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Leber R, Heuberger M, Widrig V, Jung E, Paux E, Keller B, Sánchez-Martín J. A diverse panel of 755 bread wheat accessions harbors untapped genetic diversity in landraces and reveals novel genetic regions conferring powdery mildew resistance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:88. [PMID: 38532180 PMCID: PMC10965746 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A bread wheat panel reveals rich genetic diversity in Turkish, Pakistani and Iranian landraces and novel resistance loci to diverse powdery mildew isolates via subsetting approaches in association studies. Wheat breeding for disease resistance relies on the availability and use of diverse genetic resources. More than 800,000 wheat accessions are globally conserved in gene banks, but they are mostly uncharacterized for the presence of resistance genes and their potential for agriculture. Based on the selective reduction of previously assembled collections for allele mining for disease resistance, we assembled a trait-customized panel of 755 geographically diverse bread wheat accessions with a focus on landraces, called the LandracePLUS panel. Population structure analysis of this panel based on the TaBW35K SNP array revealed an increased genetic diversity compared to 632 landraces genotyped in an earlier study and 17 high-quality sequenced wheat accessions. The additional genetic diversity found here mostly originated from Turkish, Iranian and Pakistani landraces. We characterized the LandracePLUS panel for resistance to ten diverse isolates of the fungal pathogen powdery mildew. Performing genome-wide association studies and dividing the panel further by a targeted subsetting approach for accessions of distinct geographical origin, we detected several known and already cloned genes, including the Pm2a gene. In addition, we identified 22 putatively novel powdery mildew resistance loci that represent useful sources for resistance breeding and for research on the mildew-wheat pathosystem. Our study shows the value of assembling trait-customized collections and utilizing a diverse range of pathogen races to detect novel loci. It further highlights the importance of integrating landraces of different geographical origins into future diversity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Leber
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Heuberger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Widrig
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Esther Jung
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Paux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- VetAgro Sup Campus Agronomique, 63370, Lempdes, France
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Javier Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Iqbal A, Rehman ZU, Khan MR, Khan AM, Khan SU, Arif M, Iqbal J, Rehman MU, Ali M, Qasim M, Ali I, Facho ZH, Hussain M, Hussain I, Ahmad J, Ali S. Field response and molecular screening of European wheat germplasm against powdery mildew at the Himalayan region of Pakistan. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:667-678. [PMID: 37749479 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00789-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Wheat powdery mildew possesses a significant threat to wheat crops not only on a global scale but also in the northern region of Pakistan. Recognizing the need for effective measures, the exploration and utilization of exotic germplasm take on critical importance. To address this, a series of trials were made to investigate the response of 30 European (EU) lines, in addition to the local checks (Siran, Atta-Habib (AH) and Ghanimat-e-IBGE) against wheat powdery mildew at the Himalayan region of Pakistan. The study involved field testing from 2018 to 2022 across multiple locations, resulting in 38 different environments (location × year). In addition to field evaluations, molecular genotyping was also performed. The disease was absent on the tested lines during 2018, 2019, and 2020 whereas it ranged from 0 to 100% at Chitral location during 2021, where 100% was observed only for one EU wheat line "Matrix." The disease prevailed only at Gilgit location (0-60% for EU wheat line "F236") and at Nagar location (0-10% for EU wheat lines Substance and Nelson) during the disease season of 2022. Most of the EU wheat lines showed very low ACI values, due to an overall low disease pressure. Matrix showed the maximum ACI (1.54) followed by Ritter (1.25) and Bli_autrichion (0.87), whereas the minimum (0.1) was for Substance, JB_Asano, and KWS_Loft followed by Canon (0.19), all exhibiting partial resistance. The molecular marker-based screening revealed that Pm38 was the most prevalent and detected in 100% of wheat lines followed by Pm39 (60%) and Pm8 (30%). Six wheat lines (20%) possessed all three Pm genes (Pm8, Pm38, and Pm39) concurrently. The variability observed in this study can be utilized in future breeding efforts aimed at developing resistant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Iqbal
- The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Javaid Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Lakki-Marwat, 28420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Soil Conservation, Chitral, Pakistan
| | - Minhaj Ali
- The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Agriculture Extension, Parachinar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Agriculture Research, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ali
- The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zakir Hussain Facho
- The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Agriculture Extension, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Agriculture Extension, Nagar, Pakistan
| | - Ijlal Hussain
- The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Agriculture Extension, Hunza, Pakistan
| | - Jamshaid Ahmad
- University of Veterinary and & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
- Department of Agriculture (Plant Breeding and Genetics), Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
