with strong heterosis. Here, we integrated transcriptome, metabolome, and DNA methylation data to explore the genetic and molecular basis of potato heterosis at three developmental stages. We found that the initial establishment of heterosis in diploid potato was mainly due to dominant complementation. Flower color, male fertility, and starch and sucrose metabolism showed obvious gene dominant complementation in hybrids, and hybrids devoted more energy to primary metabolism for rapid growth. In addition, we identified ~2 700 allele-specific expression genes at each stage, which likely function in potato heterosis and might be regulated by CHH allele-specific methylation level. Our multi-omics analysis provides insight into heterosis in potato and facilitates the exploitation of heterosis in potato breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Synthetic Biology Center, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Xiaoyue Lu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, The AGISCAAS-YNNU Joint Academy of Potato Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yanhui Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Synthetic Biology Center, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Synthetic Biology Center, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Shaoqun Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Synthetic Biology Center, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Synthetic Biology Center, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Guangtao Zhu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, The AGISCAAS-YNNU Joint Academy of Potato Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yi Shang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, The AGISCAAS-YNNU Joint Academy of Potato Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Synthetic Biology Center, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Chunzhi Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Synthetic Biology Center, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518172, China
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7
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Yu T, Han G, Luan Z, Zhu C, Zhao J, Sheng Y. Functional Analysis of Genes GlaDFR1 and GlaDFR2 Encoding Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase (DFR) in Gentiana lutea L. Var. Aurantiaca (M. Laínz) M. Laínz. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1382604. [PMID: 35047628 PMCID: PMC8763498 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1382604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are important pigments for flower color, determining the ornamental and economic values of horticultural plants. As a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) catalyzes the reduction of dihydroflavonols to generate the precursors for anthocyanidins (i.e., leucoanthocyanidins) and anthocyanins. To investigate the functions of DFRs in plants, we cloned the GlaDFR1 and GlaDFR2 genes from the petals of Gentiana lutea var. aurantiaca and transformed both genes into Nicotiana tabacum by Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc method. We further investigated the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of T1 generation transgenic tobacco plants selected based on the hygromycin resistance and verified by both PCR and semiquantitative real-time PCR analyses. The phenotypic segregation was observed in the flower color of the transgenic tobacco plants, showing petals darker than those in the wild-type (WT) plants. Results of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the contents of gentiocyanin derivatives were decreased in the petals of transgenic plants in comparison to those of WT plants. Ours results revealed the molecular functions of GlaDFR1 and GlaDFR2 in the formation of coloration, providing solid theoretical foundation and candidate genes for further genetic improvement in flower color of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Guojun Han
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Zhihui Luan
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Changfu Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Yanmin Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130031, China
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8
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Yi D, Zhang H, Lai B, Liu L, Pan X, Ma Z, Wang Y, Xie J, Shi S, Wei Y. Integrative Analysis of the Coloring Mechanism of Red Longan Pericarp through Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1806-1815. [PMID: 33332135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The pericarp of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is rich in secondary metabolites and typically yellow-brown or gray-yellow in appearance. Here, we obtained a specific longan type, called red pericarp (RP) longan, which has a strong red pericarp. To understand the coloring mechanism of RP longan, metabolome and transcriptome data were used to analyze its secondary metabolites and molecular mechanism. From the results of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, 597 substances were identified in RP longan and 'Shixia' (SX) longan. Among these substances, 33 (mostly including flavonoids) were found in RP longan and 23 (mostly containing phenolic acids) were identified in SX longan. We identified five types of anthocyanins in longan pericarp, including three cyanidin derivatives, one delphinidin derivative, and one pelargonidin derivative. Three cyanidin derivatives, which contained cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-6″-malonyl-glucoside, and cyanidin O-syringic acid, were the primary components of anthocyanidins, and they only existed in RP longan. Delphinin 3-O-glucoside existed only in SX longan, and pelargonin O-rutinoside existed in RP and SX longan. However, their contents were extremely low. The structural genes F3H, F3'H, UFGT, and GST and the controlling genes containing MYB, bHLH, NAC, and MADS in the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanin were significantly upregulated in RP longan. In summary, the strong red hue of RP longan is due to the accumulation of cyanidin derivatives in its pericarp, and the genes F3'H and F3'5'H may play an important role in selecting which component of anthocyanins will be synthesized. These results can provide scientific guidance for understanding and developing bioactive compounds from longan fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Yi
