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Radchenko EE, Abdullaev RA, Anisimova IN. Genetic Resources of Cereal Crops for Aphid Resistance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11111490. [PMID: 35684263 PMCID: PMC9182920 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The genetic resources of cereal crops in terms of resistance to aphids are reviewed. Phytosanitary destabilization led to a significant increase in the harmfulness of this group of insects. The breeding of resistant plant genotypes is a radical, the cheapest, and environmentally safe way of pest control. The genetic homogeneity of crops hastens the adaptive microevolution of harmful organisms. Both major and minor aphid resistance genes of cereal plants interact with insects differentially. Therefore, rational breeding envisages the expansion of the genetic diversity of cultivated varieties. The possibilities of replenishing the stock of effective resistance genes by studying the collection of cultivated cereals, introgression, and creating mutant forms are considered. The interaction of insects with plants is subject to the gene-for-gene relationship. Plant resistance genes are characterized by close linkage and multiple allelism. The realizing plant genotype depends on the phytophage biotype. Information about the mechanisms of constitutional and induced plant resistance is discussed. Resistance genes differ in terms of stability of expression. The duration of the period when varieties remain resistant is not related either to its phenotypic manifestation or to the number of resistance genes. One explanation for the phenomenon of durable resistance is the association of the virulence mutation with pest viability.
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Luo K, Zhao H, Wang X, Kang Z. Prevalent Pest Management Strategies for Grain Aphids: Opportunities and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:790919. [PMID: 35082813 PMCID: PMC8784848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.790919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cereal plants in natural ecological systems are often either sequentially or simultaneously attacked by different species of aphids, which significantly decreases the quality and quantity of harvested grain. The severity of the damage is potentially aggravated by microbes associated with the aphids or the coexistence of other fungal pathogens. Although chemical control and the use of cultivars with single-gene-based antibiosis resistance could effectively suppress grain aphid populations, this method has accelerated the development of insecticide resistance and resulted in pest resurgence. Therefore, it is important that effective and environmentally friendly pest management measures to control the damage done by grain aphids to cereals in agricultural ecosystems be developed and promoted. In recent decades, extensive studies have typically focused on further understanding the relationship between crops and aphids, which has greatly contributed to the establishment of sustainable pest management approaches. This review discusses recent advances and challenges related to the control of grain aphids in agricultural production. Current knowledge and ongoing research show that the integration of the large-scale cultivation of aphid-resistant wheat cultivars with agricultural and/or other management practices will be the most prevalent and economically important management strategy for wheat aphid control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiukang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Aradottir GI, Crespo-Herrera L. Host plant resistance in wheat to barley yellow dwarf viruses and their aphid vectors: a review. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 45:59-68. [PMID: 33545435 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cereal aphids are vectors of at least 11 species of Barley Yellow Dwarf Viruses (BYDV) in wheat that alone and/or in combination can cause between 5%-80% grain yield losses. They establish complex virus-vector interactions, with variations in specificity and transmission efficiency that need to be considered for control purposes. In general, these viruses and vectors have a global distribution, however, BYDV-PAV is the most prevalent and abundant virus species worldwide, likely due to its vectoring efficiency and the wide distribution of its primary vector Rhopalosiphum padi. Host plant resistance (HPR) is an environmentally friendly, efficient and cost-effective tool to reduce crop losses to biotic stressors such as aphids and viruses. Finding resistance sources is paramount to breed for HPR. Currently, most of the resistance identified for aphids and BYDV derives from wheat related and wild relative species. However, breeding for HPR to BYDV and its vectors has additional challenges besides the source identification, for example, the lack of selection tools for certain aphid species, which likely prevents the development of elite wheat germplasm carrying resistance to these constraints. Nonetheless, modern technologies such as high-throughput phenotyping, genomic and advanced statistical tools can contribute to make HPR to aphids and BYDV more efficient. In the present review we describe the main sources of resistance, discuss the challenges and opportunities for incorporating the resistance in wheat breeding programs and present a workflow to breed for BYDV and its vectors in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Crespo-Herrera
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico
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Nampeera EL, Blodgett S, O'Neal ME, Nonnecke GR, Murungi LK, Abukutsa-Onyango MO, Wesonga JM. Resistance of Amaranthus Spp. to the Green Peach Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:1299-1306. [PMID: 31971589 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The green peach aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] is an important pest of amaranth grown for leaf consumption (i.e., leafy amaranth) in the tropics. Aphids reduce the amount of fresh leaf yield of amaranth and the value of leafy amaranth as aphid-infested leaves are not marketable. Our objective was to evaluate Amaranthus species selected by a breeding program in East Africa to develop cultivars for leaf consumption with resistance to M. persicae. We focused on antibiosis to determine whether varieties of Amaranthus spp. could be grown without producing an aphid population. Artificial infestations of aphids were placed on multiple selections of three species of Amaranthus: two selections of A. blitum, four selections of A. hybridus and one selection of A. hypochondriacus. Aphid populations were assessed over a 5-wk period. Evaluations of vegetative yield, leaf damage symptoms, and specific leaf area (SLA) were made of the seven selections at the end of this experiment. Aphid populations assessed 49 d after planting differed significantly (P ≤ 0.001) among the amaranth species and within selections of the same species. The selections of A. blitum had the lowest aphid populations, and A. hybridus had the highest populations. Selections of A. hybridus produced the most marketable leaves (i.e., aphid free). The fresh weight of A. blitum were the lowest of the seven selections, whereas A. hybridus had the greatest fresh leaf weight. Implications of these finding for further promotion of amaranth breeding are discussed related to pest management for leaf production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther L Nampeera