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Tang X, Dai F, Hao Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Wang G, Li X, Peng X, Xu T, Yuan C, Sun L, Xiao J, Wang H, Shi W, Yang L, Wang Z, Wang X. Fine mapping of two recessive powdery mildew resistance genes from Aegilops tauschii accession CIae8. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:206. [PMID: 37672067 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Two recessive powdery mildew resistance loci pmAeCIae8_2DS and pmAeCIae8_7DS from Aegilops tauschii were mapped and two synthesized hexaploid wheat lines were developed by distant hybridization. Wheat powdery mildew (Pm), one of the worldwide destructive fungal diseases, causes significant yield loss up to 30%. The identification of new Pm resistance genes will enrich the genetic diversity of wheat breeding for Pm resistance. Aegilops tauschii is the ancestor donor of sub-genome D of hexaploid wheat. It provides beneficial genes that can be easily transferred into wheat by producing synthetic hexaploid wheat followed by genetic recombination. We assessed the Pm resistance level of 35 Ae. tauschii accessions from different origins. Accession CIae8 exhibited high Pm resistance. Inheritance analysis and gene mapping were performed using F2 and F2:3 populations derived from the cross between CIae8 and a Pm susceptible accession PI574467. The Pm resistance of CIae8 was controlled by two independent recessive genes. Bulked segregate analysis using a 55 K SNP array revealed the SNPs were mainly enriched into genome regions, i.e. 2DS (13.5-20 Mb) and 7DS (4.0-15.5 Mb). The Pm resistance loci were named as pmAeCIae8_2DS and pmAeCIae8_7DS, respectively. By recombinant screening, we narrowed the pmAeCIae8_2DS into a 370-kb interval flanked by markers CINAU-AE7800 (14.89 Mb) and CINAU-AE20 (15.26 Mb), and narrowed the pmAeCIae8_7DS into a 260-kb interval flanked by markers CINAU-AE58 (4.72 Mb) and CINAU-AE25 (4.98 Mb). The molecular markers closely linked with the resistance loci were developed, and two synthesized hexaploid wheat (SHW) lines were produced. These laid the foundation for cloning of the two resistance loci and for transferring the resistance into common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangxiu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongli Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunxia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqi Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei, China
| | - Zongkuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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Wu J, Jia H, Qiao L, Fu B, Brown-Guedira G, Nagarajan R, Yan L. Genetic basis of resistance against powdery mildew in the wheat cultivar "Tabasco". MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:56. [PMID: 37424796 PMCID: PMC10326205 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
European winter wheat cultivar "Tabasco" was reported to have resistance to powdery mildew disease caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) in China. In previous studies, Tabasco was reported to have the resistance gene designated as Pm48 on the short arm of chromosome 5D when a mapping population was phenotyped with pathogen isolate Bgt19 collected in China and was genotyped with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In this study, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips were used to rapidly determine the resistance gene by mapping a new F2 population that was developed from Tabasco and a susceptible cultivar "Ningmaizi119" and inoculated with pathogen isolate NCF-D-1-1 that was collected in the USA. The segregation of resistance in the population was found to link with Pm2 which was identified in Tabasco. Therefore, it was concluded that the previously reported Pm48 on chromosome arm 5DS in Tabasco should be the Pm2 gene on the same chromosome. The Pm2 was also found in European cultivars "Mattis" and "Claire" but not in any of the accessions from diploid wheat Aegilops tauschii or modern cultivars such as "Gallagher," "Smith's Gold," and "OK Corral" being used in the Great Plains in the USA. A KASP marker was developed to track the resistance allele Pm2 in wheat breeding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01402-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhong Wu
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
| | - Linyi Qiao
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031 Shanxi China
| | - Bisheng Fu
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Gina Brown-Guedira
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Ragupathi Nagarajan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA
| | - Liuling Yan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA
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Wu J, Qiao L, Liu Y, Fu B, Nagarajan R, Rauf Y, Jia H, Yan L. Rapid identification and deployment of major genes for flowering time and awn traits in common wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:992811. [PMID: 36092425 PMCID: PMC9459131 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular markers are developed to accelerate deployment of genes for desirable traits segregated in a bi-parental population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) or doubled haplotype (DH) lines for mapping. However, it would be the most effective if such markers for multiple traits could be identified in an F2 population. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) chips were used to identify major genes for heading date and awn in an F2 population without developing RILs or DH lines. The population was generated from a cross between a locally adapted spring wheat cultivar "Ningmaizi119" and a winter wheat cultivar "Tabasco" with a diverse genetic background. It was found that the dominant Vrn-D1 allele could make Ningmaizi119 flowered a few months earlier than Tabasco in the greenhouse and without vernalization. The observed effects of the allele were validated in F3 populations. It was also found that the dominant Ali-A1 allele for awnless trait in Tabasco or the recessive ali-A1 allele for awn trait in Ningmaizi119 was segregated in the F2 population. The allelic variation in the ALI-A1 gene relies not only on the DNA polymorphisms in the promoter but also on gene copy number, with one copy ali-A1 in Ningmaizi119 but two copies Ali-A1 in Tabasco based on RT-PCR results. According to wheat genome sequences, cultivar "Mattis" has two copies Ali-A1 and cultivar "Spelta" has four copies Ali-A in a chromosome that was uncharacterized (ChrUN), in addition to one copy on chromosome 5A. This study rapidly characterized the effects of the dominant Vrn-D1 allele and identified the haplotype of Ali-A1 in gene copy number in the F2 segregation population of common wheat will accelerate their deployment in cycling lines in breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhong Wu
