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A perfect storm: ploidy and preadaptation facilitate Saccharum spontaneum escape and invasion in the Republic of Panama. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPolyploidy may contribute to invasive ability as it can lead to high survival and fitness during establishment and enhance the processes of adaptation to novel environments by increasing genetic diversity in invading propagules. Many grasses are polyploid and many are aggressive invaders, making them persistent problems in disturbed environments worldwide. Today, vast areas of central Panama are dominated by Saccharum spontaneum, a perennial grass that originates from Asia. While widely regarded as invasive, it is not known when or how it arrived in Panama. We explore hypotheses regarding the timing and origins of this invasion through literature review and comparisons of genetic diversity in Panama with accessions from available sugarcane germplasm collections, highlighting historical accessions that were likely brought to Panama in 1939 as part of a USDA sugarcane germplasm collection. Samples were haplotyped at two chloroplast loci and genotyped using eight microsatellite markers. All sequenced individuals from Panama belong to a single chloroplast lineage which is common worldwide and was common in the Historic germplasm collection. Although genotypic diversity was extremely high in all samples due to high ploidy, samples from Panama had reduced diversity and clustered with several accessions in the Historic collection which had the same haplotype and high ploidy levels. Our results suggest that accidental escape from the historical sugarcane germplasm collection is the likely origin of the S. spontaneum invasion in Panama. Intraspecific hybridization among several historical accessions and pre-adaptation to local conditions may have facilitated its rapid spread and persistence. We discuss the implications of our findings for biosecurity of germplasm collections.
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Huang Y, Yu F, Li X, Luo L, Wu J, Yang Y, Deng Z, Chen R, Zhang M. Comparative genetic analysis of the 45S rDNA intergenic spacers from three Saccharum species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183447. [PMID: 28817651 PMCID: PMC5560572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) units are separated by an intergenic spacer (IGS) containing the signals for transcription and processing of rRNAs. For the first time, we sequenced and analyzed the entire IGS region from three original species within the genus Saccharum, including S. spontaneum, S. robustum, and S. officinarum in this study. We have compared the IGS organization within three original species of the genus Saccharum. The IGS of these three original species showed similar overall organizations comprised of putative functional elements needed for rRNA gene activity as well as a non-transcribed spacer (NTS), a promoter region, and an external transcribed spacer (ETS). The variability in length of the IGS sequences was assessed at the individual, intraspecies, and interspecies levels of the genus Saccharum, including S. spontaneum, S. robustum, and S. officinarum. The ETS had greater similarity than the NTS across species, but nevertheless exhibited variation in length. Within the IGS of the Saccharum species, base substitutions and copy number variation of sub-repeat were causes of the divergence in IGS sequences. We also identified a significant number of methylation sites. Furthermore, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) co-localization of IGS and pTa71 probes was detected on all representative species of the genus Saccharum tested. Taken together, the results of this study provide a better insight into the structure and organization of the IGS in the genus Saccharum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Huang
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiayun Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Improvement and Biorefinery, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute, Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zuhu Deng
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Sugar Industries, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Rukai Chen
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Sugar Industries, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Shearman JR, Sonthirod C, Naktang C, Pootakham W, Yoocha T, Sangsrakru D, Jomchai N, Tragoonrung S, Tangphatsornruang S. The two chromosomes of the mitochondrial genome of a sugarcane cultivar: assembly and recombination analysis using long PacBio reads. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31533. [PMID: 27530092 PMCID: PMC4987617 DOI: 10.1038/srep31533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane accounts for a large portion of the worlds sugar production. Modern commercial cultivars are complex hybrids of S. officinarum and several other Saccharum species. Historical records identify New Guinea as the origin of S. officinarum and that a small number of plants originating from there were used to generate all modern commercial cultivars. The mitochondrial genome can be a useful way to identify the maternal origin of commercial cultivars. We have used the PacBio RSII to sequence and assemble the mitochondrial genome of a South East Asian commercial cultivar, known as Khon Kaen 3. The long read length of this sequencing technology allowed for the mitochondrial genome to be assembled into two distinct circular chromosomes with all repeat sequences spanned by individual reads. Comparison of five commercial hybrids, two S. officinarum and one S. spontaneum to our assembly reveals no structural rearrangements between our assembly, the commercial hybrids and an S. officinarum from New Guinea. The S. spontaneum, from India, and one sample of S. officinarum (unknown origin) are substantially rearranged and have a large number of homozygous variants. This supports the record that S. officinarum plants from New Guinea are the maternal source of all modern commercial hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Shearman
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chutima Sonthirod
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Naktang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wirulda Pootakham
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Thippawan Yoocha
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Duangjai Sangsrakru
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nukoon Jomchai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Somvong Tragoonrung
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
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Evans DL, Joshi SV. Complete chloroplast genomes of Saccharum spontaneum, Saccharum officinarum and Miscanthus floridulus (Panicoideae: Andropogoneae) reveal the plastid view on sugarcane origins. SYST BIODIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2016.1197336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dyfed Lloyd Evans
