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Sun N, Mu Y, Wang D, Li J, Yuan T, Liu W, Yu N, Xu X, Li L, Jin Y, Ma P. Allelic variations of HMW-GS and LMW-GS and quality analysis in Yannong series wheat cultivars/derivative lines. Front Genet 2024; 15:1465540. [PMID: 39238785 PMCID: PMC11375680 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1465540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gluten quality is one of the most important traits of the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In Chinese wheat production, Yannong series cultivars/derivative lines possess unique characteristics and play an important role in both yield and quality contribution. Methods To dissect their genetic basis of the gluten quality, in this study, allelic variations of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) in 30 Yannong series wheat cultivars/derivative lines and three check cultivars were evaluated using the allele-specific molecular markers, and six crucial quality indexes were also further measured and analyzed. Results The results demonstrated that the frequencies of HMW-GSs By8, Dx5+Dy10 and Dx5+Dy10+Dy12 in these 30 genotypes and three check cultivars accounted for 87.9%, 24.2% and 9.1%, respectively. For the allelic variations of LMW-GSs, Glu-A3a, Glu-A3b, Glu-A3c, Glu-A3f, and Glu-A3g were identified in 18, 9, 13, 11, and 2 genotypes, respectively; Glu-B3d, Glu-B3g and Glu-B3f were identified in 13, 23 and 4 genotypes, respectively. Notably, Yannong 999, containing By8 + Dx5 + Dy10, and Jinan 17 containing By8 + Dy12 both meet the national standard for high-quality wheat and belong to the category of first-class high-quality strong gluten wheat. Discussion These findings can provide reference for wheat quality improvement and popularization in the production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sun
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Yanjun Mu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Jiatong Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Tangyu Yuan
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Ningning Yu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaozhe Xu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Linzhi Li
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Yuli Jin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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Sakr HF, Sirasanagandla SR, Das S, Bima AI, Elsamanoudy AZ. Insulin Resistance and Hypertension: Mechanisms Involved and Modifying Factors for Effective Glucose Control. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2271. [PMID: 37626767 PMCID: PMC10452601 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors such as aging, an unhealthy lifestyle with decreased physical activity, snacking, a standard Western diet, and smoking contribute to raising blood pressure to a dangerous level, increasing the risk of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Atherosclerosis, or aging of the blood vessels, is a physiological process that has accelerated in the last decades by the overconsumption of carbohydrates as the primary sources of caloric intake, resulting in increased triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol and insulin spikes. Classically, medications ranging from beta blockers to angiotensin II blockers and even calcium channel blockers were used alone or in combination with lifestyle modifications as management tools in modern medicine to control arterial blood pressure. However, it is not easy to control blood pressure or the associated complications. A low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet can reduce glucose and insulin spikes, improve insulin sensitivity, and lessen atherosclerosis risk factors. We reviewed articles describing the etiology of insulin resistance (IR) and its impact on arterial blood pressure from databases including PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar. We discuss how the LCHF diet is beneficial to maintaining arterial blood pressure at normal levels, slowing down the progression of atherosclerosis, and reducing the use of antihypertensive medications. The mechanisms involved in IR associated with hypertension are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein F. Sakr
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; (S.R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; (S.R.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Abdulhadi I. Bima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.B.); (A.Z.E.)
| | - Ayman Z. Elsamanoudy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.B.); (A.Z.E.)
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Dai S, Xu D, Yan Y, Wen Z, Zhang J, Chen H, Lu Z, Li H, Cong H, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Yan Z. Characterization of high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits from Chinese Xinjiang wheat landraces and historical varieties. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:3823-3835. [PMID: 32904055 PMCID: PMC7447723 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Landraces and historical varieties are necessary germplasms for genetic improvement of modern cereals. Allelic variations at the Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci in 300 common wheat landraces and 43 historical varieties from Xinjiang, China, were evaluated by Sodium-dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and allele-specific molecular markers. Among the materials investigated, three, nine, and seven alleles were identified from the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci, respectively, and a total of 26 high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) combinations were found, of which 18 combinations were identified in landraces and historical varieties. Allelic frequency of HMW-GS combinations null, 7 + 8, 2 + 12 was found to be the highest in both the landraces (63.3%) and historical varieties (39.5%). Besides, some distinctive HMW-GS alleles, such as the novel Glu-B1 allele 6.1* + 8.1* and Glu-D1 alleles 2.6 + 12, 2.1 + 10.1, and 5** + 10 were observed in Xinjiang wheat landraces. Among the Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci of landraces and historical varieties, a total of eight and nine alleles were found, respectively. At each locus, two novel alleles were identified. A total of 33 low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) combinations of Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 were identified, with 31 and 14 combinations occurring in landraces and historical varieties, respectively, but only 10 combinations shared by both of them. As Glu-D1, Glu-A3, and Glu-B3 have highest contribution to the end-use quality and processing properties as compared to Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D3 locus, the novel or distinctive HMW-GS and LMW-GS alleles in these loci could potentially be utilized for the improvement in the quality of modern wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufen Dai
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Yan
- Research Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, 830091 Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous District People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaojin Wen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- Research Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, 830091 Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous District People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zifeng Lu
- Research Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, 830091 Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous District People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Cong
- Research Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, 830091 Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous District People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zehong Yan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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Jang YR, Cho K, Kim SW, Altenbach SB, Lim SH, Sim JR, Lee JY. Development of an Optimized MALDI-TOF-MS Method for High-Throughput Identification of High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits in Wheat. Molecules 2020; 25:E4347. [PMID: 32971947 PMCID: PMC7571055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) are important contributors to wheat end-use quality, there is a need for high-throughput identification of HMW-GS in wheat genetic resources and breeding lines. We developed an optimized method using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to distinguish individual HMW-GS by considering the effects of the alkylating reagent in protein extraction, solvent components, dissolving volume, and matrix II components. Using the optimized method, 18 of 22 HMW-GS were successfully identified in standard wheat cultivars by differences in molecular weights or by their associations with other tightly linked subunits. Interestingly, 1Bx7 subunits were divided into 1Bx7 group 1 and 1Bx7 group 2 proteins with molecular weights of about 82,400 and 83,000 Da, respectively. Cultivars containing the 1Bx7 group 2 proteins were distinguished from those containing 1Bx7OE using well-known DNA markers. HMW-GS 1Ax2* and 1Bx6 and 1By8 and 1By8*, which are difficult to distinguish due to very similar molecular weights, were easily identified using RP-HPLC. To validate the method, HMW-GS from 38 Korean wheat varieties previously evaluated by SDS-PAGE combined with RP-HPLC were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS. The optimized MALDI-TOF-MS method will be a rapid, high-throughput tool for selecting lines containing desirable HMW-GS for breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ran Jang
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-R.J.); (S.W.K.); (J.-R.S.)
| | - Kyoungwon Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea;
| | - Se Won Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-R.J.); (S.W.K.); (J.-R.S.)
| | - Susan B. Altenbach
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea;
| | - Jae-Ryeong Sim
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-R.J.); (S.W.K.); (J.-R.S.)
