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Ma Y, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Zhang R, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Bo Y, Lyu X, Yang J, Zhang M, Hu Z. A large presence/absence variation in the promotor of the ClLOG gene determines trichome elongation in watermelon. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:98. [PMID: 38592431 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The ClLOG gene encoding a cytokinin riboside 5'-monophosphate phosphoribohydrolase determines trichome length in watermelon, which is associated with its promoter variations. Trichomes, which are differentiated from epidermal cells, are special accessory structures that cover the above-ground organs of plants and possibly contribute to biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Here, a bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of an F2 population with significant variations in trichome length was undertaken. A 1.84-Mb candidate region on chromosome 10 was associated with trichome length. Resequencing and fine-mapping analyses indicated that a 12-kb structural variation in the promoter of Cla97C10G203450 (ClLOG) led to a significant expression difference in this gene in watermelon lines with different trichome lengths. In addition, a virus-induced gene silencing analysis confirmed that ClLOG positively regulated trichome elongation. These findings provide new information and identify a potential target gene for controlling multicellular trichome elongation in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Ma
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Runqin Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Xie
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Bo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Breeding, Ningbo Weimeng Seed Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Lyu
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Breeding, Ningbo Weimeng Seed Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Chen H, Yuan YW. Genetic basis of nectar guide trichome variation between bumblebee- and self-pollinated monkeyflowers (Mimulus): role of the MIXTA-like gene GUIDELESS. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:62. [PMID: 38262916 PMCID: PMC10804488 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Nectar guide trichomes play crucial ecological roles in bee-pollinated flowers, as they serve as footholds and guides for foraging bees to access the floral rewards. However, the genetic basis of natural variation in nectar guide trichomes among species remains poorly understood. In this study, we performed genetic analysis of nectar guide trichome variation between two closely related monkeyflower (Mimulus) species, the bumblebee-pollinated Mimulus lewisii and self-pollinated M. parishii. We demonstrate that a MIXTA-like R2R3-MYB gene, GUIDELESS, is a major contributor to the nectar guide trichome length variation between the two species. The short-haired M. parishii carries a recessive allele due to non-synonymous substitutions in a highly conserved motif among MIXTA-like MYB proteins. Furthermore, our results suggest that besides GUIDELESS, additional loci encoding repressors of trichome elongation also contribute to the transition from bumblebee-pollination to selfing. Taken together, these results suggest that during a pollination syndrome switch, changes in seemingly complex traits such as nectar guide trichomes could have a relatively simple genetic basis, involving just a few genes of large effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Chen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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3
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Yang S, Wang X, Yan W, Zhang Y, Song P, Guo Y, Xie K, Hu J, Hou J, Wu Y, Zhu H, Sun S, Yang L. Melon yellow-green plant (Cmygp) encodes a Golden2-like transcription factor regulating chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:66. [PMID: 36949267 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A SNP mutation in CmYGP gene encoding Golden2-like transcription factor is responsible for melon yellow-green plant trait. Chlorophylls are essential and beneficial substances for both plant and human health. Identifying the regulatory network of chlorophyll is necessary to improve the nutritional quality of fruits. At least six etiolation genes have been identified in different melon varieties, but none of them have been cloned, and the molecular mechanisms underlying chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development in melon remain unclear. Here, the NSL73046, a yellow-green plant (Cmygp) mutant, enabled the map-based cloning of the first etiolation gene in melon. CmYGP encodes a Golden2-like transcription factor. Spatiotemporal expression analyses confirmed the high CmYGP expression in all green tissues, particularly in young leaves and fruit peels. Virus-induced gene silencing and the development of near-isogenic line by marker-assisted selection further confirmed that downregulation of CmYGP can reduce chloroplast number and chlorophyll content, thereby resulting in yellow-green leaves and fruits in melon, and overexpression of CmYGP in tomatoes also led to dark-green leaves and fruits. RNA-seq analysis revealed that CmYGP greatly affected the expression of key genes associated with chloroplast development. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that CmYGP regulate chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development thus affect fruit development in melon. This study also offers a new strategy to enhance fruit quality in melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenkai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Pengyao Song