- Department of Horticulture and Food Security, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sue Blodgett
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | | | - Lucy K Murungi
- Department of Horticulture and Food Security, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mary O Abukutsa-Onyango
- Department of Horticulture and Food Security, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John M Wesonga
- Department of Horticulture and Food Security, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Xu X, Li G, Carver BF, Armstrong JS. Gb8, a new gene conferring resistance to economically important greenbug biotypes in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:615-622. [PMID: 31773177 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new greenbug resistance gene Gb8 conferring broad resistance to US greenbug biotypes was identified in hard red winter wheat line PI 595379-1 and was mapped to the terminal region of chromosome 7DL. Greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] is a worldwide insect pest that poses a serious threat to wheat production. New greenbug resistance genes that can be readily used in wheat breeding are urgently needed. The objective of this study was to characterize a greenbug resistance gene in PI 595379-1, a single plant selection from PI 595379. Genetic analysis of response to greenbug biotype E in an F2:3 population derived from a cross between PI 595379-1 and PI 243735 indicated that a single gene, designated Gb8, conditioned resistance. Linkage analysis placed Gb8 in a 2.7-Mb interval in the terminal bin of chromosome 7DL (7DL3-082-1.0), spanning 595.6 to 598.3 Mb in the Chinese Spring IWGSC RefSeq version 1.0 reference sequence. Gb8 co-segregated with a newly developed SSR marker Xstars508, positioned at 596.4 Mb in the reference sequence. Allelism tests showed that Gb8 was different from three permanently named genes on the same chromosome arm and the estimated genetic distance between Gb8 and Gb3 was 15.35 ± 1.35 cM. Gb8 can be directly used in wheat breeding to enhance greenbug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Xu
- Wheat, Peanut, and Other Field Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA.
| | - Genqiao Li
- Wheat, Peanut, and Other Field Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
| | - Brett F Carver
- Plant and Soil Science Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - J Scott Armstrong
- Wheat, Peanut, and Other Field Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
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Crespo-Herrera L, Singh RP, Reynolds M, Huerta-Espino J. Genetics of Greenbug Resistance in Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat Derived Germplasm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:782. [PMID: 31263476 PMCID: PMC6585667 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani, significantly reduces wheat, Triticum aestivum L., grain yields if not controlled. Host plant resistance (HPR) can protect yield, is environmentally friendly and easy to use. Our objectives were to: (1) identify genomic regions associated with S. graminum resistance in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross of "Sokoll" (resistant) and "Weebill1" (moderately susceptible), (2) evaluate Sokoll derived breeding germplasm for resistance, and (3) conduct allelism tests between Sokoll and sources carrying resistance genes Gba, Gbb, and Gbd. Resistance was measured quantitatively and qualitatively using a SPAD meter and visual assessments, respectively. We identified a large effect resistance gene on chromosome arm 7DL of Sokoll, herein referred as GbSkl, which contributed up to 24% of the phenotypic variation. Other minor QTL on chromosomes 2B, 3A, and 7B were also identified. The QTL on 2B and 3A originated from Weebill1. Of the Sokoll derived germplasm, 13% displayed resistance. Allelism tests indicated that GbSkl could be allelic or tightly linked to the temporarily designated genes Gba, Gbb, and Gbd. Utility of SPAD to determine quantitative variation in resistance phenotyping is demonstrated and breeding efforts are underway to transfer the resistance from Sokoll to new CIMMYT elite germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Crespo-Herrera
- Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Global Wheat Program, Mexico, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Leonardo Crespo-Herrera,
| | - Ravi P. Singh
- Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Global Wheat Program, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Global Wheat Program, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Julio Huerta-Espino
- Campo Experimental Valle de Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Chapingo, Mexico
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Sun M, Voorrips RE, Steenhuis-Broers G, van’t Westende W, Vosman B. Reduced phloem uptake of Myzus persicae on an aphid resistant pepper accession. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:138. [PMID: 29945550 PMCID: PMC6020309 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The green peach aphid (GPA), Myzus persicae, is economically one of the most threatening pests in pepper cultivation, which not only causes direct damage but also transmits many viruses. Breeding aphid resistant pepper varieties is a promising and environmentally friendly method to control aphid populations in the field and in the greenhouse. Until now, no strong sources of resistance against the GPA have been identified. Therefore the main aims of this study were to identify pepper materials with a good level of resistance to GPA and to elucidate possible resistance mechanisms. RESULTS We screened 74 pepper accessions from different geographical areas for resistance to M. persicae. After four rounds of evaluation we identified one Capsicum baccatum accession (PB2013071) as highly resistant to M. persicae, while the accessions PB2013062 and PB2012022 showed intermediate resistance. The resistance of PB2013071 resulted in a severely reduced uptake of phloem compared to the susceptible accession, as determined by Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) studies. Feeding of M. persicae induced the expression of callose synthase genes and resulted in callose deposition in the sieve elements in resistant, but not in susceptible plants. CONCLUSIONS Three aphid resistant pepper accessions were identified, which will be important for breeding aphid resistant pepper varieties in the future. The most resistant accession PB2013071 showed phloem-based resistance against aphid infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Sun