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-R.J.); (S.W.K.); (J.-R.S.)
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Huang L, He Y, Jin Y, Wang F, He J, Feng L, Liu D, Wu B. Characterization of novel LMW glutenin subunit genes at the Glu-M3 locus from Aegilops comosa. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:379. [PMID: 30148029 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the characterization of seven novel low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes from Aegilops comosa (2n = 2x = 14, MM). We found that all seven LMW-GS genes possessed the same primary structure shared by other known LMW-GSs. Three genes (comosa-M1, comosa-M2, and comosa-M3) encode LMW-m-type subunits, two (comosa-I1 and comosa-I2) encode LWM-i-type subunits, and two (comosa-L1 and comosa-L2) encode LWM-l-type subunits. The comosa-M1 possessed seven cysteine residues, which resulted from a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the G-A transition in the fifth position of the N-terminal sequence. Two l-type subunits, comosa-L1 and comosa-L2, contained nine cysteine residues with an extra cysteine residue located in the signal peptide and repetitive domain. In addition, a long insertion of 13 residues (LGQQPQ8/LVQQPQ8) was present in the end of the C-terminal II. Phylogenetic analysis implied that the comosa-L2 may be the intermediate type during the evolution of LMW-l and LMW-i-type genes. Our results demonstrated that the novel LMW-GSs, such as comosa-M1, comosa-L1, and comosa-L2, may have positive effects on dough properties.
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Beom HR, Kim JS, Jang YR, Lim SH, Kim CK, Lee CK, Lee JY. Proteomic analysis of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits and relationship with their genes in a common wheat variety. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:56. [PMID: 29354367 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-1081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies on low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) function have been reported, a comprehensive comparison between specific genes and their protein product is still lacking. This study aimed to link the 43 genes isolated from the Korean wheat variety "Jokyoung" in the authors' previous study to their protein products. Proteins were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) and identified by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) at the gene haplotype level. Using MS/MS analysis of 17 protein spots, two spots were identified in the Glu-A3 locus and the corresponding haplotype was GluA3-13(Glu-A3c). Six spots were identified in the Glu-B3 locus and the corresponding haplotypes were GluB3-33 and GluB3-43 (Glu-B3h). Eight spots were identified in the Glu-D3 locus and the corresponding haplotypes were GluD3-11, GluD3-21, GluD3-31, GluD3-5, and GluD3-6 (Glu-D3a), and one spot was contaminated with gamma gliadin. Phylogenetic analysis and alignment of nucleotide and amino acid sequences assigned 35 of the 43 genes to seven haplotypes: GluA3-13, GluB3-43, GluD3-11, GluD3-21, GluD3-31, GluD3-42, and GluD3-5. Taken together, except for GluB3-33 and GluD3-6, which were not isolated, linking of each gene to the corresponding protein products at the gene haplotype level was accomplished using proteomic tools and phylogenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rang Beom
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju, 54874 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju, 54874 Republic of Korea
| | - You-Ran Jang
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju, 54874 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju, 54874 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kug Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju, 54874 Republic of Korea
| | - Choung Keun Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju, 54874 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju, 54874 Republic of Korea
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Lee JY, Kang CS, Beom HR, Jang YR, Altenbach SB, Lim SH, Kim YM, Park CS. Characterization of a wheat mutant missing low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits encoded by the B-genome. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Peng Y, Yu Z, Islam S, Zhang Y, Wang X, Lei Z, Yu K, Sun D, Ma W. Allelic variation of LMW-GS composition in Chinese wheat landraces of the Yangtze-River region detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. BREEDING SCIENCE 2016; 66:646-652. [PMID: 27795690 PMCID: PMC5010313 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.16050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight glutenin subunits are important components of wheat storage proteins, which play an important role in determining end-use quality of common wheat. A newly established matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) procedure was used to analyze 478 landraces of bread wheat collected from the Yangtze-River region in China. Results indicated that 17 alleles at three loci: Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 were identified, resulting in 87 different allele combinations. Of the 17 alleles detected at all the Glu-3 loci, five belonged to Glu-A3, seven to Glu-B3 and five to Glu-D3 locus. MALDI-TOF-MS indicated Glu-A3a/c was present in 72.8%, Glu-A3b in 8.4%, Glu-A3d in 8.4%, Glu-A3f in 5.2% and Glu-A3e in 3.6% lines. Seven types of alleles were identified at the Glu-B3 locus: Glu-B3d/i (25.5%), Glu-B3b (21.3%), Glu-B3c (16.9%), Glu-B3h (13.8%), Glu-B3f (8.4%), Glu-B3a (8.2%), and Glu-B3g (5.2%). Five types of Glu-D3 alleles were detected: Glu-D3a (58.4%), Glu-D3c (22.6%), Glu-D3d (15.5%), Glu-D3b (3.3%) and Glu-D3f (0.2%). Four new alleles that showed abnormal MALDI-TOF spectrum patterns were identified at the Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci. A detailed study is needed to further characterize these alleles and their potential usage for wheat improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Peng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,
Wuhan 430070,
China
- State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch Unievrsity,
WA 6150,
Australia
- Australian Export Grain Innovation Centre,
Perth, WA 6150,
Australia
| | - Zitong Yu
- State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch Unievrsity,
WA 6150,
Australia
- Australian Export Grain Innovation Centre,
Perth, WA 6150,
Australia
| | - Shahidul Islam
- State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch Unievrsity,
WA 6150,
Australia
- Australian Export Grain Innovation Centre,
Perth, WA 6150,
Australia
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch Unievrsity,
WA 6150,
Australia
- Australian Export Grain Innovation Centre,
Perth, WA 6150,
Australia
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch Unievrsity,
WA 6150,
Australia
- Australian Export Grain Innovation Centre,
Perth, WA 6150,
Australia
| | - Zhensheng Lei
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Zhengzhou 450002,
China
| | - Kan Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,
Wuhan 430070,
China
| | - Dongfa Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,
Wuhan 430070,
China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry,
Jingzhou 434025,
China
| | - Wujun Ma
- State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch Unievrsity,
WA 6150,
Australia
- Australian Export Grain Innovation Centre,
Perth, WA 6150,
Australia
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Low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene Glu-B3h confers superior dough strength and breadmaking quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sci Rep 2016; 6:27182. [PMID: 27273251 PMCID: PMC4895167 DOI: 10.1038/srep27182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight glutenin subunit is one of the important quality elements in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Although considerable allelic variation has been identified, the functional properties of individual alleles at Glu-3 loci are less studied. In this work, we performed the first comprehensive study on the molecular characteristics and functional properties of the Glu-B3h gene using the wheat cultivar CB037B and its Glu-B3 deletion line CB037C. The results showed that the Glu-B3h deletion had no significant effects on plant morphological or yield traits, but resulted in a clear reduction in protein body number and size and main quality parameters, including inferior mixing property, dough strength, loaf volume, and score. Molecular characterization showed that the Glu-B3h gene consists of 1179 bp, and its encoded B-subunit has a longer repetitive domain and an increased number of α-helices, as well as higher expression, which could contribute to superior flour quality. The SNP-based allele-specific PCR markers designed for the Glu-B3h gene were developed and validated with bread wheat holding various alleles at Glu-B3 locus, which could effectively distinguish the Glu-B3h gene from others at the Glu-B3 locus, and have potential applications for wheat quality improvement through marker-assisted selection.
