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Radchenko EE, Anisimova IN, Ryazanova MK, Kibkalo IA, Alpatieva NV. Newly Developed Restorer Lines of Sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Resistant to Greenbug. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:425. [PMID: 38337958 PMCID: PMC10857335 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Eight lines of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], which can be used as a promising source material in heterotic hybrid breeding as pollen fertility restorers and donors of resistance to the greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani), are characterized. The new restorer lines (R-lines) were developed by crossing the maternal sterile line Nizkorosloe 81s (CMS A1) with two lines selected from the grain sorghum collection accessions VIR-928 and VIR-929 as the paternal forms. The R-lines were genotyped using PCR markers, and also characterized by height, duration of the seedling-flowering period, and some of the technological properties of flour. With the use of microsatellite markers linked to the Rf genes and by hybridological analysis, it was shown that the new lines carry the dominant allele of the gene Rf2. The PCoA analysis demonstrated clear differences of each R-line from the parents. The genotypes of the new lines and their parental forms for the Rf2 locus were confirmed by applying three allele-specific codominant CAPS markers which detected SNPs in the candidate Rf2 gene. All new lines were highly fertile, as demonstrated by cytological analysis of acetocarmine-stained pollen preparations. A high resistance to the greenbug was demonstrated for each new R-line both in the laboratory and field conditions against a severe aphid infestation. Grain quality parameters such as protein content and dough rheological properties varied widely and were quite satisfactory in some R-lines. Characteristics common to all eight sorghum lines studied, such as the ability to restore pollen fertility in the F1 generation, good pollen quality, greenbug resistance, early ripening, spreading panicle, and low stature, allow us to recommend them for producing commercial F1 hybrids with satisfactory grain quality for both fodder and food purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina N. Anisimova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.E.R.); (M.K.R.); (I.A.K.); (N.V.A.)
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Baloch FS, Altaf MT, Liaqat W, Bedir M, Nadeem MA, Cömertpay G, Çoban N, Habyarimana E, Barutçular C, Cerit I, Ludidi N, Karaköy T, Aasim M, Chung YS, Nawaz MA, Hatipoğlu R, Kökten K, Sun HJ. Recent advancements in the breeding of sorghum crop: current status and future strategies for marker-assisted breeding. Front Genet 2023; 14:1150616. [PMID: 37252661 PMCID: PMC10213934 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1150616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorghum is emerging as a model crop for functional genetics and genomics of tropical grasses with abundant uses, including food, feed, and fuel, among others. It is currently the fifth most significant primary cereal crop. Crops are subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses, which negatively impact on agricultural production. Developing high-yielding, disease-resistant, and climate-resilient cultivars can be achieved through marker-assisted breeding. Such selection has considerably reduced the time to market new crop varieties adapted to challenging conditions. In the recent years, extensive knowledge was gained about genetic markers. We are providing an overview of current advances in sorghum breeding initiatives, with a special focus on early breeders who may not be familiar with DNA markers. Advancements in molecular plant breeding, genetics, genomics selection, and genome editing have contributed to a thorough understanding of DNA markers, provided various proofs of the genetic variety accessible in crop plants, and have substantially enhanced plant breeding technologies. Marker-assisted selection has accelerated and precised the plant breeding process, empowering plant breeders all around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Shehzad Baloch
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Muhammad Tanveer Altaf
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Waqas Liaqat
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Bedir
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Muhammad Azhar Nadeem
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Gönül Cömertpay
- Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Nergiz Çoban
- Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Ephrem Habyarimana
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Celaleddin Barutçular
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Ibrahim Cerit
- Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Ndomelele Ludidi
- Plant Stress Tolerance Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Tolga Karaköy
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Muhammad Aasim
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Rüştü Hatipoğlu
- Kırşehir Ahi Evran Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Tarla Bitkileri Bolumu, Kırşehir, Türkiye
| | - Kağan Kökten
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Hyeon-Jin Sun