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yaomiao Guo
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kuixi Xie
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jianbin Hu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Juan Hou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huayu Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Shouru Sun
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Luming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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4
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Sun Y, Ren T, Zhao J, Zhao W, Nie L. Expression patterns of ABCE model genes during flower development of melon (Cucumis melo L.). Gene Expr Patterns 2023; 47:119306. [PMID: 36739937 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2023.119306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In production, most cultivars of melon are andromonoecious and characterized by carrying both male and bisexual flowers on the same plant. In this study, four A-class genes (CmAP1a, CmAP1b, CmAP2a and CmAP2b), two B-class genes (CmAP3 and CmPI), two C-class genes (CmAGa and CmAGb) and four E-class genes (CmSEP1,2,3,4) were identified in melon. However, no D-class gene of melon was identified. The conserved domains of ABCE function proteins showed relatively high similarity between Arabidopsis and melon. The expression patterns of ABCE homeotic genes in different flower buds of melon suggested that transcripts of CmAP1a, CmPI and CmSEP1 in bisexual buds were significantly lower than that in male flower buds, while the expression levels of CmAGa, CmAGb and CmSEP4 in bisexual flower buds were significantly higher than that in male flower buds. There was no significant difference in expression levels of other ABCE model genes between male buds and bisexual buds. Subsequently, qRT-PCR was performed in different floral organs of bisexual flowers in melon. For A class genes, CmAP1a and CmAP1b showed the highest accumulation in sepals than petals, stamens and pistil, while CmAP2a and CmAP2b revealed the highest expression in pistil than other three floral organs. For B class genes, CmAP3 and CmPI were highly accumulated in petals and stamens though CmAP3 also showed abundant accumulation in pistil. For C class genes, the expression levels of CmAGa and CmAGb were higher in stamens and pistil than that in sepals and petals. For E class genes, CmSEP1 showed higher expression level in sepals and petals than stamens and pistil. CmSEP2, CmSEP3 and CmSEP4 showed the highest accumulation in pistil than other floral organs. These results provided a theoretical basis for studying the function of ABCE homeotic genes in floral organs development of melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Sun
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Tiantian Ren
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Jiateng Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetative Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Lanchun Nie
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetative Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
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5
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Chen R, Yang C, Gao H, Shi C, Zhang Z, Lu G, Shen X, Tang Y, Li F, Lu Y, Ouyang B. Induced mutation in ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 abolishes anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl of pepper. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3455-3468. [PMID: 35963933 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The causal gene, CaHY5 of a chemical induced green-hypocotyl mutant was identified by molecular mapping. CaHY5 regulates anthocyanin accumulation by directly binding to the promoter of genes in anthocyanin pathway. Morphological markers at seedling stage are useful indicators for F1 hybrid seeds screening. Pepper is a worldwide vegetable with diverse uses, and F1 hybrids are popular in the pepper industry. Hypocotyl color is a useful marker to identify F1 hybrid seeds. However, most pepper accessions have purple hypocotyl caused by anthocyanin accumulation, while green hypocotyl pepper accessions are rare. In this study, we identified a green hypocotyl mutant (e1898) from a pepper ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) mutant library. By combining bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR), genome resequencing and recombinant analysis, it was found that CaHY5 is the causal gene of this mutant. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CaHY5 resulted in the decrease of anthocyanin accumulation in pepper hypocotyls. RNA-seq data showed that many genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport decreased significantly in the mutant. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays showed that CaHY5 can bind to the promoter of CaF3H, CaF3'5'H, CaDFR, CaANS and CaGST, which are important genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis or transport. Our results indicate that CaHY5 directly regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport, thus governing anthocyanin accumulation in pepper hypocotyl. The mutant and gene identified in this work shall be valuable in the purity control of hybrid pepper seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Can Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hu Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunmei Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangyu Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinyan Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Feng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongen Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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6
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Dong M, Xue S, Bartholomew ES, Zhai X, Sun L, Xu S, Zhang Y, Yin S, Ma W, Chen S, Feng Z, Geng C, Li X, Liu X, Ren H. Transcriptomic and functional analysis provides molecular insights into multicellular trichome development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:301-314. [PMID: 35171294 PMCID: PMC9070826 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes, the hair-like structures located on aerial parts of most vascular plants, are associated with a wide array of biological processes and affect the economic value of certain species. The processes involved in unicellular trichome formation have been well-studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, our understanding of the morphological changes and the underlying molecular processes involved in multicellular trichome development is limited. Here, we studied the dynamic developmental processes involved in glandular and nonglandular multicellular trichome formation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and divided these processes into five sequential stages. To gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of multicellular trichome formation, we performed a time-course transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing analysis. A total of 711 multicellular trichome-related genes were screened and a model for multicellular trichome formation was developed. The transcriptome and co-expression datasets were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization. In addition, virus-induced gene silencing analysis revealed that CsHOMEOBOX3 (CsHOX3) and CsbHLH1 are involved in nonglandular trichome elongation and glandular trichome formation, respectively, which corresponds with the transcriptome data. This study presents a transcriptome atlas that provides insights into the molecular processes involved in multicellular trichome formation in cucumber and can be an important resource for future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Dong
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shudan Xue
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ezra S Bartholomew
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuling Zhai
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenyue Ma
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongxuan Feng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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A SNP Mutation in Homeodomain-DDT (HD-DDT) Transcription Factor Results in Multiple Trichomes ( mt) in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101478. [PMID: 34680876 PMCID: PMC8536133 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichome is a natural physical barrier protecting plants against environmental stresses, natural infestations, ultraviolet rays and pathogenicity. Trichome also helps plants in maintaining appropriate water content by reducing transpiration rate. The molecular mechanism regulating unicellular trichome development in Arabidopsis has been extensively elucidated, but the molecular mechanism regulating multicellular trichome development remains unclear. In this study, we identified a multiple trichomes (mt) mutant from a cucumber EMS (Ethylmethylsulfone) mutagenesis population. Genetic analysis indicated that an incomplete dominant gene controls the mt trait. Using a combination of map-based cloning and BSA-seq (Bulked Segregant Analysis -Sequencing), we identified the candidate gene, CsaV3_6G050410, responsible for the mt mutation. Sequence alignment revealed one base substitution in gene CsaV3_6G050410, resulting in an amino acid substitution. The deduced amino acid sequence of CsaV3_6G050410 encodes a HD-DDT (homeodomain-DDT) transcriptional regulatory protein containing a conserved homeobox domain and a DDT domain. Gene expression analysis revealed that the expression level of CsaV3_6G050410 in the mt mutant was similar to that in the WT (wild type). Transcriptome analysis indicated that the mt gene may regulate the development of the epidermis by influencing plant hormone signaling pathways or participating in several transcription factor pathways. The results of this study are fundamental for a better understanding of the function of the HD-DDT transcription factor in the trichome development of cucumber.