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Comprehensive identification of LMW-GS genes and their protein products in a common wheat variety. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 16:269-79. [PMID: 26882917 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well known that low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) from wheat affect bread and noodle processing quality, the function of specific LMW-GS proteins remains unclear. It is important to find the genes that correspond to individual LMW-GS proteins in order to understand the functions of specific proteins. The objective of this study was to link LMW-GS genes and haplotypes characterized using well known Glu-A3, Glu-B3, and Glu-D3 gene-specific primers to their protein products in a single wheat variety. A total of 36 LMW-GS genes and pseudogenes were amplified from the Korean cultivar Keumkang. These include 11 Glu-3 gene haplotypes, two from the Glu-A3 locus, two from the Glu-B3 locus, and seven from the Glu-D3 locus. To establish relationships between gene haplotypes and their protein products, a glutenin protein fraction was separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) and 17 protein spots were analyzed by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). LMW-GS proteins were identified that corresponded to all Glu-3 gene haplotypes except the pseudogenes. This is the first report of the comprehensive characterization of LMW-GS genes and their corresponding proteins in a single wheat cultivar. Our approach will be useful to understand the contributions of individual LMW-GS to the end-use quality of flour.
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Peng Y, Yu K, Zhang Y, Islam S, Sun D, Ma W. Two Novel Y-Type High Molecular Weight Glutenin Genes in Chinese Wheat Landraces of the Yangtze-River Region. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142348. [PMID: 26540300 PMCID: PMC4635010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) are key determinants for the end-use quality of wheat. Chinese wheat landraces are an important resource for exploring novel HMW-GS genes to improve the wheat baking quality. Two novel Glu-1Dy HMW-GSs (designated as 1Dy12.6 and 1Dy12.7) were identified and cloned from two Chinese wheat landraces Huazhong830 and Luosimai. The 1Dy12.6 and 1Dy12.7 subunits were deposited as the NCBInr Acc. No KR262518, and KR262519, respectively. The full open reading frames (ORFs) of 1Dy12.6 and 1Dy12.7 were 2022 bp and 1977 bp, encoding for proteins of 673 and 658 amino acid residues, respectively. Each contains four typical primary regions of HMW-GSs (a signal peptide, N- and C-terminal regions, and a central repetitive region). Their deduced molecular masses (70,165 Da and 68,400 Da) were strikingly consistent with those identified by MALDI-TOF-MS (69,985Da and 68,407 Da). The 1Dy12.6 is the largest 1Dy glutenin subunits cloned in common wheat up to date, containing longer repetitive central domains than other 1Dy encoded proteins. In comparison with the most similar active 1Dy alleles previously reported, the newly discovered alleles contained a total of 20 SNPs and 3 indels. The secondary structure prediction indicated that 1Dy12.6 and 1Dy12.7 have similar proportion of α-helix, β-turn, and β-bend to those of 1Dy10 (X12929). The phylogenetic analysis illustrated that the x- and y-type subunits of glutenins were well separated, but both 1Dy12.6 and 1Dy12.7 were clustered with the other Glu-1Dy alleles. Our results revealed that the 1Dy12.6 and 1Dy12.7 subunit have potential to strengthen gluten polymer interactions, and are valuable genetic resources for wheat quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Peng
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
- Australia Export Grains Innovation Centre (AEGIC), Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Kan Yu
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
- Australia Export Grains Innovation Centre (AEGIC), Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Shahidul Islam
- State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
- Australia Export Grains Innovation Centre (AEGIC), Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Dongfa Sun
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
- Australia Export Grains Innovation Centre (AEGIC), Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
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Li Z, Si H, Xia Y, Ma C. Influence of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes at Glu-A3 locus on wheat sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume and solvent retention capacity value. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2047-2052. [PMID: 25242114 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand the effect of low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin alleles at the Glu-A3 locus on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation volume and solvent retention capacity (SRC) values, 244 accessions of Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mini core collections were investigated. In this study the significant differences in wholemeal flour SDS sedimentation volume and SRC values associated with specific glutenin alleles at the Glu-A3 locus were explained. RESULTS Seven glutenin alleles at the Glu-A3 locus were confirmed by locus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). SDS sedimentation volume and lactic acid SRC value were significantly affected by alleles Glu-A3b and Glu-A3g. Based on total average values, 28 varieties carrying Glu-A3b had significantly higher means of SDS sedimentation volume and lactic acid SRC value, whereas 19 varieties carrying Glu-A3g had significantly lower means. Alleles Glu-A3d and Glu-A3f significantly increased only SDS sedimentation volume and sucrose SRC value respectively. Correlation analysis showed that SDS sedimentation volume was uncorrelated with lactic acid SRC and sucrose SRC values. CONCLUSION The Glu-A3 LMW glutenin subunit could predict 12.8% of the variance in SDS sedimentation volume, 4.7% in lactic acid SRC and 6.4% in sucrose SRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hongqi Si
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley Wheat Zone, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yunxiang Xia
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley Wheat Zone, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230036, China
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Zhen S, Han C, Ma C, Gu A, Zhang M, Shen X, Li X, Yan Y. Deletion of the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit allele Glu-A3a of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) significantly reduces dough strength and breadmaking quality. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:367. [PMID: 25524150 PMCID: PMC4275963 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), encoded by Glu-3 complex loci in hexaploid wheat, play important roles in the processing quality of wheat flour. To date, the molecular characteristics and effects on dough quality of individual Glu-3 alleles and their encoding proteins have been poorly studied. We used a Glu-A3 deletion line of the Chinese Spring (CS-n) wheat variety to conduct the first comprehensive study on the molecular characteristics and functional properties of the LMW-GS allele Glu-A3a. RESULTS The Glu-A3a allele at the Glu-A3 locus in CS and its deletion in CS-n were identified and characterized by proteome and molecular marker methods. The deletion of Glu-A3a had no significant influence on plant morphological and yield traits, but significantly reduced the dough strength and breadmaking quality compared to CS. The complete sequence of the Glu-A3a allele was cloned and characterized, which was found to encode a B-subunit with longer repetitive domains and an increased number of α-helices. The Glu-A3a-encoded B-subunit showed a higher expression level and accumulation rate during grain development. These characteristics of the Glu-A3a allele could contribute to achieving superior gluten quality and demonstrate its potential application to wheat quality improvement. Furthermore, an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) marker for the Glu-A3a allele was developed and validated using different bread wheat cultivars, including near-isogenic lines (NILs) and recombinant inbred lines (RILs), which could be used as an effective molecular marker for gluten quality improvement through marker-assisted selection. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrated that the LMW-GS allele Glu-A3a encodes a specific LMW-i type B-subunit that significantly affects wheat dough strength and breadmaking quality. The Glu-A3a-encoded B-subunit has a long repetitive domain and more α-helix structures as well as a higher expression level and accumulation rate during grain development, which could facilitate the formation of wheat with a stronger dough structure and superior breadmaking quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumin Zhen
