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Hong E, Bankole IA, Zhao B, Shi G, Buck JW, Feng J, Curland RD, Baldwin T, Chapara V, Liu Z. DNA Markers, Pathogenicity Test, and Multilocus Sequence Analysis to Differentiate and Characterize Cereal-Specific Xanthomonas translucens Strains. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:2062-2072. [PMID: 37551962 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-22-0381-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas translucens contains a group of bacterial pathogens that are closely related and have been divided into several pathovars based on their host range. X. translucens pv. undulosa (Xtu) and X. translucens pv. translucens (Xtt) are two important pathovars that cause bacterial leaf streak disease on wheat and barley, respectively. In this study, DNA markers were developed to differentiate Xtu and Xtt and were then used to characterize a collection of X. translucens strains with diverse origins, followed by confirmation and characterization with pathogenicity tests and multilocus sequence analysis/typing (MLSA/MLST). We first developed cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers based on the single-nucleotide polymorphisms within a cereal pathovar-specific DNA sequence. In addition, two Xtt-specific markers, designated Xtt-XopM and Xtt-SP1, were developed from comparative genomics among the sequenced Xtt/Xtu genomes. Using the developed markers, a collection of X. translucens strains were successfully identified as Xtu or Xtt. Pathogenicity tests on wheat and barley plants and MLSA of four housekeeping genes validated the pathovar assignation of those strains. Furthermore, MLSA revealed distinct subclades within both Xtu and Xtt groups. Seven and three sequence types were identified from MLST for Xtu and Xtt strains, respectively. The establishment of efficient Xtt/Xtu differentiation methods and characterization of those strains will be useful in studying disease epidemiology and host-pathogen interactions and breeding programs when screening for sources of resistance for these two important bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Hong
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
| | - Ibukunoluwa A Bankole
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
| | - Gongjun Shi
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
| | - James W Buck
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, U.S.A
| | - Jie Feng
- Alberta Plant Health Lab, Crop Diversification Centre North, AAFRED, Edmonton, AB, T5Y 6H3, Canada
| | - Rebecca D Curland
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Thomas Baldwin
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
| | - Venkata Chapara
- Langdon Research Extension Center, ND Agricultural Experimental Station, Langdon, ND 58249, U.S.A
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
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Alhashel AF, Fiedler JD, Nandety RS, Skiba RM, Bruggeman RS, Baldwin T, Friesen TL, Yang S. Genetic and physical localization of a major susceptibility gene to Pyrenophora teres f. maculata in barley. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:118. [PMID: 37103563 PMCID: PMC10140075 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Genetic characterization of a major spot form net blotch susceptibility locus to using linkage mapping to identify a candidate gene and user-friendly markers in barley. Spot form net blotch (SFNB), caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm), is an economically important foliar diseases in barley. Although various resistance loci have been identified, breeding for SFNB-resistant varieties has been hampered due to the complex virulence profile of Ptm populations. One resistance locus in the host may be effective against one specific isolate, but it may confer susceptibility to other isolates. A major susceptibility QTL on chromosome 7H, named Sptm1, was consistently identified in many studies. In the present study, we conduct fine mapping to localize Sptm1 with high resolution. A segregating population was developed from selected F2 progenies of the cross Tradition (S) × PI 67381 (R), in which the disease phenotype was determined by the Sptm1 locus alone. Disease phenotypes of critical recombinants were confirmed in the following two consecutive generations. Genetic mapping anchored the Sptm1 gene to an ⁓400 kb region on chromosome 7H. Gene prediction and annotation identified six protein-coding genes in the delimited Sptm1 region, and the gene encoding a putative cold-responsive protein kinase was selected as a strong candidate. Therefore, providing fine localization and candidate of Sptm1 for functional validation, our study will facilitate the understanding of susceptibility mechanism underlying the barley-Ptm interaction and offers a potential target for gene editing to develop valuable materials with broad-spectrum resistance to SFNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah F Alhashel
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jason D Fiedler
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
- Cereals Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Raja Sekhar Nandety
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
- Cereals Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Ryan M Skiba
- Cereals Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Robert S Bruggeman
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Thomas Baldwin
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Timothy L Friesen
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
- Cereals Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Shengming Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
- Cereals Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
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Clare SJ, Çelik Oğuz A, Effertz K, Karakaya A, Azamparsa MR, Brueggeman RS. Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) and landraces (Hordeum vulgare) from Turkey contain an abundance of novel Rhynchosporium commune resistance loci. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:15. [PMID: 36662256 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rhynchosporium commune is a globally devastating pathogen of barley. Wild and landrace barley are underutilized, however, contain an abundance of loci that can be used as potential sources of resistance. Rhynchosporium commune, the causal agent of the disease scald or leaf blotch of barley, is a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen of global importance, responsible for yield losses ranging from 30 to 40% on susceptible varieties. To date, over 150 resistance loci have been characterized in barley. However, due to the suspected location of the R. commune host jump in Europe, European germplasm has been the primary source used to screen for R. commune resistance leaving wild (Hordeum spontaneum) and landrace (H. vulgare) barley populations from the center of origin largely underutilized. A diverse population consisting of 94 wild and 188 barley landraces from Turkey were genotyped using PCR-GBS amplicon sequencing and screened with six Turkish R. commune isolates. The isolates were collected from distinct geographic regions of Turkey with two from the Aegean region, two from central Turkey and two from the Fertile Crescent region. The data set was utilized for association mapping analysis with a total of 21 loci identified, of which 12 were novel, indicating that these diverse primary barley gene pools contain an abundance of novel R. commune resistances that could be utilized for resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun J Clare
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Arzu Çelik Oğuz
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dışkapı, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Karl Effertz
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Aziz Karakaya
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dışkapı, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Reza Azamparsa
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Robert S Brueggeman
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA.
