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He D, Zhang D, Li T, Liu L, Zhou D, Kang L, Wu J, Liu Z, Yan M. Whole-Genome Identification and Comparative Expression Analysis of Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes in Brassica napus. Front Genet 2021; 12:764835. [PMID: 34868247 PMCID: PMC8636775 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.764835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins contribute to most colors of plants and play protective roles in response to abiotic stresses. Brassica napus is widely cultivated worldwide as both an oilseed and a vegetable. However, only several high anthocyanin-containing cultivars have been reported, and the mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation have not been well-elucidated in B. napus. Here, the phenotype, comparative whole-genome identification, and gene expression analysis were performed to investigate the dynamic change of the anthocyanin content and the gene expression patterns of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (ABGs) in B. napus. A total of 152 ABGs were identified in the B. napus reference genome. To screen out the critical genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation, the RNA-seq of young leaves of two B. napus lines with purple leaves (PL) or green leaves (GL), and their F1 progeny at 41, 91, and 101 days were performed to identify the differentially expressed genes. The comparative expression analysis of these ABGs indicated that the upregulation of TT8 together with its target genes (such as DFR, ANS, UFGT, and TT19) might promote the anthocyanin accumulation in PL at the early developmental stage (41–91 days). While the downregulation of those ABGs and anthocyanin degradation at the late developmental stage (91–101 days) might result in the decrease in anthocyanin accumulation. Our results would enhance the understanding of the regulatory network of anthocyanin dynamic accumulation in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Lili Liu
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Dinggang Zhou
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Oilseed Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongsong Liu
- Oilseed Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
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Sosnowska K, Majka M, Majka J, Bocianowski J, Kasprowicz M, Książczyk T, Szała L, Cegielska-Taras T. Chromosome instabilities in resynthesized Brassica napus revealed by FISH. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:323-335. [PMID: 32318927 PMCID: PMC7413880 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brassica napus is an allopolyploid plant, derived from spontaneous hybridization between Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. Intensive breeding has led to a significant reduction in genetic and phenotypic diversity within this species. Newly resynthesized hybrids from progenitor species may restore some diversity in B. napus, but they often are chromosomally and phenotypically unstable. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we tested chromosome constitutions in a range of new allopolyploids resynthesized from various parental species. A majority of these allopolyploids were euploid, with the expected chromosome numbers and constitutions, but deviations were also identified. We detected a low level of intergenomic rearrangements in analyzed hybrids and a high level of changes in rDNA loci. Our study revealed a significant effect of maternal cross combination on loss of 35S rDNA loci, especially when B. rapa was the maternal parent. The studied lines were characterized by diversified of pollen viability. In the analyzed hybrids, the erucic acid level in the seed oil ranged from 0 to 43.4% and total glucosinolate content in seeds ranged from 24.3 to 119.2 μmol g−1. Our study shows that cytogenetic analysis of B. napus resynthesized hybrids would be useful in breeding for the selection of lines with important agricultural characters and genetically stable stock seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sosnowska
- Department of Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Strzeszyńska 36, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Maciej Majka
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Majka
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Kasprowicz
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Książczyk
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Laurencja Szała
- Department of Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Strzeszyńska 36, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Teresa Cegielska-Taras
- Department of Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Strzeszyńska 36, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
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Goswami G, Nath UK, Park JI, Hossain MR, Biswas MK, Kim HT, Kim HR, Nou IS. Transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in a high-anthocyanin resynthesized Brassica napus cultivar. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH (THESSALONIKE, GREECE) 2018; 25:19. [PMID: 30505808 PMCID: PMC6258291 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-018-0090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins are plant secondary metabolites with key roles in attracting insect pollinators and protecting against biotic and abiotic stresses. They have potential health-promoting effects as part of the human diet. Anthocyanin biosynthesis has been elucidated in many species, enabling the development of anthocyanin-enriched fruits, vegetables, and grains; however, few studies have investigated Brassica napus anthocyanin biosynthesis. RESULTS We developed a high-anthocyanin resynthesized B. napus line, Rs035, by crossing anthocyanin-rich B. rapa (A genome) and B. oleracea (C genome) lines, followed by chromosome doubling. We identified and characterized 73 and 58 anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in silico in the A and C genomes, respectively; these genes showed syntenic relationships with 41 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and B. napus. Among the syntenic genes, twelve biosynthetic and six regulatory genes showed transgressively higher expression in Rs035, and eight structural genes and one regulatory gene showed additive expression. We identified three early-, four late-biosynthesis pathways, three transcriptional regulator genes, and one transporter as putative candidates enhancing anthocyanin accumulation in Rs035. Principal component analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficients corroborated the contribution of these genes to anthocyanin accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our study lays the foundation for producing high-anthocyanin B. napus cultivars. The resynthesized lines and the differentially expressed genes we have identified could be used to transfer the anthocyanin traits to other commercial rapeseed lines using molecular and conventional breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Goswami
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
| | - Ujjal Kumar Nath