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Proteomics, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Proteomics, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Chaoying Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Proteomics, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Aiqin Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Proteomics, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Proteomics, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Xixi Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Proteomics, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Proteomics, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Yueming Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Proteomics, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
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Rasheed A, Xia X, Yan Y, Appels R, Mahmood T, He Z. Wheat seed storage proteins: Advances in molecular genetics, diversity and breeding applications. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Zhang X, Liu D, Zhang J, Jiang W, Luo G, Yang W, Sun J, Tong Y, Cui D, Zhang A. Novel insights into the composition, variation, organization, and expression of the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene family in common wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:2027-40. [PMID: 23536608 PMCID: PMC3638834 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), encoded by a complex multigene family, play an important role in the processing quality of wheat flour. Although members of this gene family have been identified in several wheat varieties, the allelic variation and composition of LMW-GS genes in common wheat are not well understood. In the present study, using the LMW-GS gene molecular marker system and the full-length gene cloning method, a comprehensive molecular analysis of LMW-GS genes was conducted in a representative population, the micro-core collections (MCC) of Chinese wheat germplasm. Generally, >15 LMW-GS genes were identified from individual MCC accessions, of which 4-6 were located at the Glu-A3 locus, 3-5 at the Glu-B3 locus, and eight at the Glu-D3 locus. LMW-GS genes at the Glu-A3 locus showed the highest allelic diversity, followed by the Glu-B3 genes, while the Glu-D3 genes were extremely conserved among MCC accessions. Expression and sequence analysis showed that 9-13 active LMW-GS genes were present in each accession. Sequence identity analysis showed that all i-type genes present at the Glu-A3 locus formed a single group, the s-type genes located at Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 loci comprised a unique group, while high-diversity m-type genes were classified into four groups and detected in all Glu-3 loci. These results contribute to the functional analysis of LMW-GS genes and facilitate improvement of bread-making quality by wheat molecular breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guangbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dangqun Cui
- Department of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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16
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Zhang X, Jin H, Zhang Y, Liu D, Li G, Xia X, He Z, Zhang A. Composition and functional analysis of low-molecular-weight glutenin alleles with Aroona near-isogenic lines of bread wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:243. [PMID: 23259617 PMCID: PMC3562532 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) strongly influence the bread-making quality of bread wheat. These proteins are encoded by a multi-gene family located at the Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 loci on the short arms of homoeologous group 1 chromosomes, and show high allelic variation. To characterize the genetic and protein compositions of LMW-GS alleles, we investigated 16 Aroona near-isogenic lines (NILs) using SDS-PAGE, 2D-PAGE and the LMW-GS gene marker system. Moreover, the composition of glutenin macro-polymers, dough properties and pan bread quality parameters were determined for functional analysis of LMW-GS alleles in the NILs. RESULTS Using the LMW-GS gene marker system, 14-20 LMW-GS genes were identified in individual NILs. At the Glu-A3 locus, two m-type and 2-4 i-type genes were identified and their allelic variants showed high polymorphisms in length and nucleotide sequences. The Glu-A3d allele possessed three active genes, the highest number among Glu-A3 alleles. At the Glu-B3 locus, 2-3 m-type and 1-3 s-type genes were identified from individual NILs. Based on the different compositions of s-type genes, Glu-B3 alleles were divided into two groups, one containing Glu-B3a, B3b, B3f and B3g, and the other comprising Glu-B3c, B3d, B3h and B3i. Eight conserved genes were identified among Glu-D3 alleles, except for Glu-D3f. The protein products of the unique active genes in each NIL were detected using protein electrophoresis. Among Glu-3 alleles, the Glu-A3e genotype without i-type LMW-GS performed worst in almost all quality properties. Glu-B3b, B3g and B3i showed better quality parameters than the other Glu-B3 alleles, whereas the Glu-B3c allele containing s-type genes with low expression levels had an inferior effect on bread-making quality. Due to the conserved genes at Glu-D3 locus, Glu-D3 alleles showed no significant differences in effects on all quality parameters. CONCLUSIONS This work provided new insights into the composition and function of 18 LMW-GS alleles in bread wheat. The variation of i-type genes mainly contributed to the high diversity of Glu-A3 alleles, and the differences among Glu-B3 alleles were mainly derived from the high polymorphism of s-type genes. Among LMW-GS alleles, Glu-A3e and Glu-B3c represented inferior alleles for bread-making quality, whereas Glu-A3d, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3g and Glu-B3i were correlated with superior bread-making quality. Glu-D3 alleles played minor roles in determining quality variation in bread wheat. Thus, LMW-GS alleles not only affect dough extensibility but greatly contribute to the dough resistance, glutenin macro-polymers and bread quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Genying Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, c/o CAAS, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Beijing, 100101, China
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17
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Zhang X, Liu D, Jiang W, Guo X, Yang W, Sun J, Ling H, Zhang A. PCR-based isolation and identification of full-length low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2011; 123:1293-305. [PMID: 21830110 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) are encoded by a multi-gene family and are essential for determining the quality of wheat flour products, such as bread and noodles. However, the exact role or contribution of individual LMW-GS genes to wheat quality remains unclear. This is, at least in part, due to the difficulty in characterizing complete sequences of all LMW-GS gene family members in bread wheat. To identify full-length LMW-GS genes, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was established, consisting of newly designed conserved primers and the previously developed LMW-GS gene molecular marker system. Using the PCR-based method, 17 LMW-GS genes were identified and characterized in Xiaoyan 54, of which 12 contained full-length sequences. Sequence alignments showed that 13 LMW-GS genes were identical to those found in Xiaoyan 54 using the genomic DNA library screening, and the other four full-length LMW-GS genes were first isolated from Xiaoyan 54. In Chinese Spring, 16 unique LMW-GS genes were isolated, and 13 of them contained full-length coding sequences. Additionally, 16 and 17 LMW-GS genes in Dongnong 101 and Lvhan 328 (chosen from the micro-core collections of Chinese germplasm), respectively, were also identified. Sequence alignments revealed that at least 15 LMW-GS genes were common in the four wheat varieties, and allelic variants of each gene shared high sequence identities (>95%) but exhibited length polymorphism in repetitive regions. This study provides a PCR-based method for efficiently identifying LMW-GS genes in bread wheat, which will improve the characterization of complex members of the LMW-GS gene family and facilitate the understanding of their contributions to wheat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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18
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Ram S, Sharma S, Verma A, Tyagi BS, Peña RJ. Comparative analyses of LMW glutenin alleles in bread wheat using allele-specific PCR and SDS-PAGE. J Cereal Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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19