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Johnson Hall Rm. 115, PO Box 646420, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA.
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Skiba RM, Wyatt NA, Kariyawasam GK, Fiedler JD, Yang S, Brueggeman RS, Friesen TL. Host and pathogen genetics reveal an inverse gene-for-gene association in the P. teres f. maculata-barley pathosystem. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3597-3609. [PMID: 36065067 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen and host genetics were used to uncover an inverse gene-for-gene interaction where virulence genes from the pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. maculata target barley susceptibility genes, resulting in disease. Although models have been proposed to broadly explain how plants and pathogens interact and coevolve, each interaction evolves independently, resulting in various scenarios of host manipulation and plant defense. Spot form net blotch is a foliar disease of barley caused by Pyrenophora teres f. maculata. We developed a barley population (Hockett × PI 67381) segregating for resistance to a diverse set of P. teres f. maculata isolates. Quantitative trait locus analysis identified major loci on barley chromosomes (Chr) 2H and 7H associated with resistance/susceptibility. Subsequently, we used avirulent and virulent P. teres f. maculata isolates to develop a pathogen population, identifying two major virulence loci located on Chr1 and Chr2. To further characterize this host-pathogen interaction, progeny from the pathogen population harboring virulence alleles at either the Chr1 or Chr2 locus was phenotyped on the Hockett × PI 67381 population. Progeny harboring only the Chr1 virulence allele lost the barley Chr7H association but maintained the 2H association. Conversely, isolates harboring only the Chr2 virulence allele lost the barley Chr2H association but maintained the 7H association. Hockett × PI 67381 F2 individuals showed susceptible/resistant ratios not significantly different than 15:1 and results from F2 inoculations using the single virulence genotypes were not significantly different from a 3:1 (S:R) ratio, indicating two dominant susceptibility genes. Collectively, this work shows that P. teres f. maculata virulence alleles at the Chr1 and Chr2 loci are targeting the barley 2H and 7H susceptibility alleles in an inverse gene-for-gene manner to facilitate colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Skiba
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schaffer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Nathan A Wyatt
- USDA-ARS, Sugar Beet and Potato Research Unit, Edward T. Schaffer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Gayan K Kariyawasam
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Jason D Fiedler
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schaffer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Shengming Yang
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schaffer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Robert S Brueggeman
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA
| | - Timothy L Friesen
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schaffer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
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Clare SJ, Çelik Oğuz A, Effertz K, Sharma Poudel R, See D, Karakaya A, Brueggeman RS. Genome-wide association mapping of Pyrenophora teres f. maculata and Pyrenophora teres f. teres resistance loci utilizing natural Turkish wild and landrace barley populations. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2021; 11:6332006. [PMID: 34849783 PMCID: PMC8527468 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Unimproved landraces and wild relatives of crops are sources of genetic diversity that
were lost post domestication in modern breeding programs. To tap into this rich resource,
genome-wide association studies in large plant genomes have enabled the rapid genetic
characterization of desired traits from natural landrace and wild populations. Wild barley
(Hordeum spontaneum), the progenitor of domesticated barley
(Hordeum vulgare), is dispersed across Asia and North Africa, and has
co-evolved with the ascomycetous fungal pathogens Pyrenophora teres f.