- South African Sugarcane Research Institute, 170 Flanders Drive, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Shailesh Vinay Joshi
- South African Sugarcane Research Institute, 170 Flanders Drive, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Ferreira SS, Hotta CT, Poelking VGDC, Leite DCC, Buckeridge MS, Loureiro ME, Barbosa MHP, Carneiro MS, Souza GM. Co-expression network analysis reveals transcription factors associated to cell wall biosynthesis in sugarcane. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:15-35. [PMID: 26820137 PMCID: PMC4837222 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is a hybrid of Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum, with minor contributions from other species in Saccharum and other genera. Understanding the molecular basis of cell wall metabolism in sugarcane may allow for rational changes in fiber quality and content when designing new energy crops. This work describes a comparative expression profiling of sugarcane ancestral genotypes: S. officinarum, S. spontaneum and S. robustum and a commercial hybrid: RB867515, linking gene expression to phenotypes to identify genes for sugarcane improvement. Oligoarray experiments of leaves, immature and intermediate internodes, detected 12,621 sense and 995 antisense transcripts. Amino acid metabolism was particularly evident among pathways showing natural antisense transcripts expression. For all tissues sampled, expression analysis revealed 831, 674 and 648 differentially expressed genes in S. officinarum, S. robustum and S. spontaneum, respectively, using RB867515 as reference. Expression of sugar transporters might explain sucrose differences among genotypes, but an unexpected differential expression of histones were also identified between high and low Brix° genotypes. Lignin biosynthetic genes and bioenergetics-related genes were up-regulated in the high lignin genotype, suggesting that these genes are important for S. spontaneum to allocate carbon to lignin, while S. officinarum allocates it to sucrose storage. Co-expression network analysis identified 18 transcription factors possibly related to cell wall biosynthesis while in silico analysis detected cis-elements involved in cell wall biosynthesis in their promoters. Our results provide information to elucidate regulatory networks underlying traits of interest that will allow the improvement of sugarcane for biofuel and chemicals production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viviane Guzzo de Carli Poelking
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
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Phylogenetic Analysis of Different Ploidy Saccharum spontaneum Based on rDNA-ITS Sequences. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151524. [PMID: 26986847 PMCID: PMC4795546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharum spontaneum L. is a crucial wild parent of modern sugarcane cultivars whose ploidy clones have been utilized successfully in improving the stress resistance and yield related traits of sugarcane cultivars. To establish knowledge regarding the genetic variances and evolutional relationships of ploidy clones of Saccharum spontaneum collected in China, the rDNA-ITS sequences of 62 ploidy clones including octaploid clones (2n = 64), nonaploid clones (2n = 72), decaploid clones (2n = 80), and dodecaploid clones (2n = 96), were obtained and analyzed. The rDNA-ITS sequences of four species from Saccharum and Sorghum bicolor selected as controls. The results showed that decaploid clones (2n = 80) possess the most abundant variances with 58 variable sites and 20 parsim-informative sites in ITS sequences, which were then followed by octaploid clones with 43 variable sites and 17 parsim-informative sites. In haplotype diversity, all four population exhibited high diversity, especially nonaploid and decaploid populations. By comparing the genetic distances among four ploidy populations, the dodecaploid population exhibited the closest relationship with the nonaploid population, and then the relationship strength decreased successively for the decaploid population and then for the octaploid population. Population differentiation analysis showed that the phenomena of population differentiation were not found among different ploidy populations, and low coefficient of gene differentiation(Gst) and high gene flow(Nm) occur among these populations possessing close genetic relationship. These results mentioned above will contribute to the understanding of the evolution of different ploidy populations of Saccharum spontaneum and provide vital knowledge for their utilization in sugarcane breeding and innovation.
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Britton MN, Hedderson TA, Anthony Verboom G. Topography as a driver of cryptic speciation in the high-elevation cape sedge Tetraria triangularis (Boeck.) C. B. Clarke (Cyperaceae: Schoeneae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 77:96-109. [PMID: 24704302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Since some speciation mechanisms are more likely to generate morphological disparity than others, the general failure of vascular plant taxonomists to recognize cryptic diversity may bias perceptions about speciation process in plants. While the exceptional floristic richness of the South African Cape has largely been attributed to adaptive divergence ('ecological' speciation), a combination of climatic dynamism and complex topography has likely provided ample opportunities for 'non-ecological' vicariant speciation, a mechanism which is perhaps more likely to produce cryptic species. We explore the role of topography as a driver of 'non-ecological' speciation in the high-elevation sedge Tetraria triangularis. Within this species, molecular and morphological data reveal five cryptic or semi-cryptic lineages of Miocene-Pliocene age which qualify as evolutionary species. At least three of these maintain their distinctness in sites of sympatry, identifying them as biological species. Negligible range overlap, and the identification of topography as a significant predictor of range turnover, identifies speciation as allopatric and a result of impeded gene flow across low-elevation topographic features. Weak morphological and ecological divergence implies a limited role for adaptive divergence in powering speciation, with character displacement in sympatry possibly arising as a consequence of interspecific competition. Although we cannot exclude a role for disruptive selection in species differentiation, we identify isolation of populations on topographically separated mountains as the principal motor of speciation. We suggest that the importance of topography in the genesis of Cape floristic diversity has been inadequately acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Britton
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, 7700 Rondebosch, South Africa.
| | - Terry A Hedderson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, 7700 Rondebosch, South Africa.
| | - G Anthony Verboom
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, 7700 Rondebosch, South Africa.