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland E. Voorrips
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Greet Steenhuis-Broers
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy van’t Westende
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Vosman
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Goodwin SB, Cavaletto JR, Hale IL, Thompson I, Xu SX, Adhikari TB, Dubcovsky J. A New Map Location of Gene Stb3 for Resistance to Septoria Tritici Blotch in Wheat. CROP SCIENCE 2015; 55:35-43. [PMID: 27959972 PMCID: PMC5089079 DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2013.11.0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola (synonym: Zymoseptoria tritici; asexual stage: Septoria tritici), is an important disease of wheat worldwide. Management of the disease usually is by host resistance or fungicides. However, M. graminicola has developed insensitivity to most commonly applied fungicides so there is a continuing need for well-characterized sources of host resistance to accelerate the development of improved wheat cultivars. Gene Stb3 has been a useful source of major resistance, but its mapping location has not been well characterized. Based on linkage to a single marker, a previous study assigned Stb3 to a location on the short arm of chromosome 6D. However, the results from the present study show that this reported location is incorrect. Instead, linkage analysis revealed that Stb3 is located on the short arm of wheat chromosome 7A, completely linked to microsatellite (SSR) locus Xwmc83 and flanked by loci Xcfa2028 (12.4 cM distal) and Xbarc222 (2.1 cM proximal). Linkage between Stb3 and Xwmc83 was validated in BC1F3 progeny of other crosses, and analyses of the flanking markers with deletion stocks showed that the gene is located on 7AS between fraction lengths 0.73 and 0.83. This revised location of Stb3 is different from those for other STB resistance genes previously mapped in hexaploid wheat but is approximately 20 cM proximal to an STB resistance gene mapped on the short arm of chromosome 7Am in Triticum monococcum. The markers described in this study are useful for accelerating the deployment of Stb3 in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica R. Cavaletto
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 915 West State Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Iago L. Hale
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Ian Thompson
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 915 West State Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Steven X. Xu
- USDA–ARS, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, 1307 18th Street North, Fargo, ND 58105-5677, USA
| | - Tika B. Adhikari
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, 306 Walster Hall, Fargo, ND 58105-5012, USA
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8515, USA, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA
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Louis J, Singh V, Shah J. Arabidopsis thaliana-Aphid Interaction. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2012; 10:e0159. [PMID: 22666177 PMCID: PMC3365623 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are important pests of plants that use their stylets to tap into the sieve elements to consume phloem sap. Besides the removal of photosynthates, aphid infestation also alters source-sink patterns. Most aphids also vector viral diseases. In this chapter, we will summarize on recent significant findings in plant-aphid interaction, and how studies involving Arabidopsis thaliana and Myzus persicae (Sülzer), more commonly known as the green peach aphid (GPA), are beginning to provide important insights into the molecular basis of plant defense and susceptibility to aphids. The recent demonstration that expression of dsRNA in Arabidopsis can be used to silence expression of genes in GPA has further expanded the utility of Arabidopsis for evaluating the contribution of the aphid genome-encoded proteins to this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Louis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- Current address: Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Jyoti Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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Dogimont C, Bendahmane A, Chovelon V, Boissot N. Host plant resistance to aphids in cultivated crops: Genetic and molecular bases, and interactions with aphid populations. C R Biol 2010; 333:566-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhu LC, Smith CM, Fritz A, Boyko EV, Flinn MB. Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a wheat gene conferring tolerance to the greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2004; 109:289-93. [PMID: 15138689 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2003] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), is one of the major pests of wheat worldwide. The efficient utilization of wheat genes expressing resistance to greenbug infestation is highly dependent on a clear understanding of their relationships. The use of such genes will be further facilitated through the use of molecular markers linked to resistance genes. The present study involved several F(2) wheat populations derived from crosses between susceptible cultivars and resistant germplasm carrying different greenbug resistance genes. These populations were used to characterize the inheritance of a wheat gene ( Gbz) conferring tolerance to greenbug biotype I, to identify molecular markers linked to Gbz, and to investigate the relationship between Gbz and Gb3, a previously identified greenbug resistance gene. Our results indicated that Gbz is inherited as a single dominant gene. Microsatellite marker Xwmc157 is completely linked to Gbz, and Xbarc53 and Xgdm46 flank Gbz at distances of 5.1 and 9.5 cM, respectively. Selection of Gbz using marker Xwmc157 alone gives breeders 100% selection accuracy. Gbz may be placed in the distal region of the long arm of the wheat chromosome 7D. The results of allelism tests indicated that Gbz is either allelic or tightly linked to Gb3.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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