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Linyi Qiao
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bisheng Fu
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ragupathi Nagarajan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Yahya Rauf
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuling Yan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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Positional cloning of PmCH1357 reveals the origin and allelic variation of the Pm2 gene for powdery mildew resistance in wheat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Tomkowiak A, Skowrońska R, Weigt D, Kwiatek M, Nawracała J, Kowalczewski PŁ, Pluta M. Identification of Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Varieties and Development of Multiplex PCR. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the study was to identify thePm2, Pm3a, Pm4bandPm6genes and to develop multiplex PCR reaction conditions to reduce time and limit analysis costs. The following molecular markers were used for gene identification:Xcfd81, Whs350andXgwm205(forPm2),Pm3a(forPm3a),STS_241andXgwm382(forPm4b),NAU/BCDSTS 135-2(forPm6). Plant material consisted of 7 popular European wheat varieties from the wheat collection at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of the Poznań University of Life Sciences. The field experiment was established in 2017 and 2018 on 10 m2plots in a randomized complete block design in three replicates in the Dłoń Agricultural Experimental Farm of the Poznań University of Life Sciences (51°41’23.835”N 017°4’1.414”E). The analyses demonstrated that the accumulation of all identifiedPmgenes was found in the Assosan variety. The accumulation of thePm2, Pm4bandPm6genes was found in Atomic, Bussard, Lear, Sparta, Tonacja and Ulka varieties. The work also involved developing multiplex PCR conditions forXcfd81andSTS_241andXcfd81andXgwm382primer pairs, allowing the simultaneous identification of thePm2andPm4bgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tomkowiak
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań, University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd Str, 60-632 Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Roksana Skowrońska
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań, University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd Str, 60-632 Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Weigt
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań, University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd Str, 60-632 Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Kwiatek
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań, University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd Str, 60-632 Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Nawracała
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań, University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd Str, 60-632 Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań, University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego Str, 60-624 Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mateusz Pluta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań, University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd Str, 60-632 Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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Ma P, Xu H, Xu Y, Song L, Liang S, Sheng Y, Han G, Zhang X, An D. Characterization of a Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Wheat Breeding Line 10V-2 and Its Application in Marker-Assisted Selection. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:925-931. [PMID: 30673391 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-17-0199-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a serious disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) throughout the world. Host resistance is the most effective and preferred means for managing this disease. Line 10V-2, a wheat breeding line with superior agronomic performance, shows broad-spectrum seedling resistance to powdery mildew. Genetic analysis demonstrated that its resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene, tentatively designated Pm10V-2. This gene was localized near the documented Pm2 locus on chromosome 5DS using the simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker Cfd81. To saturate the marker map of Pm10V-2, more markers were developed using bulked segregant RNA-Seq. Two single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers (Swgi047 and Swgi064), three expressed sequence tag markers (Swgi007, Swgi029, and Swgi038), and one SSR marker (Swgi066) were polymorphic between the resistant and susceptible bulks and showed tightly linked to the Pm10V-2 gene. Pm10V-2 was flanked by the new developed markers Swgi064 and Swgi066 at genetic distances of 0.4 and 1.2 centimorgans (cM), respectively, and cosegregated with Swgi007 and Swgi038. The homologous sequence of Pm2a was cloned from 10V-2 based on a recent study. Although the sequence cloned from 10V-2 was completely identical to that of the reported Pm2a-related gene, they did not cosegregate but were separated at a genetic distance of 1.6 cM, indicating that Pm10V-2 was different from the reported of Pm2a-related gene. When inoculated with multiple B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates, Pm10V-2 had a significantly different resistance spectrum from Pm2a and other powdery mildew (Pm) resistance genes at or near the Pm2 locus. Therefore, Pm10V-2 may be a new Pm2 allele or Pm2-linked gene. To use Pm10V-2 in marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding, seven markers applicable for MAS were confirmed, including three newly developed markers (Swgi029, Swgi038, and Swgi064) in the present work. Using these markers, a great number of resistant lines with desirable agronomic performance were selected from crosses involving 10V-2, including the breeding line KM5016, which has been entered in the Regional trials in Hebei Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Ma