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Chloroplast phylogeography of Helianthemum songaricum (Cistaceae) from northwestern China: implications for preservation of genetic diversity. CONSERV GENET 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-011-0250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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De-Paula VS, Razzera G, Medeiros L, Miyamoto CA, Almeida MS, Kurtenbach E, Almeida FCL, Valente AP. Evolutionary relationship between defensins in the Poaceae family strengthened by the characterization of new sugarcane defensins. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 68:321-335. [PMID: 18618271 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant defensins are small (45-54 amino acids), highly basic, cysteine-rich peptides structurally related to defensins of other organisms, including insects and mammals. Small putative proteins (MW < 10 kDa) containing eight cysteines were screened based on the sugarcane expressed sequence tag (EST) database. We selected ORFs that exhibited 25-100% similarity in primary sequence with other defensins in the NCBI database and that contained eight cysteines. This similarity is sufficient for folding prediction, but not enough for biological activity inference. Six putative defensins (Sd1-6) were selected, and activity assays showed that recombinant Sd1, Sd3 and Sd5 are active against fungi, but not against bacteria. Structural characterization, based on circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed that the structures of these Sds were compatible with alpha/beta proteins, a feature expected for plant defensins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that sugarcane defensins could clearly be grouped within defensins from Poaceae family and Andropogoneae tribe. Our work demonstrates that defensins show strong conservation in the Poaceae family and may indicate that the same conservation occurs in other families. We suggest that evolutionary relationships within plant families can be used as a procedure to predict and annotate new defensins in genomes and group them in evolutionary classes to help in the investigation of their biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S De-Paula
- Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Brigadeiro Trompowski, s/n, CCS Bloco E sala 10, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Shaw J, Lickey EB, Schilling EE, Small RL. Comparison of whole chloroplast genome sequences to choose noncoding regions for phylogenetic studies in angiosperms: the tortoise and the hare III. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2007; 94:275-88. [PMID: 21636401 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.94.3.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 893] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the chloroplast genome contains many noncoding regions, relatively few have been exploited for interspecific phylogenetic and intraspecific phylogeographic studies. In our recent evaluation of the phylogenetic utility of 21 noncoding chloroplast regions, we found the most widely used noncoding regions are among the least variable, but the more variable regions have rarely been employed. That study led us to conclude that there may be unexplored regions of the chloroplast genome that have even higher relative levels of variability. To explore the potential variability of previously unexplored regions, we compared three pairs of single-copy chloroplast genome sequences in three disparate angiosperm lineages: Atropa vs. Nicotiana (asterids); Lotus vs. Medicago (rosids); and Saccharum vs. Oryza (monocots). These three separate sequence alignments highlighted 13 mutational hotspots that may be more variable than the best regions of our former study. These 13 regions were then selected for a more detailed analysis. Here we show that nine of these newly explored regions (rpl32-trnL((UAG)), trnQ((UUG))-5'rps16, 3'trnV((UAC))-ndhC, ndhF-rpl32, psbD-trnT((GGU)), psbJ-petA, 3'rps16-5'trnK((UUU)), atpI-atpH, and petL-psbE) offer levels of variation better than the best regions identified in our earlier study and are therefore likely to be the best choices for molecular studies at low taxonomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Shaw
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 615 McCallie Avenue, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403 USA
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Yamane K, Yano K, Kawahara T. Pattern and rate of indel evolution inferred from whole chloroplast intergenic regions in sugarcane, maize and rice. DNA Res 2006; 13:197-204. [PMID: 17110395 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsl012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microstructural changes such as insertions and deletions (=indels) are a major driving force in the evolution of non-coding DNA sequences. To better understand the mechanisms by which indel mutations arise, as well as the molecular evolution of non-coding regions, the number and pattern of indels and nucleotide substitutions were compared in the whole chloroplast genomes. Comparisons were made for a total of over 38 kb non-coding DNA sequences from 126 intergenic regions in two data sets representing species with different divergence times: sugarcane and maize and Oryza sativa var. indica and japonica. The main findings of this study are: (i) Approximately half of all indels are single nucleotide indels. This observation agrees with previous studies in various organisms. (ii) The distribution and number of indels was different between two data sets, and different patterns were observed for tandem repeat and non-repeat indels. (iii) Distribution pattern of tandem repeat indels showed statistically significant bias towards A/T-rich. (iv) The rate of indel mutation was estimated to be approximately 0.8 +/- 0.04 x 10(-9) per site per year, which was similar to previous estimates in other organisms. (v) The frequencies of nucleotide substitutions and indels were significantly lower in inverted repeat (IR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yamane
- Laboratory of Crop evolution, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Nakajoh, Mozume, Mukoh 617-0001, Japan
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