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Zhang X, Liu D, Yang W, Liu K, Sun J, Guo X, Li Y, Wang D, Ling H, Zhang A. Development of a new marker system for identifying the complex members of the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene family in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2011; 122:1503-16. [PMID: 21344181 PMCID: PMC3082022 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) play an important role in determining the bread-making quality of bread wheat. However, LMW-GSs display high polymorphic protein complexes encoded by multiple genes, and elucidating the complex LMW-GS gene family in bread wheat remains challenging. In the present study, using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with conserved primers and high-resolution capillary electrophoresis, we developed a new molecular marker system for identifying LMW-GS gene family members. Based on sequence alignment of 13 LMW-GS genes previously identified in the Chinese bread wheat variety Xiaoyan 54 and other genes available in GenBank, PCR primers were developed and assigned to conserved sequences spanning the length polymorphism regions of LMW-GS genes. After PCR amplification, 17 DNA fragments in Xiaoyan 54 were detected using capillary electrophoresis. In total, 13 fragments were identical to previously identified LMW-GS genes, and the other 4 were derived from unique LMW-GS genes by sequencing. This marker system was also used to identify LMW-GS genes in Chinese Spring and its group 1 nulli-tetrasomic lines. Among the 17 detected DNA fragments, 4 were located on chromosome 1A, 5 on 1B, and 8 on 1D. The results suggest that this marker system is useful for large-scale identification of LMW-GS genes in bread wheat varieties, and for the selection of desirable LMW-GS genes to improve the bread-making quality in wheat molecular breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Kunfan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu 1, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hongqing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
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20
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Wang K, Gao L, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang M, Xie Z, Yan Y, Belgard M, Ma W. Phylogenetic relationship of a new class of LMW-GS genes in the M genome of Aegilops comosa. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2011; 122:1411-1425. [PMID: 21301802 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new class of low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes was isolated and characterized from Aegilops comosa (2n = 2x = 14, MM). Although their DNA structure displayed high similarity to LMW-i type genes, there are some key differences. The deduced amino acid sequences of their mature proteins showed that the first amino acid residue of each gene was leucine and therefore they were designated as LMW-l type subunits. An extra cysteine residue was present in the signal peptide and the first cysteine residue of mature proteins located at the end of repetitive domain. Additionally, a long insertion of 10-22 residues (LGQQPQ(5-17)) occurred in the end of the C-terminal II. Comparative analysis demonstrated that LMW-l type glutenin genes possessed a great number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions. A new classification system was proposed according to the gene structure and phylogenetic analysis. In this new system, LMW-GS is classified into two major classes, LMW-M and LMW-I, with each including two subclasses. The former included LMW-m and LMW-s types while the latter contained LMW-l and LMW-i types. Analysis of their evolutionary origin showed that the LMW-l genes diverged from the group 2 of LMW-m type genes at about 12-14 million years ago (MYA) while LMW-i type evolved from LMW-l type at approximately 8-12 MYA. The LMW-s type was a variant form of group 1 of LMW-m type and their divergence occurred about 4-6 MYA. In addition to homologous recombination, non-homologous illegitimate recombination could be an important molecular mechanism for the origin and evolution of LMW-GS gene family. The secondary structure prediction suggested that the novel LMW-l type subunits, such as AcLMW-L1 and AcLMW-L2, may have positive effects on dough properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
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Polishchuk AM, Chebotar SV, Blagodarova EM, Kozub NA, Sozinov IA, Sivolap YM. PCR analysis of the wheat varieties and near-isogenic wheat lines with the use of allele-specific primers for the Gli-1 and Glu-3 loci. CYTOL GENET+ 2010. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452710060046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Dong L, Zhang X, Liu D, Fan H, Sun J, Zhang Z, Qin H, Li B, Hao S, Li Z, Wang D, Zhang A, Ling HQ. New insights into the organization, recombination, expression and functional mechanism of low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in bread wheat. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13548. [PMID: 20975830 PMCID: PMC2958824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The bread-making quality of wheat is strongly influenced by multiple low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) proteins expressed in the seeds. However, the organization, recombination and expression of LMW-GS genes and their functional mechanism in bread-making are not well understood. Here we report a systematic molecular analysis of LMW-GS genes located at the orthologous Glu-3 loci (Glu-A3, B3 and D3) of bread wheat using complementary approaches (genome wide characterization of gene members, expression profiling, proteomic analysis). Fourteen unique LMW-GS genes were identified for Xiaoyan 54 (with superior bread-making quality). Molecular mapping and recombination analyses revealed that the three Glu-3 loci of Xiaoyan 54 harbored dissimilar numbers of LMW-GS genes and covered different genetic distances. The number of expressed LMW-GS in the seeds was higher in Xiaoyan 54 than in Jing 411 (with relatively poor bread-making quality). This correlated with the finding of higher numbers of active LMW-GS genes at the A3 and D3 loci in Xiaoyan 54. Association analysis using recombinant inbred lines suggested that positive interactions, conferred by genetic combinations of the Glu-3 locus alleles with more numerous active LMW-GS genes, were generally important for the recombinant progenies to attain high Zeleny sedimentation value (ZSV), an important indicator of bread-making quality. A higher number of active LMW-GS genes tended to lead to a more elevated ZSV, although this tendency was influenced by genetic background. This work provides substantial new insights into the genomic organization and expression of LMW-GS genes, and molecular genetic evidence suggesting that these genes contribute quantitatively to bread-making quality in hexaploid wheat. Our analysis also indicates that selection for high numbers of active LMW-GS genes can be used for improvement of bread-making quality in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huajie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanju Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanting Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhensheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HQL); (AZ); (DW)
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HQL); (AZ); (DW)
| | - Hong-Qing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HQL); (AZ); (DW)
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23
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Gene networks in the synthesis and deposition of protein polymers during grain development of wheat. Funct Integr Genomics 2010; 11:23-35. [PMID: 20960020 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-010-0196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As the amino acid storing organelle, the protein bodies provide nutrients for embryo development, seed germination and early seedling growth through storage proteolysis in cereal plants, such as wheat and rice. In protein bodies, the monomeric and polymeric prolamins, i.e. gliadins and glutenins, form gluten and play a key role in determining dough functionality and end-product quality of wheat. The formation of intra- and intermolecular bonds, including disulphide and tyrosine bonds, in and between prolamins confers cohesivity, viscosity, elasticity and extensibility to wheat dough during mixing and processing. In this review, we summarize recent progress in wheat gluten research with a focus on the fundamental molecular biological aspects, including transcriptional regulation on genes coding for prolamin components, biosynthesis, deposition and secretion of protein polymers, formation of protein bodies, genetic control of seed storage proteins, the transportation of the protein bodies and key enzymes for determining the formation of disulphide bonds of prolamin polymers.