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Pan L, Lu Z, Yan L, Zeng W, Shen Z, Yu M, Bu L, Cui G, Niu L, Wang Z. NLR1 is a strong candidate for the Rm3 dominant green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) resistance trait in peach. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1357-1369. [PMID: 35022695 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The green peach aphid (GPA), Myzus persicae, is a polyphagous, sap-sucking aphid and a vector of many plant viruses. In peach, Prunus persica, three individual dominant GPA resistance loci have been genetically defined (Rm1-3), but knowledge of the underlying genes is limited. In this study, we focused on the Rm3 locus. Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) mapping in segregating progeny populations delimited Rm3 to an interval spanning 160 kb containing 21 genes on chromosome 1. RNA-seq data provided no evidence of candidate genes, but chromosomal structural variations were predicted around a nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene (ppa000596m) within the Rm3 fine-mapping interval. Following bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library construction for a GPA-resistant peach cultivar and the sequencing of three target BAC clones, a chromosomal structural variation encompassing two novel TIR-NLR-class disease resistance (R) protein-coding genes was identified, and the expressed NLR gene (NLR1) was identified as a candidate for M. persicae resistance. Consistent with its proposed role in controlling GPA resistance, NLR1 was only expressed in the leaves of resistant peach phenotypes. A molecular marker that was designed based on the NLR1 sequence co-segregated with the GPA-resistant phenotype in four segregating populations, 162 peach cultivars, and 14 wild relatives, demonstrating the dominant inheritance of the Rm3 locus. Our findings can be exploited to facilitate future breeding for GPA-resistance in peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lele Yan
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenfang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Bu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guochao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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Enhancement of Natural Control Function for Aphids by Intercropping and Infochemical Releasers in Wheat Ecosystem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44838-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Liang D, Chen M, Qi X, Xu Q, Zhou F, Chen X. QTL Mapping by SLAF-seq and Expression Analysis of Candidate Genes for Aphid Resistance in Cucumber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1000. [PMID: 27462331 PMCID: PMC4939294 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber, a very important vegetable crop worldwide, is easily damaged by pests. Aphid is one of the most serious cucumber pests and frequently cause severe damage to commercially produced crops. Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying pest resistance is important for aphid-resistant cucumber varieties breeding. In this study, two parental cucumber lines, JY30 (aphid susceptible) and EP6392 (aphid resistant), and pools of resistant and susceptible (n = 50 each) plants from 1000 F2 individuals derived from crossing JY30 with EP6392, were used to detect genomic regions associated with aphid resistance in cucumbers. The analysis was performed using specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq), bulked segregant analysis (BSA), and single nucleotide polymorphism index (SNP-index) methods. A main effect QTL (quantitative trait locus) of 0.31 Mb on Chr5, including 43 genes, was identified by association analysis. Sixteen of the 43 genes were identified as potentially associated with aphid resistance through gene annotation analysis. The effect of aphid infestation on the expression of these candidate genes screened by SLAF-seq was investigated in EP6392 plants by qRT-PCR. The results indicated that seven genes including encoding transcription factor MYB59-like (Csa5M641610.1), auxin transport protein BIG-like (Csa5M642140.1), F-box/kelch-repeat protein At5g15710-like (Csa5M642160.1), transcription factor HBP-1a-like (Csa5M642710.1), beta-glucan-binding protein (Csa5M643380.1), endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase 1-like (Csa5M643880.1), and proline-rich receptor-like protein kinase PERK10-like (Csa5M643900.1), out of the 16 genes were down regulated after aphid infestation, whereas 5 genes including encoding probable leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At5g15730-like (Csa5M642150.1), Stress-induced protein KIN2 (Csa5M643240.1 and Csa5M643260.1), F-box family protein (Csa5M643280.1), F-box/kelch-repeat protein (Csa5M643290.1), were up-regulated after aphid infestation. The gene Csa5M642150.1, encoding probable LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At5g15730-like, was most likely a key candidate gene in cucumber plants in response to infestation. This study provides a certain theoretical basis of molecular biology for genetic improvement of cucumber aphid resistance and aphid resistant variety breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna Liang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
- Sericulture/Chili Pepper Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang, China