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Liping Song
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Shuoshuo Liang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Yuan Sheng
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Guohao Han
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Diaoguo An
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
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9
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Characterization of a new Pm2 allele associated with broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance in wheat line Subtil. Sci Rep 2018; 8:475. [PMID: 29323166 PMCID: PMC5765050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat powdery mildew is a severe disease affecting yield and quality. Host resistance was proved to be effective and environment-friendly. Wheat line Subtil is an elite germplasm resource resistant to 28 of 30 tested Bgt isolates. Genetic analysis showed that the powdery mildew resistance in Subtil was conferred by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated PmSub. Using bulked segregant analysis, PmSub was mapped to chromosome arm 5DS, and flanked by the markers Bwm16 and Cfd81/Bwm21 at 5.0 and 0.9 cM, respectively. Allelism tests further confirmed PmSub was allelic with documented Pm2 alleles. Then, homologous sequences of Pm2a related sequence was cloned from Subtil and Chinese Spring. It was completely identical to the reported Pm2a sequence, but significantly different from that of Chinese Spring. A marker SWGI067 was developed based on the sequence divergence of homologous sequence in Subtil and Chinese Spring. SWGI067 was closely linked to PmSub, indicating that the gene PmSub itself was different from the cloned Pm2a related sequence. Meanwhile, Subtil produced significantly different reaction pattern compared with other genotypes with Pm genes at or near Pm2 locus. Therefore, PmSub was most likely a new allele of Pm2. PmSub has opportunities for marker-assisted selecting for high-efficiency wheat improvement.
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10
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Xu H, Cao Y, Xu Y, Ma P, Ma F, Song L, Li L, An D. Marker-Assisted Development and Evaluation of Near-Isogenic Lines for Broad-Spectrum Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene Pm2b Introgressed into Different Genetic Backgrounds of Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1322. [PMID: 28824664 PMCID: PMC5534469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
At present, most of released wheat cultivars or breeding lines in China are susceptible to powdery mildew (Pm) (caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt), so there is an urgent need to rapidly transfer effective and broad-spectrum Pm resistance genes into elite cultivars/lines. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) with short target gene region are very important in molecular breeding and map-based cloning and can be developed by combining marker-assisted selection and conventional phenotypic identification. However, no Pm gene NILs were reported by using this method in the previous studies. A new broad-spectrum dominant resistance gene Pm2b, derived from the Chinese wheat breeding line KM2939, conferred high resistance to Pm at both the seedling and adult stages. In this study, with the aid of forward and background selection (FS and BS) using molecular markers, the Pm2b gene was introgressed into three elite susceptible commercial cultivars Shimai 15, Shixin 828, and Kenong 199 through the back-crossing procedure. With the appropriate backcrossing generations, selected population sizes and marker number for BS, the homozygous resistant BC3F2:3 NILs of Pm2b gene in the three genetic backgrounds with the highest recipient genome composition of about 99%, confirmed by simple sequence repeat markers and 660K single nucleotide polymorphic array, were developed and evaluated for the powdery mildew resistance and agronomic traits. The different resistance and similar or improved agronomic performance between Pm2b NILs and their corresponding recurrent parents indicated their potential value in the marker-assisted breeding of the Pm2b gene. Moreover, the development of four flanked diagnostic markers (CFD81, BWM25, BWM20, and BWM21) of the Pm2 gene can effectively assist the forward selection and accelerate the transfer and use of this resistance gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Xu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
- The College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
| | - Liping Song
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
| | - Lihui Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Diaoguo An
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
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11