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Sharif R, Raza A, Chen P, Li Y, El-Ballat EM, Rauf A, Hano C, El-Esawi MA. HD-ZIP Gene Family: Potential Roles in Improving Plant Growth and Regulating Stress-Responsive Mechanisms in Plants. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081256. [PMID: 34440430 PMCID: PMC8394574 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the molecular foundation of the gene-regulatory systems underlying agronomic parameters or/and plant responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses is crucial for crop improvement. Thus, transcription factors, which alone or in combination directly regulated the targeted gene expression levels, are appropriate players for enlightening agronomic parameters through genetic engineering. In this regard, homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) genes family concerned with enlightening plant growth and tolerance to environmental stresses are considered key players for crop improvement. This gene family containing HD and LZ domain belongs to the homeobox superfamily. It is further classified into four subfamilies, namely HD-ZIP I, HD-ZIP II, HD-ZIP III, and HD-ZIP IV. The first HD domain-containing gene was discovered in maize cells almost three decades ago. Since then, with advanced technologies, these genes were functionally characterized for their distinct roles in overall plant growth and development under adverse environmental conditions. This review summarized the different functions of HD-ZIP genes in plant growth and physiological-related activities from germination to fruit development. Additionally, the HD-ZIP genes also respond to various abiotic and biotic environmental stimuli by regulating defense response of plants. This review, therefore, highlighted the various significant aspects of this important gene family based on the recent findings. The practical application of HD-ZIP biomolecules in developing bioengineered plants will not only mitigate the negative effects of environmental stresses but also increase the overall production of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ali Raza
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (M.A.E.-E.)
| | - Enas M. El-Ballat
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23430, Pakistan;
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France;
| | - Mohamed A. El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (M.A.E.-E.)
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9
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Transcriptome profiling of Capsicum annuum using Illumina- and PacBio SMRT-based RNA-Seq for in-depth understanding of genes involved in trichome formation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10164. [PMID: 33986344 PMCID: PMC8119447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomes, specialized epidermal cells located in aerial parts of plants, play indispensable roles in resisting abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the regulatory genes essential for multicellular trichrome development in Capsicum annuum L. (pepper) remain unclear. In this study, the transcript profiles of peppers GZZY-23 (hairy) and PI246331 (hairless) were investigated to gain insights into the genes responsible for the formation of multicellular trichomes. A total of 40,079 genes, including 4743 novel genes and 13,568 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), were obtained. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the most noticeable pathways were transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, and plant hormone signal transduction, which might be critical for multicellular trichome formation in hairy plants. We screened 11 DEGs related to trichome development; 151 DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction; 312 DEGs belonging to the MYB, bHLH, HD-Zip, and zinc finger transcription factor families; and 1629 DEGs predicted as plant resistance genes (PRGs). Most of these DEGs were highly expressed in GZZY-23 or trichomes. Several homologs of trichome regulators, such as SlCycB2, SlCycB3, and H, were considerably upregulated in GZZY-23, especially in the trichomes. The transcriptomic data generated in this study provide a basis for future characterization of trichome formation in pepper.
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Ge C, Zhao W, Nie L, Niu S, Fang S, Duan Y, Zhao J, Guo K, Zhang Q. Transcriptome profiling reveals the occurrence mechanism of bisexual flowers in melon (Cucumis melo L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110694. [PMID: 33218617 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most cultivated melons are andromonoecies in which male flowers arose both in main stem and lateral branches but bisexual flowers only emerged from the leaf axils of lateral branches. However, bisexual flowers emerged in leaf axils of main stem after ethephon treatment. Therefore, the mechanism regulating the occurrence of bisexual flowers were investigated by performing transcriptome analysis in two comparison sets: shoot apex of main stem (MA) versus that of lateral branches (LA), and shoot apex of main stem after ethephon treatment (Eth) versus control (Cont). KEGG results showed that genes involved in "plant hormone signal transduction", "MAPK signaling pathway" and "carbon metabolism" were significantly upregulated both in LA and Eth. Further, details of DEGs involved in ethylene signaling pathway were surveyed and six genes were co-upregulated in two comparison sets. Among these, CmERF1, downstream in ethylene signaling pathway, showed the most significantly difference and expressed higher in bisexual buds than that in male buds. Furthermore, fifteen DEGs were found to contain GCC box or CRT/DRE cis-element for CmERF1 in their putative promoter region, and these DEGs involved in several plant hormones signaling pathway, camalexin synthesis, carbon metabolism and plant pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ge
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding, Hebei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei, China.
| | - Lanchun Nie
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding, Hebei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei, China.