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24
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Li XH, Wang K, Wang SL, Gao LY, Xie XX, Hsam SLK, Zeller FJ, Yan YM. Molecular characterization and comparative transcriptional analysis of LMW-m-type genes from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Aegilops species. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 121:845-56. [PMID: 20490445 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Twelve new LMW-GS genes were characterized from bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Zhongyou 9507 and five Aegilops species by AS-PCR. These genes belong to the LMW-m type and can be classified into two subclasses designated as 1 and 2, with the latter predominant in both wheat and related wild species. Genes in the two subclasses were significantly different from each other in SNPs and InDels variations. In comparison to subclass 1, the structural features of subclass 2 differs in possessing 21 amino acid residue substitutions, two fragment deletions (each with 7 amino acid residues), and a double-residue deletion and two fragment insertions (12 and 2-5 residues). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two subclasses were divergent at about 6.8 MYA, earlier than the divergence of C, M, N, S(s) and U genomes. The S(s) and B genomes displayed a very close relationship, whereas the C, M, N and U genomes appeared to be related to the D genome of bread wheat. The presently characterized genes ZyLMW-m1 and ZyLMW-m2 from Zhongyou 9507 were assigned to the D genome. Moreover, these genes were expressed successfully in Escherichia coli. Their transcriptional levels during grain developmental stages detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that both genes started to express at 5 days post-anthesis (DPA), reaching the maximum at 14 DPA after which their expressions decreased. Furthermore, the expression level of ZyLMW-m2 genes was much higher than that of ZyLMW-m1 during all grain developmental stages, suggesting that the expression efficiency of LMW-GS genes between the two subclasses was highly discrepant.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
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25
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Liu L, Ikeda TM, Branlard G, Peña RJ, Rogers WJ, Lerner SE, Kolman MA, Xia X, Wang L, Ma W, Appels R, Yoshida H, Wang A, Yan Y, He Z. Comparison of low molecular weight glutenin subunits identified by SDS-PAGE, 2-DE, MALDI-TOF-MS and PCR in common wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:124. [PMID: 20573275 PMCID: PMC3017774 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) play a crucial role in determining end-use quality of common wheat by influencing the viscoelastic properties of dough. Four different methods - sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE, IEF x SDS-PAGE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were used to characterize the LMW-GS composition in 103 cultivars from 12 countries. RESULTS At the Glu-A3 locus, all seven alleles could be reliably identified by 2-DE and PCR. However, the alleles Glu-A3e and Glu-A3d could not be routinely distinguished from Glu-A3f and Glu-A3g, respectively, based on SDS-PAGE, and the allele Glu-A3a could not be differentiated from Glu-A3c by MALDI-TOF-MS. At the Glu-B3 locus, alleles Glu-B3a, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3c, Glu-B3g, Glu-B3h and Glu-B3j could be clearly identified by all four methods, whereas Glu-B3ab, Glu-B3ac, Glu-B3ad could only be identified by the 2-DE method. At the Glu-D3 locus, allelic identification was problematic for the electrophoresis based methods and PCR. MALDI-TOF-MS has the potential to reliably identify the Glu-D3 alleles. CONCLUSIONS PCR is the simplest, most accurate, lowest cost, and therefore recommended method for identification of Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 alleles in breeding programs. A combination of methods was required to identify certain alleles, and would be especially useful when characterizing new alleles. A standard set of 30 cultivars for use in future studies was chosen to represent all LMW-GS allelic variants in the collection. Among them, Chinese Spring, Opata 85, Seri 82 and Pavon 76 were recommended as a core set for use in SDS-PAGE gels. Glu-D3c and Glu-D3e are the same allele. Two new alleles, namely, Glu-D3m in cultivar Darius, and Glu-D3n in Fengmai 27, were identified by 2-DE. Utilization of the suggested standard cultivar set, seed of which is available from the CIMMYT and INRA Clermont-Ferrand germplasm collections, should also promote information sharing in the identification of individual LMW-GS and thus provide useful information for quality improvement in common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center/The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tatsuya M Ikeda
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 721-8514, Japan
| | - Gerard Branlard
- INRA Station d'Amelioration des Plantes, Domaine de Crouelle, 63039 Clermont- Ferrand, France
| | - Roberto J Peña
- CIMMYT Mexico, Apdo, Postal, 6-641, 06600, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - William J Rogers
- CIISAS, CICPBA-BIOLAB AZUL, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Av. República Italia 780, C.C. 47, (7300), Azul, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. CONICET INBA -CEBB-MdP
| | - Silvia E Lerner
- CRESCAA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Av. República Italia 780, C.C. 47, (7300), Azul, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María A Kolman
- CIISAS, CICPBA-BIOLAB AZUL, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Av. República Italia 780, C.C. 47, (7300), Azul, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. CONICET INBA -CEBB-MdP
| | - Xianchun Xia
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center/The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Linhai Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center/The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- Western Australia Department of Agriculture and Food, State Agriculture Biotechnology Center, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Rudi Appels
- Western Australia Department of Agriculture and Food, State Agriculture Biotechnology Center, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Hisashi Yoshida
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8517, Japan
| | - Aili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan Beilu, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yueming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuan Beilu, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center/The National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, c/o CAAS, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
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26
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Wang LH, Zhou M, Li HL, He ZH, Xia XC. [Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes at Glu-B3 locus in common wheat relative species]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2010; 32:613-624. [PMID: 20566466 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2010.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The common wheat relative species are important germplasm for wheat breeding. In the present study, novel allelic variants at Glu-B3 locus were cloned to provide gene resources for wheat quality improvement. Four Glu-B3-locus specific primer sets LB1F/LB1R, LB2F/LB2R, LB3F/LB3R, and LB4F/LB4R were employed to isolate novel allelic variants of GluB3-1, GluB3-2, GluB3-3, and GluB3-4 from seven common wheat relative species, i.e., T. durum, T. dicoccum, T. dicoccoides, Aegilops longissima, Ae. searsii, Ae. Bicornis, and Ae. speltoides, and the software MEGA 4 was used to construct a phylogenetic tree. In total, 16 novel allelic variants of GluB3-1, GluB3-3, and GluB3-4 genes were isolated from the seven common wheat relative species, designated GluB3-16, GluB3-35, GluB3-36, GluB3-37, GluB3-46, GluB3-47, GluB3-48, GluB3-49, GluB3-410, GluB3-411, GluB3-412, GluB3-413, GluB3-414, GluB3-415, GluB3-416 and GluB3-417, respectively. In detail, GluB3-16 was cloned from T. dicoccoides with LB1F/LB1R, and the molecular weight of the de-duced amino acid was 39.2 kDa. GluB3-35, GluB3-36, and GluB3-37 were isolated from T. durum and T. dicoccum with the primer set LB3F/LB3R, and the molecular weights of their deduced peptides were 44.5 kDa (GluB3-36) and 44.6 kDa (GluB3-35 and GluB3-37). The molecular weight of deduced peptides of GluB3-4 ranged from 38.6 kDa (GluB3-414) to 42.5 kDa (GluB3-413). All the 16 new allelic variants showed a single open reading frame (ORF), and their deduced amino-acid sequences had a typical sequence structure of LMW-GS. The allelic variants at Glu-B3 locus identified in com-mon wheat relative species provide potential gene resources for wheat quality breeding and gene transformation. The results suggested that these Glu-B3 genes originated from different evolution processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hai Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China.