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Zhong S, Ma L, Fatima SA, Yang J, Chen W, Liu T, Hu Y, Li Q, Guo J, Zhang M, Lei L, Li X, Tang S, Luo P. Collinearity Analysis and High-Density Genetic Mapping of the Wheat Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene Pm40 in PI 672538. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164815. [PMID: 27755575 PMCID: PMC5068701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm40, which is located on chromosomal arm 7BS, is effective against nearly all prevalent races of Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici (Bgt) in China and is carried by the common wheat germplasm PI 672538. A set of the F1, F2 and F2:3 populations from the cross of the resistant PI 672538 with the susceptible line L1034 were used to conduct genetic analysis of powdery mildew resistance and construct a high-density linkage map of the Pm40 gene. We constructed a high-density linkage genetic map with a total length of 6.18 cM and average spacing between markers of 0.48 cM.Pm40 is flanked by Xwmc335 and BF291338 at genetic distances of 0.58 cM and 0.26 cM, respectively, in deletion bin C-7BS-1-0.27. Comparative genomic analysis based on EST-STS markers established a high level of collinearity of the Pm40 genomic region with a 1.09-Mbp genomic region on Brachypodium chromosome 3, a 1.16-Mbp genomic region on rice chromosome 8, and a 1.62-Mbp genomic region on sorghum chromosome 7. We further anchored the Pm40 target intervals to the wheat genome sequence. A putative linear index of 85 wheat contigs containing 97 genes on 7BS was constructed. In total, 9 genes could be considered as candidates for the resistances to powdery mildew in the target genomic regions, which encoded proteins that were involved in the plant defense and response to pathogen attack. These results will facilitate the development of new markers for map-based cloning and marker-assisted selection of Pm40 in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Syeda Akash Fatima
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiezhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Taiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Chongqing Industry and Trade Polytechnic Institute, Fuling District of Chongqing, China
| | - Jingwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengwen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peigao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
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12
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Lu Y, Yao M, Zhang J, Song L, Liu W, Yang X, Li X, Li L. Genetic analysis of a novel broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene from the wheat-Agropyron cristatum introgression line Pubing 74. PLANTA 2016; 244:713-23. [PMID: 27125388 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene PmPB74 was identified in wheat- Agropyron cristatum introgression line Pubing 74. Development of wheat cultivars with broad-spectrum, durable resistance to powdery mildew has been restricted by lack of superior genetic resources. In this study, a wheat-A. cristatum introgression line Pubing 74, originally selected from a wide cross between the common wheat cultivar Fukuhokomugi (Fukuho) and Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn (2n = 4x = 28; genome PPPP), displayed resistance to powdery mildew at both the seedling and adult stages. The putative alien chromosomal fragment in Pubing 74 was below the detection limit of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), but evidence for other non-GISH-detectable introgressions was provided by the presence of three STS markers specific to A. cristatum. Genetic analysis indicated that Pubing 74 carried a single dominant gene for powdery mildew resistance, temporarily designated PmPB74. Molecular mapping showed that PmPB74 was located on wheat chromosome arm 5DS, and flanked by markers Xcfd81 and HRM02 at genetic distances of 2.5 and 1.7 cM, respectively. Compared with other lines with powdery mildew resistance gene(s) on wheat chromosome arm 5DS, Pubing 74 was resistant to all 28 Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici (Bgt) isolates from different wheat-producing regions of northern China. Allelism tests indicated that PmPB74 was not allelic to PmPB3558 or Pm2. Our work showed that PmPB74 is a novel gene with broad resistance to powdery mildew, and hence will be helpful in broadening the genetic basis of powdery mildew resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Miaomiao Yao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liqiang Song
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuquan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lihui Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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13
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Ma P, Xu H, Li L, Zhang H, Han G, Xu Y, Fu X, Zhang X, An D. Characterization of a New Pm2 Allele Conferring Powdery Mildew Resistance in the Wheat Germplasm Line FG-1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:546. [PMID: 27200022 PMCID: PMC4844600 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew has a negative impact on wheat production. Novel host resistance increases the diversity of resistance genes and helps to control the disease. In this study, wheat line FG-1 imported from France showed a high level of powdery mildew resistance at both the seedling and adult stages. An F2 population and F2:3 families from the cross FG-1 × Mingxian 169 both fit Mendelian ratios for a single dominant resistance gene when tested against multiple avirulent Blumeria tritici f. sp. tritici (Bgt) races. This gene was temporarily designated PmFG. PmFG was mapped on the multi-allelic Pm2 locus of chromosome 5DS using seven SSR, 10 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-derived and two SCAR markers with the flanking markers Xbwm21/Xcfd81/Xscar112 (distal) and Xbwm25 (proximal) at 0.3 and 0.5 cM being the closest. Marker SCAR203 co-segregated with PmFG. Allelism tests between PmFG and documented Pm2 alleles confirmed that PmFG was allelic with Pm2. Line FG-1 produced a significantly different reaction pattern compared to other lines with genes at or near Pm2 when tested against 49 Bgt isolates. The PmFG-linked marker alleles detected by the SNP-derived markers revealed significant variation between FG-1 and other lines with genes at or near Pm2. It was concluded that PmFG is a new allele at the Pm2 locus. Data from seven closely linked markers tested on 31 wheat cultivars indicated opportunities for marker-assisted pyramiding of this gene with other genes for powdery mildew resistance and additional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Ma