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongna Zhang
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Lai
- Engineering Research Center for Longan and Litchi of Upper Yangtze River, School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Pan
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, People's Republic of China
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9
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Gutiérrez-Quequezana L, Vuorinen AL, Kallio H, Yang B. Impact of cultivar, growth temperature and developmental stage on phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid in purple and yellow potato tubers. Food Chem 2020; 326:126966. [PMID: 32416419 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid were analyzed in one yellow and four purple-flesh potato cultivars grown at 13 °C and 18 °C and harvested at different stages of tuber development, using HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-MS. The expression of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway was studied at transcription level using qPCR. Petunidin-3-p-coumaroylrutinoside-5-glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin in 'Blue Congo', 'Blaue Schweden', and 'Synkeä Sakari', whereas malvidin-3-p-coumaroylrutinoside-5-glucoside dominated in 'Blaue Veltlin'. In mature tubers, the purple cultivar 'Synkeä Sakari' showed the highest content of anthocyanins (2.4 mg/g freeze-dried sample), and 'Blaue Veltlin' had the highest content of phenolic acids (5.5 mg/g). Cultivar was the main variable affecting the biosynthesis of the studied metabolites, whereas the temperatures studied did not show different impact. The content of the main phenolic acids and anthocyanins in the potato cultivars correlated positively with the expression levels of the genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Gutiérrez-Quequezana
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Anssi L Vuorinen
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Heikki Kallio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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10
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Liu Y, Tikunov Y, Schouten RE, Marcelis LFM, Visser RGF, Bovy A. Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Degradation Mechanisms in Solanaceous Vegetables: A Review. Front Chem 2018; 6:52. [PMID: 29594099 PMCID: PMC5855062 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of polyphenolic pigments that are ubiquitously found in the plant kingdom. In plants, anthocyanins play a role not only in reproduction, by attracting pollinators and seed dispersers, but also in protection against various abiotic and biotic stresses. There is accumulating evidence that anthocyanins have health-promoting properties, which makes anthocyanin metabolism an interesting target for breeders and researchers. In this review, the state of the art knowledge concerning anthocyanins in the Solanaceous vegetables, i.e., pepper, tomato, eggplant, and potato, is discussed, including biochemistry and biological function of anthocyanins, as well as their genetic and environmental regulation. Anthocyanin accumulation is determined by the balance between biosynthesis and degradation. Although the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway has been well-studied in Solanaceous vegetables, more research is needed on the inhibition of biosynthesis and, in particular, the anthocyanin degradation mechanisms if we want to control anthocyanin content of Solanaceous vegetables. In addition, anthocyanin metabolism is distinctly affected by environmental conditions, but the molecular regulation of these effects is poorly understood. Existing knowledge is summarized and current gaps in our understanding are highlighted and discussed, to create opportunities for the development of anthocyanin-rich crops through breeding and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Graduate School Production Ecology & Resource Conservation, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yury Tikunov
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Rob E Schouten
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Leo F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Bovy
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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11
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A comparative transcriptome analysis of a wild purple potato and its red mutant provides insight into the mechanism of anthocyanin transformation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191406. [PMID: 29360842 PMCID: PMC5779664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a red mutant was obtained through in vitro regeneration of a wild purple potato. High-performance liquid chromatography and Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and petunidin-3-O-glucoside were main anthocyanins in the mutant and wild type tubers, respectively. In order to thoroughly understand the mechanism of anthocyanin transformation in two materials, a comparative transcriptome analysis of the mutant and wild type was carried out through high-throughput RNA sequencing, and 295 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Real-time qRT-PCR validation of DEGs was consistent with the transcriptome date. The DEGs mainly influenced biological and metabolic pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and translation, and biosynthesis of flavone and flavonol. In anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, the analysis of structural genes expressions showed that three genes, one encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, one encoding 4-coumarate-CoA ligase and one encoding flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylasem were significantly down-regulated in the mutant; one gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was significantly up-regulated. Moreover, the transcription factors, such as bZIP family, MYB family, LOB family, MADS family, zf-HD family and C2H2 family, were significantly regulated in anthocyanin transformation. Response proteins of hormone, such as gibberellin, abscisic acid and brassinosteroid, were also significantly regulated in anthocyanin transformation. The information contributes to discovering the candidate genes in anthocyanin transformation, which can serve as a comprehensive resource for molecular mechanism research of anthocyanin transformation in potatoes.