| | - Minyang Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Fucai Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehao Chen,
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Anami SE, Zhang L, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Jing H. Sweet sorghum ideotypes: genetic improvement of stress tolerance. Food Energy Secur 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Elikana Anami
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
- Institute of Biotechnology Research Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya
| | - Li‐Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
| | - Yan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
| | - Yu‐Miao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
| | - Zhi‐Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
| | - Hai‐Chun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
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Smith CM, Chuang WP. Plant resistance to aphid feeding: behavioral, physiological, genetic and molecular cues regulate aphid host selection and feeding. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:528-40. [PMID: 24282145 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aphids damage major world food and fiber crops through direct feeding and transmission of plant viruses. Fortunately, the development of many aphid-resistant crop plants has provided both ecological and economic benefits to food production. Plant characters governing aphid host selection often dictate eventual plant resistance or susceptibility to aphid herbivory, and these phenotypic characters have been successfully used to map aphid resistance genes. Aphid resistance is often inherited as a dominant trait, but is also polygenic and inherited as recessive or incompletely dominant traits. Most aphid-resistant cultivars exhibit constitutively expressed defenses, but some cultivars exhibit dramatic aphid-induced responses, resulting in the overexpression of large ensembles of putative aphid resistance genes. Two aphid resistance genes have been cloned. Mi-1.2, an NBS-LRR gene from wild tomato, confers resistance to potato aphid and three Meloidogyne root-knot nematode species, and Vat, an NBS-LRR gene from melon, controls resistance to the cotton/melon aphid and to some viruses. Virulence to aphid resistance genes of plants occurs in 17 aphid species--more than half of all arthropod biotypes demonstrating virulence. The continual appearance of aphid virulence underscores the need to identify new sources of resistance of diverse sequence and function in order to delay or prevent biotype development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michael Smith
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Tan C, Wu Y, Taliaferro CM, Bell GE, Martin DL, Smith MW. Development and characterization of genomic SSR markers in Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:523-31. [PMID: 24585252 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are a major molecular tool for genetic and genomic research that have been extensively developed and used in major crops. However, few are available in African bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy), an economically important warm-season turfgrass species. African bermudagrass is mainly used for hybridizations with common bermudagrass [C. dactylon var. dactylon (L.) Pers.] in the development of superior interspecific hybrid turfgrass cultivars. Accordingly, the major objective of this study was to develop and characterize a large set of SSR markers. Genomic DNA of C. transvaalensis '4200TN 24-2' from an Oklahoma State University (OSU) turf nursery was extracted for construction of four SSR genomic libraries enriched with [CA](n), [GA](n), [AAG](n), and [AAT](n) as core repeat motifs. A total of 3,064 clones were sequenced at the OSU core facility. The sequences were categorized into singletons and contiguous sequences to exclude redundancy. From the two sequence categories, 1,795 SSR loci were identified. After excluding duplicate SSRs by comparison with previously developed SSR markers using a nucleotide basic local alignment tool, 1,426 unique primer pairs (PPs) were designed. Out of the 1,426 designed PPs, 981 (68.8 %) amplified alleles of the expected size in the donor DNA. Polymorphisms of the SSR PPs tested in eight C. transvaalensis plants were 93 % polymorphic with 544 markers effective in all genotypes. Inheritance of the SSRs was examined in six F(1) progeny of African parents 'T577' × 'Uganda', indicating 917 markers amplified heritable alleles. The SSR markers developed in the study are the first large set of co-dominant markers in African bermudagrass and should be highly valuable for molecular and traditional breeding research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Tan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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Liu L, Wu Y. Development of a genome-wide multiple duplex-SSR protocol and its applications for the identification of selfed progeny in switchgrass. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:522. [PMID: 23031617 PMCID: PMC3533973 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a herbaceous crop for the cellulosic biofuel feedstock development in the USA and Europe. As switchgrass is a naturally outcrossing species, accurate identification of selfed progeny is important to producing inbreds, which can be used in the production of heterotic hybrids. Development of a technically reliable, time-saving and easily used marker system is needed to quantify and characterize breeding origin of progeny plants of targeted parents. Results Genome-wide screening of 915 mapped microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) markers was conducted, and 842 (92.0%) produced clear and scorable bands on a pooled DNA sample of eight switchgrass varieties. A total of 166 primer pairs were selected on the basis of their relatively even distribution in switchgrass genome and PCR amplification quality on 16 tetraploid genotypes. Mean polymorphic information content value for the 166 markers was 0.810 ranging from 0.116 to 0.959. From them, a core set of 48 loci, which had been mapped on 17 linkage groups, was further tested and optimized to develop 24 sets of duplex markers. Most of (up to 87.5%) targeted, but non-allelic amplicons within each duplex were separated by more than 10-bp. Using the established duplex PCR protocol, selfing ratio (i.e., selfed/all progeny x100%) was identified as 0% for a randomly selected open-pollinated ‘Kanlow’ genotype grown in the field, 15.4% for 22 field-grown plants of bagged inflorescences, and 77.3% for a selected plant grown in a growth chamber. Conclusions The study developed a duplex SSR-based PCR protocol consisting of 48 markers, providing ample choices of non-tightly-linked loci in switchgrass whole genome, and representing a powerful, time-saving and easily used method for the identification of selfed progeny in switchgrass. The protocol should be a valuable tool in switchgrass breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Liu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, 74078-6028, USA
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Guo SM, Kamphuis LG, Gao LL, Klingler JP, Lichtenzveig J, Edwards O, Singh KB. Identification of distinct quantitative trait loci associated with defence against the closely related aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum and A. kondoi in Medicago truncatula. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:3913-22. [PMID: 22442407 PMCID: PMC3388833 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are a major family of plant insect pests. Medicago truncatula and Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid, PA) are model species with a suite of resources available to help dissect the mechanism underlying plant-aphid interactions. A previous study focused on monogenic and relatively strong resistance in M. truncatula to PA and other aphid species. In this study a moderate resistance to PA was characterized in detail in the M. truncatula line A17 and compared with the highly susceptible line A20 and the more resistant line Jester. The results show that PA resistance in A17 involves both antibiosis and tolerance, and that resistance is phloem based. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (n=114) from a cross between A17 and A20 revealed that one locus, which co-segregated with AIN (Acyrthosiphon-induced necrosis) on chromosome 3, is responsible for the reduction of aphid biomass (indicator of antibiosis) for both PA and bluegreen aphid (BGA, A. kondoi), albeit to a lesser degree for PA than BGA. Interestingly, two independent loci on chromosomes 5 and 3 were identified for the plant biomass reduction (indicator of plant tolerance) by PA and BGA, respectively, demonstrating that the plant's tolerance response to these two closely related aphid species is distinct. Together with previously identified major resistant (R) genes, the QTLs identified in this study are powerful tools to understand fully the spectrum of plant defence against sap-sucking insects and provide opportunities for breeders to generate effective and sustainable strategies for aphid control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Guo
- Key Laboratory of Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
| | - Lars G. Kamphuis
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ling-Ling Gao
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
| | - John P. Klingler
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
- CSIRO Entomology, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
| | - Judith Lichtenzveig
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
- Australian Centre for Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Owain Edwards
- CSIRO Entomology, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
| | - Karam B. Singh
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Abstract
Arthropod-resistant crops provide significant ecological and economic benefits to global agriculture. Incompatible interactions involving resistant plants and avirulent pest arthropods are mediated by constitutively produced and arthropod-induced plant proteins and defense allelochemicals synthesized by resistance gene products. Cloning and molecular mapping have identified the Mi-1.2 and Vat arthropod resistance genes as CC-NBS-LRR (coiled coil-nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat) subfamily NBS-LRR resistance proteins, as well as several resistance gene analogs. Genetic linkage mapping has identified more than 100 plant resistance gene loci and linked molecular markers used in cultivar development. Rice and sorghum arthropod-resistant cultivars and, to a lesser extent, raspberry and wheat cultivars are components of integrated pest management (IPM) programs in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America. Nevertheless, arthropod resistance in most food and fiber crops has not been integrated due primarily to the application of synthetic insecticides. Plant and arthropod genomics provide many opportunities to more efficiently develop arthropod-resistant plants, but integration of resistant cultivars into IPM programs will succeed only through interdisciplinary collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michael Smith