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology - Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongxng Xu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology - Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lihui Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science - Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology - Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guohao Han
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology - Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology - Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fu
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology - Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Diaoguo An
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology - Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang, China
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14
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Chen T, Xiao J, Xu J, Wan W, Qin B, Cao A, Chen W, Xing L, Du C, Gao X, Zhang S, Zhang R, Shen W, Wang H, Wang X. Two members of TaRLK family confer powdery mildew resistance in common wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:27. [PMID: 26810982 PMCID: PMC4727334 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminearum f.sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the most severe fungal diseases of wheat. The exploration and utilization of new gene resources is the most effective approach for the powdery mildew control. RESULTS We report the cloning and functional analysis of two wheat LRR-RLKs from T. aestivum c.v. Prins- T. timopheevii introgression line IGV1-465, named TaRLK1 and TaRLK2, which play positive roles in regulating powdery mildew resistance in wheat. The two LRR-RLKs contain an ORF of 3,045 nucleotides, encoding a peptide of 1014 amino acids, with seven amino acids difference. Their predicted proteins possess a signal peptide, several LRRs, a trans-membrane domain, and a Ser/Thr protein kinase domain. In response to Bgt infection, the TaRLK1/2 expression is up-regulated in a developmental-stage-dependent manner. Single-cell transient over-expression and gene-silencing assays indicate that both genes positively regulate the resistance to mixed Bgt inoculums. Transgenic lines over-expressing TaRLK1 or TaRLK2 in a moderate powdery mildew susceptible wheat variety Yangmai 158 led to significantly enhanced powdery mildew resistance. Exogenous applied salicylic acid (SA) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced the expression of both genes, and H2O2 had a higher accumulation at the Bgt penetration sites in RLK over-expression transgenic plants, suggesting a possible involvement of SA and altered ROS homeostasis in the defense response to Bgt infection. The two LRR-RLKs are located in the long arm of wheat chromosome 2B, in which the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm6 is located, but in different regions. CONCLUSIONS Two members of TaRLK family were cloned from IGV1-465. TaRLK1 and TaRLK2 contribute to powdery mildew resistance of wheat, providing new resistance gene resources for wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
| | - Jin Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Wentao Wan
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Bi Qin
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, China.
| | - Aizhong Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Liping Xing
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Chen Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Xiquan Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Shouzhong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Haiyan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Xiue Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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15
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Xu H, Yi Y, Ma P, Qie Y, Fu X, Xu Y, Zhang X, An D. Molecular tagging of a new broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance allele Pm2c in Chinese wheat landrace Niaomai. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2015; 128:2077-84. [PMID: 26133735 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A new broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance allele Pm2c was identified and mapped in Chinese wheat landrace Niaomai. Chinese wheat landrace Niaomai showed resistance to 27 of 28 Chinese Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici (Bgt) races. Genetic analysis of an F2 population and its derived F2:3 families from the cross Niaomai × Mingxian 169 and backcross population, Niaomai/2*Mingxian 169, indicated that the resistance of Niaomai to Bgt races was conferred by a single dominant resistance gene, temporarily designated PmNM. Molecular tagging showed that PmNM was located on chromosome 5DS and flanked by SSR markers Xcfd81 and Xcfd78 with the genetic distances of 0.1/0.4 cM and 4.9/7.5 cM, respectively. Niaomai showed a different array of responses compared to lines with Pm2a, Pm2b, PmD57-5D, PmLX66, PmX3986-2 and Pm48 genes, sharing the same Xcfd81 allele but differing from Xcfd78 allele for Pm2a and Pm2b lines. Allelism tests based on crosses of Niaomai with Ulka/8*Cc and KM2939 showed that PmNM is allelic to Pm2a and Pm2b. We concluded that PmNM is a new allele of Pm2, re-designated Pm2c. Pm2c could be transferred into wheat cultivars by marker-assisted selection to improve the powdery mildew resistance of breeding cultivars/lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Xu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Yanjie Yi
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Yanmin Qie
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fu
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050041, Hebei, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Diaoguo An
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China.