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Oertel A, Matros A, Hartmann A, Arapitsas P, Dehmer KJ, Martens S, Mock HP. Metabolite profiling of red and blue potatoes revealed cultivar and tissue specific patterns for anthocyanins and other polyphenols. PLANTA 2017; 246:281-297. [PMID: 28664422 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolite profiling of tuber flesh and peel for selected colored potato varieties revealed cultivar and tissue specific profiles of anthocyanins and other polyphenols with variations in composition and concentration. Starchy tubers of Solanum tuberosum are a staple crop and food in many countries. Among cultivated potato varieties a huge biodiversity exists, including an increasing number of red and purple colored cultivars. This coloration relates to the accumulation of anthocyanins and is supposed to offer nutritional benefits possibly associated with the antioxidative capacity of anthocyanins. However, the anthocyanin composition and its relation to the overall polyphenol constitution in colored potato tubers have not been investigated closely. This study focuses on the phytochemical characterization of the phenolic composition of a variety of colored potato tubers, both for peel and flesh tissues. First, liquid chromatography (LC) separation coupled to UV and mass spectrometry (MS) detection of polyphenolic compounds of potato tubers from 57 cultivars was used to assign groups of potato cultivars differing in their anthocyanin and polyphenol profiles. Tissues from 19 selected cultivars were then analyzed by LC separation coupled to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) to detect quantitative differences in anthocyanin and polyphenol composition. The measured intensities of 21 anthocyanins present in the analyzed potato cultivars and tissues could be correlated with the specific tuber coloration. Besides secondary metabolites well-known for potato tubers, the metabolic profiling led to the detection of two anthocyanins not described for potato tuber previously, which we tentatively annotated as pelargonidin feruloyl-xylosyl-glucosyl-galactoside and cyanidin 3-p-coumaroylrutinoside-5-glucoside. We detected significant correlations between some of the measured metabolites, as for example the negative correlation between the main anthocyanins of red and blue potato cultivars. Mainly hydroxylation and methylation patterns of the B-ring of dihydroflavonols, leading to the formation of specific anthocyanidin backbones, can be assigned to a distinct coloring of the potato cultivars and tuber tissues. However, basically the same glycosylation and acylation reactions occur regardless of the main anthocyanidin precursor present in the respective red and blue/purple tissue. Thus, the different anthocyanin profiles in red and blue potato cultivars likely relate to superior regulation of the expression and activities of hydroxylases and methyltransferases rather than to differences for downstream glycosyl- and acyltransferases. In this regard, the characterized potato cultivars represent a valuable resource for the molecular analysis of the genetic background and the regulation of anthocyanin side chain modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Oertel
- TRANSMIT GmbH, Project Division: PlantMetaChem (PMC), Kerkrader Straße 3, 35394, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK-Gatersleben), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andrea Matros
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK-Gatersleben), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Anja Hartmann
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK-Gatersleben), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Edmund Mach Foundation, Research and Innovation Centre, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Klaus J Dehmer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank Department/GLKS, Parkweg 3a, 18190, Gross Luesewitz, Germany
| | - Stefan Martens
- TRANSMIT GmbH, Project Division: PlantMetaChem (PMC), Kerkrader Straße 3, 35394, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Edmund Mach Foundation, Research and Innovation Centre, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK-Gatersleben), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany.