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27
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Wang L, Li G, Peña RJ, Xia X, He Z. Development of STS markers and establishment of multiplex PCR for Glu-A3 alleles in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Cereal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Structural and expressional analysis of the B-hordein genes in Tibetan hull-less barley. Genetica 2009; 138:227-39. [PMID: 19856114 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-009-9415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The B-hordein gene family was analyzed from two Tibetan hull-less barley cultivars Z09 and Z26 (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare). Fourteen B-hordein genes, designated BZ09-2 to BZ09-5 (from Z09) and BZ26-1 to BZ26-10 (from Z26), were sequenced. Seven of them, similar to a previously reported BZ09-1 from Z09, were predicted to encode putative active proteins each with a signal peptide, a repetitive domain, and a C-terminal region; seven of them were predicted to be pseudogenes. The B-hordein gene family was analyzed using all known representatives of B-hordein sequences and two most similar LMW-GSs of Triticum aestivum. Alignment of these seven putative proteins with known B-hordeins and two most similar LMW-GSs of T. aestivum revealed that they shared a common motif. A large variation was observed between numbers of repeat units of predicted B-hordeins of Z26 and Z09. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all BZ26 clones were clustered in a subgroup, and BZ09-1 formed another subgroup by itself in the putative eight active genes. In addition, six 5'-upstream regulatory sequences of the B-hordein genes were isolated from the two accessions by a single oligonucleotide nested PCR, and several different mutations were identified in the cis-acting element GLM and two distinctive sequences (Z09P-2 and Z26P-3). Phylogenetic analysis of 5'-upstream regulatory regions of the B-hordein genes showed that members from the same accession were clustered together except for two distinct members. Quantitative real time PCR analysis indicated distinct expression levels of B-hordein genes in four developing stages of developing grains in two accessions. These findings suggest B-hordein genes have intrinsic differences between accessions, and this knowledge will be useful for incorporating the B-hordeins protein in barley breeding programs.
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29
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Appelbee MJ, Mekuria G, Nagasandra V, Bonneau J, Eagles H, Eastwood R, Mather D. Novel allelic variants encoded at the Glu-D3 locus in bread wheat. J Cereal Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Wang LH, Zhao XL, He ZH, Ma W, Appels R, Peña RJ, Xia XC. Characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit Glu-B3 genes and development of STS markers in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2009; 118:525-39. [PMID: 18989655 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-008-0918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) Glu-B3 has a significant influence on the processing quality of the end-use products of common wheat. To characterize the LMW-GS genes at the Glu-B3 locus, gene-specific PCR primers were designed to amplify eight near-isogenic lines and Cheyenne with different Glu-B3 alleles (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h and i) defined by protein electrophoretic mobility. The complete coding regions of four Glu-B3 genes with complete coding sequence were obtained and designated as GluB3-1, GluB3-2, GluB3-3 and GluB3-4. Ten allele-specific PCR markers designed from the SNPs present in the sequenced variants discriminated the Glu-B3 proteins of electrophoretic mobility alleles a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h and i. These markers were validated on 161 wheat varieties and advanced lines with different Glu-B3 alleles, thus confirming that the markers can be used in marker-assisted breeding for wheat grain processing quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Centre/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China
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31
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Zhao X, Yang Y, He Z, Lei Z, Ma W, Sun Q, Xia X. Characterization of novel LMW-GS genes at Glu-D3 locus on chromosome 1D in Aegilops tauschii. Hereditas 2009; 145:238-50. [PMID: 19076692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2008.02046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to clarify the relationship between LMW-GS Glu-D3 gene of Ae. tauschii registered in GenBank and the six Glu-D3 genes including 12 allelic variants of common wheat characterized in our previous studies, and identify novel Glu-D3 genes and haplotypes from Ae. tauschii using gene specific PCR amplification. By searching the NCBI database, 13 LMW-GS genes/pseudogenes of Ae. tauschii were retrieved and classified into five gene families based on their nucleotide similarity with the six Glu-D3 genes of common wheat. Of them, four Ae. tauschii genes, AY585350, AY585354, AY585355 and AY585356 matched GluD3-4, GluD3-5, GluD3-1 and GluD3-2 of common wheat, respectively, and one pseudogene AY585351 matched to GluD3-6, but none of them matched to GluD3-3. In order to identify the Glu-D3 genes from Ae. tauschii corresponding to GluD3-3 and GluD3-6 of common wheat, gene specific primers were developed to amplify 8-18 Ae. tauschii entries. As a result, two novel Glu-D3 genes, designated as GluDt3-3 and GluDt3-6, were identified. GluDt3-3 showed seven allelic variants or haplotypes at the DNA level in eight Ae. tauschii entries, designated as GluDt3-31, GluDt3-32, GluDt3-33, GluDt3-34, GluDt3-35, GluDt3-36 and GluDt3-37, respectively. Two to eight SNPs were found among the seven haplotypes and 1-4 amino acid substitutions among the deduced peptides. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the DNA similarity was 99.6-99.9% among the seven GluDt3-3 haplotypes, and 99.4-99.7% between these haplotypes and those of common wheat GluD3-3 gene. GluDt3-6 presented seven haplotypes in 18 Ae. tauschii entries, designated as GluDt3-61, GluDt3-62, GluDt3-63, GluDt3-64, GluDt3-65, GluDt3-66 and GluDt3-67, respectively. GluDt3-61 from Ae. tauschii entry Ae38 was the only one haplotype with complete coding sequence, and the other six were all pseudogenes. Compared with GluD3-6 gene of common wheat, GluDt3-61 exhibited a 3-bp insertion, a 42-bp deletion and 11 base substitutions, leading to a glutamine insertion in position 52, 14 amino acid deletion in position 84-97 and 10 amino acid mutations in its deduced peptide; GluDt3-62 and GluDt3-63 showed a 6-bp insertion, a 24-bp deletion and 15-21 base substitutions in coding region, of which a nonsense mutation from C to T at position 622 resulted in pseudogenes; GluDt3-64 had five base substitution, including a nonsense mutation at the position 742. GluDt3-65, GluDt3-66 and GluDt3-67 all had a base deletion at position 247, as well as 7-8 base substitutions, which resulted in frameshift mutations in the three haplotypes. The results indicated that Ae. tauschii also contains six Glu-D3 genes and their allelic variants are even richer than those in common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Zhao
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
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32