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16
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Li X, Wu J, Yin L, Zhang Y, Qu J, Lu J. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals defense-related genes and pathways against downy mildew in Vitis amurensis grapevine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 95:1-14. [PMID: 26151858 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew (DM), caused by oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Pv), can lead to severe damage to Vitis vinifera grapevines. Vitis amurensis has generally been regarded as a DM resistant species. However, when V. amurensis 'Shuanghong' were inoculated with Pv strains 'ZJ-1-1' and 'JL-7-2', the former led to obvious DM symptoms (compatible), while the latter did not develop any DM symptoms but exhibited necrosis (incompatible). In order to underlie molecular mechanism in DM resistance, mRNA-seq based expression profiling of 'Shuanghong' was compared at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h post inoculation (hpi) with these two strains. Specific genes and their corresponding pathways responsible for incompatible interaction were extracted by comparing with compatible interaction. In the incompatible interaction, 37 resistance (R) genes were more expressed at the early stage of infection (12 hpi). Similarly, genes involved in defense signaling, including MAPK. ROS/NO, SA, JA, ET and ABA pathways, and genes associated with defense-related metabolites synthesis, such as pathogenesis-related genes and phenylpropanoids/stilbenoids/flavonoids biosynthesizing genes, were also activated mainly during the early stages of infection. On the other hand, Ca(2+) signaling and primary metabolism, such as photosynthesis and fatty acid synthesis, were more repressed after 'JL-7-2' challenge. Further quantification of some key defense-related factors, including phytohormones, phytoalexins and ROS, generally showed much more accumulation during the incompatible interaction, indicating their important roles in DM defense. In addition, a total of 43 and 52 RxLR effectors were detected during 'JL-7-2' and 'ZJ-1-1' infection processes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Li
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yin
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Qu
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Sun Y, Zou J, Sun H, Song W, Wang X, Li H. PmLX66 and PmW14: New Alleles of Pm2 for Resistance to Powdery Mildew in the Chinese Winter Wheat Cultivars Liangxing 66 and Wennong 14. PLANT DISEASE 2015; 99:1118-1124. [PMID: 30695937 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-14-1079-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Wheat powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) can be effectively managed by growing resistant cultivars. 'Liangxing 66' and 'Wennong 14' are the current winter wheat cultivars grown in northern China where powdery mildew is epidemic. Both cultivars have been demonstrated to carry single dominant genes for resistance to powdery mildew, tentatively designated PmLX66 and PmW14, on chromosome 5DS and share common linked markers with Pm2. Allelism tests were performed using a total of 15,657 plants of F2 segregating populations to determine the relationship between PmLX66, PmW14, and Pm2. All progeny from the crosses Liangxing 66 × 'Ulka/8*Chancellor' (Ulka/8*Cc), Wennong 14 × Ulka/8*Cc, and Liangxing 66 × Wennong 14 were resistant when tested with B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate E20, indicating that PmLX66 and PmW14 are allelic to Pm2 and to each other. Liangxing 66 was resistant to 76.7% of the 60 B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates from northern China, a slightly smaller proportion than Ulka/8*Cc (78.3%). However, Wennong 14 (85.0%) was more resistant against this set of B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates than Ulka/8*Cc and Liangxing 66. Liangxing 66 and Wennong 14 differed from Ulka/8*Cc in respect to a number of B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates. Based on these findings, PmLX66 and PmW14 are new alleles at the Pm2 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Sun
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
| | - Jingwei Zou
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081; and College of Life Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Huigai Sun
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081; and College of Life Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Wei Song
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081; and College of Life Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
| | - Hongjie Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
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Ma P, Xu H, Xu Y, Li L, Qie Y, Luo Q, Zhang X, Li X, Zhou Y, An D. Molecular mapping of a new powdery mildew resistance gene Pm2b in Chinese breeding line KM2939. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2015; 128:613-22. [PMID: 25673140 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
An allele of Pm2 for wheat powdery mildew resistance was identified in a putative Agropyron cristatum -derived line and used in wheat breeding programs. Powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt) is one of the most devastating wheat diseases worldwide. It is important to exploit varied sources of resistance from common wheat and its relatives in resistance breeding. KM2939, a Chinese breeding line, exhibits high resistance to powdery mildew at both the seedling and adult stages. It carries a single dominant powdery mildew resistance (Pm) allele of Pm2, designated Pm2b, the previous allelic designation Pm2 will be re-designated as Pm2a. Pm2b was mapped to chromosome arm 5DS and flanked by sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers SCAR112 and SCAR203 with genetic distances of 0.5 and 1.3 cM, respectively. Sequence tagged site (STS) marker Mag6176 and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker Cfd81 co-segregated with SCAR203. Pm2b differs in specificity from donors of Pm2a, Pm46 and PmLX66 on chromosome arm 5DS. Allelism tests indicated that Pm2b, Pm2a and PmLX66 are allelic. Therefore, Pm2b appears to be a new allele at the Pm2 locus. The closely linked markers were used to accelerate transfer of Pm2b to wheat cultivars in current production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Ma