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Fogelman E, Tanami S, Ginzberg I. Anthocyanin synthesis in native and wound periderms of potato. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:616-26. [PMID: 25156080 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin color of red potatoes is due to accumulation of anthocyanins in the tuber periderm, a protective tissue that replaces the epidermis at an early stage of tuber development. The periderm consists of external layers of suberized phellem cells making up the skin, and internal layers of parenchyma-like phelloderm cells. Red pigmentation is an important marketing factor for red-skinned potatoes. However, injuries to the tuber surface, which are common in the potato industry, result in the development of a wound periderm that is devoid of the characteristic red coloration. To study the reason for these differences in anthocyanin accumulation, the expression level of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and regulators was monitored in native and wound periderm using microarray analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found significantly higher expression of the anthocyanin pathway in the phelloderm cells compared with the skin and tuber-flesh samples. However, in wound periderm, the anthocyanin pathway was strongly downregulated relative to the native periderm. This was true for two developmental stages of the native periderm--'immature', when the skin is prone to skinning injuries, and 'mature', following skin set--suggesting that anthocyanin synthesis continues postharvest. Wound-induced expression of steroidal glycoalkaloid glycosyltransferases, suberin-related 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase and actin indicated that downregulation of the anthocyanin-specific pathway does not reflect global repression of the wound-periderm transcriptome. Loss of pigmentation may result from reduced expression of the Myb-bHLH-WD40 anthocyanin regulatory complex--a possible candidate might be the bHLH transcription factor JAF13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Fogelman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
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Zhao CL, Wen GS, Mao ZC, Xu SZ, Liu ZJ, Zhao MF, Lin C. Molecular Structures of the Stem Tuber Anthocyanins of Colored Potatoes and Their Coloring Effects on the Tubers. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper summarized the important achievements about the general characteristics of the molecular structures of the stem tuber anthocyanins of Colored potatoes and the basic coloring effects of the anthocyanins on the tubers. The various coloration patterns of the skins and/or flesh of Colored potato tubers result from the accumulation of the anthocyanins in the periderms, phelloderms and/or peripheral cortices of the tubers, and the tuber colors are fundamentally determined by the matching profiles of the six naturally occurring anthocyanidins, i.e., cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin and petunidin. Generally, the tuber anthocyanidins hold an O-glycosidic bond-linked rutinosyl at the C3 site, and either a glucosyl linked by an O-glycosidic bond or no substituent group may exist at the C5 site simultaneously. Furthermore, an E-monoacyl frequently exists at the C3- rutinosyls or at the C5-glucosyls of most tuber anthocyanins, and the phenolic acids acylating the tuber anthocyanins are often p-coumaric, ferulic and caffeic acids. The popular names of the p-coumaric acid derivatives of the malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin and petunidin of the tubers are Malvanin, Pelanin, Peonanin and Petanin, respectively. This review provides a reference for the exploration of the mechanism of the tuber coloration and the identification of the molecular structures of the stem tuber anthocyanins of Colored potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ling Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guo Song Wen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zi Chao Mao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shao Zhong Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zheng Jie Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ming Fu Zhao
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chun Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Jung CS, Griffiths HM, De Jong DM, Cheng S, Bodis M, Kim TS, De Jong WS. The potato developer (D) locus encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor that regulates expression of multiple anthocyanin structural genes in tuber skin. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2009; 120:45-57. [PMID: 19779693 PMCID: PMC2778721 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A dominant allele at the D locus (also known as I in diploid potato) is required for the synthesis of red and purple anthocyanin pigments in tuber skin. It has previously been reported that D maps to a region of chromosome 10 that harbors one or more homologs of Petunia an2, an R2R3 MYB transcription factor that coordinately regulates the expression of multiple anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in the floral limb. To test whether D acts similarly in tuber skin, RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of flavanone 3-hydroxylase (f3h), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr) and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (f3'5'h). All three genes were expressed in the periderm of red- and purple-skinned clones, while dfr and f3'5'h were not expressed, and f3h was only weakly expressed, in white-skinned clones. A potato cDNA clone with similarity to an2 was isolated from an expression library prepared from red tuber skin, and an assay developed to distinguish the two alleles of this gene in a diploid potato clone known to be heterozygous Dd. One allele was observed to cosegregate with pigmented skin in an F(1) population of 136 individuals. This allele was expressed in tuber skin of red- and purple-colored progeny, but not in white tubers, while other parental alleles were not expressed in white or colored tubers. The allele was placed under the control of a doubled 35S promoter and transformed into the light red-colored cultivar Désirée, the white-skinned cultivar Bintje, and two white diploid clones known to lack the functional allele of D. Transformants accumulated pigment in tuber skin, as well as in other tissues, including young foliage, flower petals, and tuber flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Suk Jung
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901 USA
| | - Helen M. Griffiths
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901 USA
| | - Darlene M. De Jong
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901 USA
| | - Shuping Cheng
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901 USA
| | - Mary Bodis
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901 USA
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901 USA
| | - Walter S. De Jong
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901 USA
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Zhang Y, Cheng S, De Jong D, Griffiths H, Halitschke R, De Jong W. The potato R locus codes for dihydroflavonol 4-reductase. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2009; 119:931-7. [PMID: 19588118 PMCID: PMC2729421 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The potato R locus is required for the production of red pelargonidin-based anthocyanin pigments in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Red color also requires tissue-specific regulatory genes, such as D (for expression in tuber skin) and F (expression in flowers). A related locus, P, is required for production of blue/purple anthocyanins; P is epistatic to R. We have previously reported that the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene (dfr) co-segregates with R. To test directly whether R corresponds to dfr, we placed the allele of dfr associated with red color under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and introduced it into the potato cultivar Prince Hairy (genotype dddd rrrr P-), which has white tubers and pale blue flowers. Transgenic Prince Hairy tubers remained white, but flower color changed to purple. Three independent transgenic lines, as well as a vector-transformed line, were then crossed with the red-skinned variety Chieftain (genotype D-R-pppp), to establish populations that segregated for D, R, P, and the dfr transgene or empty vector. Markers were used to genotype progeny at D and R. Progeny carrying the empty vector in the genetic background D-rrrr produced white or purple tubers, while progeny with the same genotype and the dfr transgene produced red or purple tubers. HPLC and LC-MS/MS analyses of anthocyanins present in Chieftain and in a red-skinned progeny clone with the dfr transgene in a D-rrrr background revealed no qualitative differences. Thus, dfr can fully complement R, both in terms of tuber color and anthocyanin composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Zhang
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Shuping Cheng
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Darlene De Jong
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Helen Griffiths
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Walter De Jong
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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Zhang Y, Jung CS, De Jong WS. Genetic analysis of pigmented tuber flesh in potato. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2009; 119:143-50. [PMID: 19363602 PMCID: PMC2690854 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Interest in anthocyanin-pigmented potato tuber flesh is increasing. To genetically map and characterize loci that influence this trait, diploid potato clone 10618-01, which has partially pigmented flesh, was crossed with diploid 320-02, which has white flesh. Almost all progeny exhibited purple coloration in the flesh, with some clones having only a small percentage of tissue pigmented, other clones having most tissue pigmented, and the majority of clones showing intermediate color phenotypes. The two parents and 228 progeny were genotyped with 493 AFLP, 8 CAPS, and 13 SSR markers. QTLs influencing extent of flesh pigmentation were detected on chromosomes 5, 8, and 9. The potato homolog of Petunia an1, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, was found to co-localize with the QTL on chromosome 9. A CAPS marker based on this gene was used to evaluate a collection of 21 tetraploid potato clones with highly or fully pigmented red or purple flesh, as well as 53 cultivars with white or yellow flesh. All 21 pigmented-flesh clones shared a marker allele that was present in only 21 of the 53 white and yellow clones, suggesting that a common bHLH allele contributes toward, although it is clearly not sufficient for, highly or fully pigmented tuber flesh in cultivated potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Zhang