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
| | - Mohammad Rashed Hossain
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Manosh Kumar Biswas
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
| | - Hoy-Taek Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
- University-Industry Cooperation Foundation, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
| | - Hye Ran Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
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Ohmido N, Iwata A, Kato S, Wako T, Fukui K. Development of a quantitative pachytene chromosome map and its unification with somatic chromosome and linkage maps of rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195710. [PMID: 29672536 PMCID: PMC5908146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A quantitative pachytene chromosome map of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was developed using imaging methods. The map depicts not only distribution patterns of chromomeres specific to pachytene chromosomes, but also the higher order information of chromosomal structures, such as heterochromatin (condensed regions), euchromatin (decondensed regions), the primary constrictions (centromeres), and the secondary constriction (nucleolar organizing regions, NOR). These features were image analyzed and quantitatively mapped onto the map by Chromosome Image Analyzing System ver. 4.0 (CHIAS IV). Correlation between H3K9me2, an epigenetic marker and formation and/or maintenance of heterochromatin, thus was, clearly visualized. Then the pachytene chromosome map was unified with the existing somatic chromosome and linkage maps by physically mapping common DNA markers among them, such as a rice A genome specific tandem repeat sequence (TrsA), 5S and 45S ribosomal RNA genes, five bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones, four P1 bacteriophage artificial chromosome (PAC) clones using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Detailed comparison between the locations of the DNA probes on the pachytene chromosomes using multicolor FISH, and the linkage map enabled determination of the chromosome number and short/long arms of individual pachytene chromosomes using the chromosome number and arm assignment designated for the linkage map. As a result, the quantitative pachytene chromosome map was unified with two other major rice chromosome maps representing somatic prometaphase chromosomes and genetic linkages. In conclusion, the unification of the three rice maps serves as an indispensable basic information, not only for an in-depth comparison between genetic and chromosomal data, but also for practical breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Ohmido
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Aiko Iwata
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Seiji Kato
- Yamanashi Prefectural Agritechnology Center, 1100, Shimoimai, Kai, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Wako
- Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiichi Fukui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of an anthocyanin-rich gene, BnaA.PL1, conferring purple leaves in Brassica napus L. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1523-34. [PMID: 27003438 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Because of the advantages of anthocyanins, the genetics and breeding of crops rich in anthocyanins has become a hot research topic. However, due to the lack of anthocyanin-related mutants, no regulatory genes have been mapped in Brassica napus. In this study, we first report the characterization of a B. napus line with purple leaves and the fine mapping and candidate screening of the BnaA.PL1 gene. The amount of anthocyanins in the purple leaf line was six times higher than that in a green leaf line. A genetic analysis indicated that the purple character was controlled by an incomplete dominant gene. Through map-based cloning, we localized the BnaA.PL1 gene to a 99-kb region at the end of B. napus chromosome A03. Transcriptional analysis of 11 genes located in the target region revealed that the expression level of only the BnAPR2 gene in seedling leaves decreased from purple to reddish green to green individuals, a finding that was consistent with the measured anthocyanin accumulation levels. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of BnAPR2 showed that the purple individual-derived allele contained 17 variants. Markers co-segregating with BnaA.PL1 were developed from the sequence of BnAPR2 and were validated in the BC4P2 population. These results suggested that BnAPR2, which encodes adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase, is likely to be a valuable candidate gene. This work may lay the foundation for the marker-assisted selection of B. napus vegetables that are rich in anthocyanins and for an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling anthocyanin accumulation in Brassica.
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Zemtsova LV, Amosova AV, Samatadze TE, Bolsheva NL, Volovik VT, Zelenin AV, Muravenko OV. Differentiation of closely related genomes and chromosome identification in Brassica napus L. By simultaneous fluorescence in situ hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2014; 457:137-40. [PMID: 25172335 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672914040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L V Zemtsova
- Engelgardt Institute of Molecular Biology of RAS, ul. Vavilova 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia,
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Li Q, Mei J, Zhang Y, Li J, Ge X, Li Z, Qian W. A large-scale introgression of genomic components of Brassica rapa into B. napus by the bridge of hexaploid derived from hybridization between B. napus and B. oleracea. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:2073-2080. [PMID: 23699961 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Brassica rapa (AA) has been used to widen the genetic basis of B. napus (AACC), which is a new but important oilseed crop worldwide. In the present study, we have proposed a strategy to develop new type B. napus carrying genomic components of B. rapa by crossing B. rapa with hexaploid (AACCCC) derived from B. napus and B. oleracea (CC). The hexaploid exhibited large flowers and high frequency of normal chromosome segregation, resulting in good seed set (average of 4.48 and 12.53 seeds per pod by self and open pollination, respectively) and high pollen fertility (average of 87.05 %). It was easy to develop new type B. napus by crossing the hexaploid with 142 lines of B. rapa from three ecotype groups, with the average crossability of 9.24 seeds per pod. The genetic variation of new type B. napus was diverse from that of current B. napus, especially in the A subgenome, revealed by genome-specific simple sequence repeat markers. Our data suggest that the strategy proposed here is a large-scale and highly efficient method to introgress genomic components of B. rapa into B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfei Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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