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
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Zhan H, Li G, Zhang X, Li X, Guo H, Gong W, Jia J, Qiao L, Ren Y, Yang Z, Chang Z. Chromosomal location and comparative genomics analysis of powdery mildew resistance gene Pm51 in a putative wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum introgression line. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113455. [PMID: 25415194 PMCID: PMC4240596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) is a very destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum introgression line CH7086 was shown to possess powdery mildew resistance possibly originating from Th. ponticum. Genomic in situ hybridization and molecular characterization of the alien introgression failed to identify alien chromatin. To study the genetics of resistance, CH7086 was crossed with susceptible genotypes. Segregation in F2 populations and F2:3 lines tested with Chinese Bgt race E09 under controlled conditions indicated that CH7086 carries a single dominant gene for powdery mildew resistance. Fourteen SSR and EST-PCR markers linked with the locus were identified. The genetic distances between the locus and the two flanking markers were 1.5 and 3.2 cM, respectively. Based on the locations of the markers by nullisomic-tetrasomic and deletion lines of 'Chinese Spring', the resistance gene was located in deletion bin 2BL-0.89-1.00. Conserved orthologous marker analysis indicated that the genomic region flanking the resistance gene has a high level of collinearity to that of rice chromosome 4 and Brachypodium chromosome 5. Both resistance specificities and tests of allelism suggested the resistance gene in CH7086 was different from previously reported powdery mildew resistance genes on 2BL, and the gene was provisionally designated PmCH86. Molecular analysis of PmCH86 compared with other genes for resistance to Bgt in the 2BL-0.89-1.00 region suggested that PmCH86 may be a new PM resistance gene, and it was therefore designated as Pm51. The closely linked flanking markers could be useful in exploiting this putative wheat-Thinopyrum translocation line for rapid transfer of Pm51 to wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixian Zhan
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Crop Science Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Guangrong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Crop Science Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Crop Science Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Crop Science Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juqing Jia
- College of agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Linyi Qiao
- Crop Science Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yongkang Ren
- Crop Science Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zujun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhijian Chang
- Crop Science Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Lab of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Marone D, Russo MA, Laidò G, De Vita P, Papa R, Blanco A, Gadaleta A, Rubiales D, Mastrangelo AM. Genetic basis of qualitative and quantitative resistance to powdery mildew in wheat: from consensus regions to candidate genes. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:562. [PMID: 23957646 PMCID: PMC3765315 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat. The objective of this study was to identify the wheat genomic regions that are involved in the control of powdery mildew resistance through a quantitative trait loci (QTL) meta-analysis approach. This meta-analysis allows the use of collected QTL data from different published studies to obtain consensus QTL across different genetic backgrounds, thus providing a better definition of the regions responsible for the trait, and the possibility to obtain molecular markers that will be suitable for marker-assisted selection. Results Five QTL for resistance to powdery mildew were identified under field conditions in the durum-wheat segregating population Creso × Pedroso. An integrated map was developed for the projection of resistance genes/ alleles and the QTL from the present study and the literature, and to investigate their distribution in the wheat genome. Molecular markers that correspond to candidate genes for plant responses to pathogens were also projected onto the map, particularly considering NBS-LRR and receptor-like protein kinases. More than 80 independent QTL and 51 resistance genes from 62 different mapping populations were projected onto the consensus map using the Biomercator statistical software. Twenty-four MQTL that comprised 2–6 initial QTL that had widely varying confidence intervals were found on 15 chromosomes. The co-location of the resistance QTL and genes was investigated. Moreover, from analysis of the sequences of DArT markers, 28 DArT clones mapped on wheat chromosomes have been shown to be associated with the NBS-LRR genes and positioned in the same regions as the MQTL for powdery mildew resistance. Conclusions The results from the present study provide a detailed analysis of the genetic basis of resistance to powdery mildew in wheat. The study of the Creso × Pedroso durum-wheat population has revealed some QTL that had not been previously identified. Furthermore, the analysis of the co-localization of resistance loci and functional markers provides a large list of candidate genes and opens up a new perspective for the fine mapping and isolation of resistance genes, and for the marker-assisted improvement of resistance in wheat.
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