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901 USA
| | - Chun Suk Jung
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901 USA
| | - Walter S. De Jong
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901 USA
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Effects of Cerium on Accumulation of Anthocyanins and Expression of Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes in Potato Cell Tissue Cultures. J RARE EARTH 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(06)60147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jung CS, Griffiths HM, De Jong DM, Cheng S, Bodis M, De Jong WS. The potato P locus codes for flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2005; 110:269-75. [PMID: 15565378 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The potato P locus is required for the production of blue/purple anthocyanin pigments in any tissue of the potato plant such as tubers, flowers, or stems. We have previously reported, based on RFLP mapping in tomato, that the gene coding for the anthocyanin biosynthetic enzyme flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (f3'5'h) maps to the same region of the tomato genome as P maps in potato. To further evaluate this association a Petunia f3'5'h gene was used to screen a potato cDNA library prepared from purple-colored flowers and stems. Six positively hybridizing cDNA clones were sequenced and all appeared to be derived from a single gene that shares 85% sequence identity at the amino acid level with Petunia f3'5'h. The potato gene cosegregated with purple tuber color in a diploid F1 sub-population of 37 purple and 25 red individuals and was found to be expressed in tuber skin only in the presence of the anthocyanin regulatory locus I. A potato f3'5'h cDNA clone was placed under the control of a doubled CaMV 35S promoter and introduced into the red-skinned cultivar 'Desiree'. Tuber and stem tissues that are colored red in Desiree were purple in nine of 17 independently transformed lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Suk Jung
- Department of Plant Breeding, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901, USA
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De Jong WS, De Jong DM, Bodis M. A fluorogenic 5' nuclease (TaqMan) assay to assess dosage of a marker tightly linked to red skin color in autotetraploid potato. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2003; 107:1384-90. [PMID: 13679981 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2002] [Accepted: 05/31/2003] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have recently identified an allele of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase ( dfr) that cosegregates with the ability of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L) to produce red pelargonidin-based anthocyanin pigments. A rapid assay to assess dosage of this allele in cultivated potato, an autotetraploid, would be useful for breeding programs that develop red-skinned cultivars. To identify regions of dfr that are conserved between alleles, as well as regions that are variable, a portion of the gene was sequenced from several cultivated and wild potato clones. In one region the sequence of the 'red' dfr allele differed at two nucleotide positions from the three other sequence classes observed. A fluorogenic oligonucleotide probe labeled with 6-FAM was designed to anneal specifically to the red allele in this region, while a second probe labeled with VIC was designed to anneal to the 'not-red' dfr alleles. PCR primers that annealed to conserved sequences flanking the variable region were also developed. When subjected to a fluorogenic 5' nuclease (TaqMan) allelic discrimination assay all diploid clones tested clustered into three distinct groups based on the relative amounts of FAM and VIC released. These three groups represented clones homozygous for the red allele, heterozygous for the red allele, and homozygous for the not-red allele(s). When tetraploid clones were tested they separated into five distinct clusters, three of which were shared with diploid clones. The five clusters were interpreted to represent clones quadruplex, triplex, duplex, simplex and nulliplex for the red dfr allele. This interpretation was supported by monitoring the segregation of red allele dosage in several tetraploid crosses. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a fluorogenic 5' nuclease assay being used for allelic discrimination in an autopolyploid.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S De Jong
- Department of Plant Breeding, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901, USA.
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