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
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Mace ES, Jordan DR. Integrating sorghum whole genome sequence information with a compendium of sorghum QTL studies reveals uneven distribution of QTL and of gene-rich regions with significant implications for crop improvement. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2011; 123:169-91. [PMID: 21484332 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis was conducted using 48 sorghum QTL studies published from 1995 to 2010 to make information from historical sorghum QTL experiments available in a form that could be more readily used by sorghum researchers and plant breeders. In total, 771 QTL relating to 161 unique traits from 44 studies were projected onto a sorghum consensus map. Confidence intervals (CI) of QTL were estimated so that valid comparisons could be made between studies. The method accounted for the number of lines used and the phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL from each study. In addition, estimated centimorgan (cM) locations were calculated for the predicted sorghum gene models identified in Phytozome (JGI GeneModels SBI v1.4) and compared with QTL distribution genome-wide, both on genetic linkage (cM) and physical (base-pair/bp) map scales. QTL and genes were distributed unevenly across the genome. Heterochromatic enrichment for QTL was observed, with approximately 22% of QTL either entirely or partially located in the heterochromatic regions. Heterochromatic gene enrichment was also observed based on their predicted cM locations on the sorghum consensus map, due to suppressed recombination in heterochromatic regions, in contrast to the euchromatic gene enrichment observed on the physical, sequence-based map. The finding of high gene density in recombination-poor regions, coupled with the association with increased QTL density, has implications for the development of more efficient breeding systems in sorghum to better exploit heterosis. The projected QTL information described, combined with the physical locations of sorghum sequence-based markers and predicted gene models, provides sorghum researchers with a useful resource for more detailed analysis of traits and development of efficient marker-assisted breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Mace
- Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Hermitage Research Station, 604 Yangan Road, Warwick, QLD, 4370, Australia.
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Aruna C, Bhagwat VR, Madhusudhana R, Sharma V, Hussain T, Ghorade RB, Khandalkar HG, Audilakshmi S, Seetharama N. Identification and validation of genomic regions that affect shoot fly resistance in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2011; 122:1617-30. [PMID: 21387095 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Shoot fly is one of the most important pests affecting the sorghum production. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting shoot fly resistance enables to understand the underlying genetic mechanisms and genetic basis of complex interactions among the component traits. The aim of the present study was to detect QTL for shoot fly resistance and the associated traits using a population of 210 RILs of the cross 27B (susceptible) × IS2122 (resistant). RIL population was phenotyped in eight environments for shoot fly resistance (deadheart percentage), and in three environments for the component traits, such as glossiness, seedling vigor and trichome density. Linkage map was constructed with 149 marker loci comprising 127 genomic-microsatellite, 21 genic-microsatellite and one morphological marker. QTL analysis was performed by using MQM approach. 25 QTL (five each for leaf glossiness and seedling vigor, 10 for deadhearts, two for adaxial trichome density and three for abaxial trichome density) were detected in individual and across environments. The LOD and R (2) (%) values of QTL ranged from 2.44 to 24.1 and 4.3 to 44.1%, respectively. For most of the QTLs, the resistant parent, IS2122 contributed alleles for resistance; while at two QTL regions, the susceptible parent 27B also contributed for resistance traits. Three genomic regions affected multiple traits, suggesting the phenomenon of pleiotrophy or tight linkage. Stable QTL were identified for the traits across different environments, and genetic backgrounds by comparing the QTL in the study with previously reported QTL in sorghum. For majority of the QTLs, possible candidate genes were identified. The QTLs identified will enable marker assisted breeding for shoot fly resistance in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aruna
- Directorate of Sorghum Research, Hyderabad, India.