| | - Shance Niu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Siyu Fang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yaqian Duan
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jiateng Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Kedong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Yang S, Zhang K, Zhu H, Zhang X, Yan W, Xu N, Liu D, Hu J, Wu Y, Weng Y, Yang L. Melon short internode (CmSi) encodes an ERECTA-like receptor kinase regulating stem elongation through auxin signaling. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:202. [PMID: 33328451 PMCID: PMC7705010 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly determines plant architecture, and compact or dwarf plants can allow for increased planting density and land utilization as well as increased lodging resistance and economic yield. At least four dwarf/semidwarf genes have been identified in different melon varieties, but none of them have been cloned, and little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying internode elongation in melon. Here, we report map-based cloning and functional characterization of the first semidwarf gene short internode (Cmsi) in melon, which encodes an ERECTA-like receptor kinase regulating internode elongation. Spatial-temporal expression analyses revealed that CmSI exhibited high expression in the vascular bundle of the main stem during internode elongation. The expression level of CmSI was positively correlated with stem length in the different melon varieties examined. Ectopic expression of CmSI in Arabidopsis and cucumber suggested CmSI as a positive regulator of internode elongation in both species. Phytohormone quantitation and transcriptome analysis showed that the auxin content and the expression levels of a number of genes involved in the auxin signaling pathway were altered in the semidwarf mutant, including several well-known auxin transporters, such as members of the ABCB family and PIN-FORMED genes. A melon polar auxin transport protein CmPIN2 was identified by protein-protein interaction assay as physically interacting with CmSI to modulate auxin signaling. Thus, CmSI functions in an auxin-dependent regulatory pathway to control internode elongation in melon. Our findings revealed that the ERECTA family gene CmSI regulates stem elongation in melon through auxin signaling, which can directly affect polar auxin transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaige Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huayu Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Xu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongming Liu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Hu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Luming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
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Tan Y, Barnbrook M, Wilson Y, Molnár A, Bukys A, Hudson A. Shared Mutations in a Novel Glutaredoxin Repressor of Multicellular Trichome Fate Underlie Parallel Evolution of Antirrhinum Species. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1357-1366.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Yang YY, Shan W, Kuang JF, Chen JY, Lu WJ. Four HD-ZIPs are involved in banana fruit ripening by activating the transcription of ethylene biosynthetic and cell wall-modifying genes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:351-362. [PMID: 31784771 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Four MaHDZs are possibly involved in banana fruit ripening by activating the transcription of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and cell wall degradation, such as MaACO5, MaEXP2, MaEXPA10, MaPG4 and MaPL4. The homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) proteins represent plant-specific transcription factors, which contribute to various plant physiological processes. However, little information is available regarding the association of HD-ZIPs with banana fruit ripening. In this study, we identified a total of 96 HD-ZIP genes in banana genome, which were divided into four different groups consisting of 35, 31, 9 and 21 members in the I, II, III and IV subfamilies, respectively. The expression patterns of MaHDZ genes during fruit ripening showed that MaHDZI.19, MaHDZI.26, MaHDZII.4 and MaHDZII.7 were significantly up-regulated in the ripening stage and thus suggested to be potential regulators of banana fruit ripening. Furthermore, MaHDZI.19, MaHDZI.26, MaHDZII.4 and MaHDZII.7 were found to localize exclusively in the nucleus and exhibit transcriptional activation capacities. Importantly, MaHDZI.19, MaHDZI.26, MaHDZII.4 and MaHDZII.7 stimulated the transcription of several ripening-related genes including MaACO5 related to ethylene biosynthesis, MaEXP2, MaEXPA10, MaPG4 and MaPL4 were associated with cell wall degradation, through directly binding to their promoters. Taken together, our findings expand the functions of HD-ZIP transcription factors and identify four MaHDZs likely involved in regulating banana fruit ripening by activating the expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and cell wall modification, which may have potential application in banana molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest, Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest, Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jian-Fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest, Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest, Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wang-Jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest, Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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