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Jiang C, Pei Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Yao D, Yan Y, Ma W, Hsam SLK, Zeller FJ. Molecular cloning and characterization of four novel LMW glutenin subunit genes from Aegilops longissima, Triticum dicoccoides and T. zhukovskyi. Hereditas 2008; 145:92-8. [PMID: 18503711 DOI: 10.1111/j.0018-0661.2008.02035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports cloning and characterisation of four novel low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes (designated as TzLMW-m2, TzLMW-m1, TdLMW-m1 and AlLMW-m2) from the genomic DNA of Triticum dicoccoides, T. zhukovskyi and Aegilops longissima. The coding regions of TzLMW-m2, TzLMW-m1, TdLMW-m1 and AlLMW-m2 were 1056 bp, 903 bp, 1056 bp and 1050 bp in length, encoding 350, 300, 350 and 348 amino acid residues, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences showed that the four novel genes were classified as LMW-m types and the comparison results indicated that the four genes had a more similar structure and a higher level of homology with the LMW-m genes than the LMW-s and -i types genes. However, the first cysteine residue's positions of TzLMW-m2, TdLMW-m1 and AlLMW-m2 were different from the others. Moreover, AlLMW-m2, TdLMW-m1 and TzLMW-m2 all possessed a longer repetitive domain, which was considered to be associated with good quality of wheat. The secondary structure prediction revealed that the content of beta-strand in AlLMW-m2 and TdLMW-m1 exceeded the positive control, suggesting that AlLMW-m2 and TdLMW-m1 should be considered as candidate genes that may have positive effect on dough quality. In order to investigate the evolutionary relationship of the novel genes with the other LMW-GSs, a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The results lead to a speculation that AlLMW-m2, TdLMW-m1 and TzLMW-m2 may be the middle types during the evolution of LMW-m and LMW-s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Jiang
- Agricultural College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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33
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Huang XQ, Cloutier S. Molecular characterization and genomic organization of low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes at the Glu-3 loci in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2008; 116:953-66. [PMID: 18305921 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-008-0727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the molecular characterization and genomic organization of the low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) gene family in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Eighty-two positive BAC clones were identified to contain LMW-GS genes from the hexaploid wheat 'Glenlea' BAC library via filter hybridization and PCR validation. Twelve unique LMW glutenin genes and seven pseudogenes were isolated from these positive BAC clones by primer-template mismatch PCR and subsequent primer walking using hemi-nested touchdown PCR. These genes were sequenced and each consisted of a single-open reading frame (ORF) and untranslated 5' and 3' flanking regions. All 12 LMW glutenin subunits contained eight cysteine residues. The LMW-m-type subunits are the most abundant in hexaploid wheat. Of the 12 LMW-GS, 1, 2 and 9 are i-type, s-type and m-type, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that the LMW-i type gene showed greater differences to LMW-s and LMW-m-type genes, which, in turn, were more closely related to one another. On the basis of their N-terminal sequences, they were classified into nine groups. Fingerprinting of the 82 BAC clones indicated 30 BAC clones assembled into eight contigs, while the remaining clones were singletons. BAC end sequencing of the 82 clones revealed that long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons were abundant in the Glu-3 regions. The average physical distance between two adjacent LMW-GS genes was estimated to be 81 kb. Most of LMW-GS genes are located in the D: -genome, suggesting that the Glu-D3 locus is much larger than the Glu-B3 locus and Glu-A3 locus. Alignments of sequences indicated that the same type (starting with the same N-terminal sequence) LMW-GS genes were highly conserved in the homologous genomes between hexaploid wheat and its donors such as durum wheat and T. tauschii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qiang Huang
- Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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34
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Zeng J, Dai SF, Zheng YL, Liu DC, Wei YM, Yan ZH. [Isolation and characterization of a low molecular weight glutenin gene from Taenitherum Nevski]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2008; 30:633-641. [PMID: 18487155 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2008.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
More and more low-molecular-weight glutenin(LMW glutenin) genes were isolated and characterized from hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, few homologous genes were obtained from its relative species, which limited our understanding of the relationships among them. Therefore, it is necessary to isolate LMW glutenin homologous genes from wheat wild relative species. Using a pair of specific oligonucleotide PCR primers for Taenitherum genomic DNA, a LMW glutenin gene sequence, with nucleotide sequence in 1 035 bp and deduced amino acid sequence with 343 amino acid residues, was obtained. This sequence was a typical LMW glutenin sequence and characterized by a signal peptide of 21 amino acid residues, a N-terminal conservative domain of 13 amino acid residues, a repetitive domain of short peptide, and a C-terminal conservative domain. Sequence alignment showed the main differences and the relationships between LMW glutenin genes from wheat and Taenitherum. The results presented here give a reference to isolate LMW glutenin gene from Taenitherum, as well as other wheat wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan 611830, China.
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Zhao XL, Xia XC, He ZH, Lei ZS, Appels R, Yang Y, Sun QX, Ma W. Novel DNA variations to characterize low molecular weight glutenin Glu-D3 genes and develop STS markers in common wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2007; 114:451-60. [PMID: 17106734 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) play an important role in bread and noodle processing quality by influencing the viscoelasticity and extensibility of dough. The objectives of this study were to characterize Glu-D3 subunit coding genes and to develop molecular markers for identifying Glu-D3 gene haplotypes. Gene specific primer sets were designed to amplify eight wheat cultivars containing Glu-D3a, b, c, d and e alleles, defined traditionally by protein electrophoretic mobility. Three novel Glu-D3 DNA sequences, designated as GluD3-4, GluD3-5 and GluD3-6, were amplified from the eight wheat cultivars. GluD3-4 showed three allelic variants or haplotypes at the DNA level in the eight cultivars, which were designated as GluD3-41, GluD3-42 and GluD3-43. Compared with GluD3-42, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected for GluD3-43 in the coding region, resulting in a pseudo-gene with a nonsense mutation at the 119th position of deduced peptide, and a 3-bp insertion was found in the coding region of GluD3-41, leading to a glutamine insertion at the 249th position of its deduced protein. The coding regions for GluD3-5 and GluD3-6 showed no allelic variation in the eight cultivars tested, indicating that they were relatively conservative in common wheat. Based on the 12 allelic variants of three Glu-D3 genes identified in this study and three detected previously, seven STS markers were established to amplify the corresponding gene sequences in wheat cultivars containing five Glu-D3 alleles (a, b, c, d and e). The seven primer sets M2F12/M2R12, M2F2/M2R2, M2F3/M2R3, M3F1/M3R1, M3F2/M3R2, M4F1/M4R1 and M4F3/M4R3 were specific to the allelic variants GluD3-21/22, GluD3-22, GluD3-23, GluD3-31, GluD3-32, GluD3-41 and GluD3-43, respectively, which were validated by amplifying 20 Chinese wheat cultivars containing alleles a, b, c and f based on protein electrophoretic mobility. These markers will be useful to identify the Glu-D3 gene haplotypes in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Zhao
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Zhongguancun South Street 12, Beijing 100081, China
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