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Guo C, Cui W, Feng X, Zhao J, Lu G. Sorghum insect problems and management. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 53:178-192. [PMID: 21205185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.01019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has high levels of starch, sugar, and fiber and is one of the most important energy crops in the world. Insect damage is one of the challenges that impacts sorghum biomass production. There are at least 150 insect species that can infest sorghum varieties worldwide. These insects can complete several generations within a growing season, they target various parts of sorghum plants at developmental stages, and they cause significant biomass losses. Genetic research has revealed the existence of resistant genetics in sorghum and insect tolerant sorghum varieties have been identified. Various control methods have been developed, yet more effective management is needed for increasing sorghum biomass production. Although there are no transgenic sorghum products on the market yet, biotechnology has been recognized as an important tool for controlling insect pests and increasing sorghum production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshan Guo
- Beijing Kaituo DNA Biotech Research Center, Beijing 100085, China
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15
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Wang YW, Samuels TD, Wu YQ. Development of 1,030 genomic SSR markers in switchgrass. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2011; 122:677-86. [PMID: 20978736 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., a native to the tall grass prairies in North America, has been grown for soil conservation and herbage production in the USA and recently widely recognized as a promising dedicated cellulosic bioenergy crop. A large amount of codominant molecular markers including simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are required for the construction of linkage maps and implementation of molecular breeding strategies to develop superior switchgrass cultivars. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify SSR-containing clones and to design PCR primer pairs (PPs) in SSR-enriched genomic libraries, and (2) to validate and characterize the designed SSR PPs. Five genomic SSR enriched libraries were constructed using genomic DNA of 'SL93 7 × 15', a switchgrass genotype selected in an Oklahoma State University (OSU) southern lowland breeding population. A total of 3,046 clones from four libraries enriched in (CA/TG)n, (GA/TC)n, (CAG/CTG)n and (AAG/CTT)n SSR repeats were sequenced at the OSU Core Facility. From the sequences, we isolated 1,300 unique SSR-containing clones, from which we designed 1,398 PPs using SSR Locator V.1 software. Among the designed PPs, 1,030 (73.7%) amplified reproducible and strong bands with expected fragment size, and 802 detected polymorphic alleles, in SL93 7 × 15 and 'NL94 16 × 13', two parents of one mapping population. All of the four libraries contained a high rate of perfect SSR repeat types, ranging from 62.7 to 76.2%. Polymorphism of the effective SSR markers was also tested in two lowland and two upland switchgrass cultivars, encompassing 'Alamo' and 'Kanlow', and 'Blackwell' and 'Dacotah', respectively. The developed SSR markers should be useful in genetic and breeding research in switchgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Wang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Dogimont C, Bendahmane A, Chovelon V, Boissot N. Host plant resistance to aphids in cultivated crops: Genetic and molecular bases, and interactions with aphid populations. C R Biol 2010; 333:566-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Satish K, Srinivas G, Madhusudhana R, Padmaja PG, Nagaraja Reddy R, Murali Mohan S, Seetharama N. Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance to shoot fly in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2009; 119:1425-39. [PMID: 19763534 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The shoot fly is one of the most destructive insect pests of sorghum at the seedling stage. Deployment of cultivars with improved shoot fly resistance would be facilitated by the use of molecular markers linked to QTL. The objective of this study was to dissect the genetic basis of resistance into QTL, using replicated phenotypic data sets obtained from four test environments, and a 162 microsatellite marker-based linkage map constructed using 168 RILs of the cross 296B (susceptible) x IS18551 (resistant). Considering five component traits and four environments, a total of 29 QTL were detected by multiple QTL mapping (MQM) viz., four each for leaf glossiness and seedling vigor, seven for oviposition, six for deadhearts, two for adaxial trichome density and six for abaxial trichome density. The LOD and R (2) (%) values of QTL ranged from 2.6 to 15.0 and 5.0 to 33%, respectively. For most of the QTL, IS18551 contributed resistance alleles; however, at six QTL, alleles from 296B also contributed to resistance. QTL of the related component traits were co-localized, suggesting pleiotropy or tight linkage of genes. The new morphological marker Trit for trichome type was associated with the major QTL for component traits of resistance. Interestingly, QTL identified in this study correspond to QTL/genes for insect resistance at the syntenic maize genomic regions, suggesting the conservation of insect resistance loci between these crops. For majority of the QTL, possible candidate genes lie within or very near the ascribed confidence intervals in sorghum. Finally, the QTL identified in the study should provide a foundation for marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs for improving shoot fly resistance in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Satish
- Directorate of Sorghum Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
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Huang Y. Genomics applications to plant defense research and crop pest management. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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