teres and P. teres f. maculata, the
causal agents of the diseases net form of net blotch and spot form of net blotch,
respectively. Thus, these wild and local adapted barley landraces from the region of
origin of both the host and pathogen represent a diverse gene pool to identify new sources
of resistance, due to millions of years of co-evolution. The barley—P.
teres pathosystem is governed by complex genetic interactions with dominant,
recessive, and incomplete resistances and susceptibilities, with many isolate-specific
interactions. Here, we provide the first genome-wide association study of wild and
landrace barley from the Fertile Crescent for resistance to both forms of P.
teres. A total of 14 loci, four against P. teres f.
maculata and 10 against P. teres f.
teres, were identified in both wild and landrace populations, showing
that both are genetic reservoirs for novel sources of resistance. We also highlight the
importance of using multiple algorithms to both identify and validate additional loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun J Clare
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Arzu Çelik Oğuz
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dışkapı, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Karl Effertz
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | | | - Deven See
- Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Aziz Karakaya
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dışkapı, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Robert S Brueggeman
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
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Alhashel AF, Sharma Poudel R, Fiedler J, Carlson CH, Rasmussen J, Baldwin T, Friesen TL, Brueggeman RS, Yang S. Genetic mapping of host resistance to the Pyrenophora teres f. maculata isolate 13IM8.3. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6377783. [PMID: 34586371 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Spot form net blotch (SFNB), caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm), is a foliar disease of barley that results in significant yield losses in major growing regions worldwide. Understanding the host-parasite interactions between pathogen virulence/avirulence genes and the corresponding host susceptibility/resistance genes is important for the deployment of genetic resistance against SFNB. Two recombinant inbred mapping populations were developed to characterize genetic resistance/susceptibility to the Ptm isolate 13IM8.3, which was collected from Idaho (ID). An Illumina Infinium array was used to produce a genome wide marker set. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis identified ten significant resistance/susceptibility loci, with two of the QTL being common to both populations. One of the QTL on 5H appears to be novel, while the remaining loci have been reported previously. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely linked to or delimiting the significant QTL have been converted to user-friendly markers. Loci and associated molecular markers identified in this study will be useful in genetic mapping and deployment of the genetic resistance to SFNB in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Fahad Alhashel
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roshan Sharma Poudel
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Jason Fiedler
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Cereals Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agriculture Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Craig H Carlson
- Cereals Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agriculture Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Jack Rasmussen
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Thomas Baldwin
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Timothy L Friesen
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Cereals Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agriculture Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Robert S Brueggeman
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Shengming Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Cereals Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agriculture Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
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Backes A, Guerriero G, Ait Barka E, Jacquard C. Pyrenophora teres: Taxonomy, Morphology, Interaction With Barley, and Mode of Control. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:614951. [PMID: 33889162 PMCID: PMC8055952 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.614951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Net blotch, induced by the ascomycete Pyrenophora teres, has become among the most important disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Easily recognizable by brown reticulated stripes on the sensitive barley leaves, net blotch reduces the yield by up to 40% and decreases seed quality. The life cycle, the mode of dispersion and the development of the pathogen, allow a quick contamination of the host. Crop residues, seeds, and wild grass species are the inoculum sources to spread the disease. The interaction between the barley plant and the fungus is complex and involves physiological changes with the emergence of symptoms on barley and genetic changes including the modulation of different genes involved in the defense pathways. The genes of net blotch resistance have been identified and their localizations are distributed on seven barley chromosomes. Considering the importance of this disease, several management approaches have been performed to control net blotch. One of them is the use of beneficial bacteria colonizing the rhizosphere, collectively referred to as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. Several studies have reported the protective role of these bacteria and their metabolites against potential pathogens. Based on the available data, we expose a comprehensive review of Pyrenophora teres including its morphology, interaction with the host plant and means of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Backes
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Wyatt NA, Friesen TL. Four Reference Quality Genome Assemblies of Pyrenophora teres f. maculata: A Resource for Studying the Barley Spot Form Net Blotch Interaction. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:135-139. [PMID: 33054576 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-20-0228-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pyrenophora teres is the causal agent of net blotch, the most devastating foliar disease of barley. In nature, net blotch is seen in two forms, net form net blotch, caused by P. teres f. teres, and spot form net blotch, caused by P. teres f. maculata. To date, 11 P. teres f. teres genomes have been sequenced and deposited in publicly available repositories, but only one P. teres f. maculata genome has been publicly deposited. Here, we present four additional reference-quality full-genome sequences of P. teres f. maculata isolates with good geographical and phenotypic diversity, with accompanying RNA sequencing-based genome annotations. These additional P. teres f. maculata genomes will aid in the understanding of the genomic complexities of this important barley pathogen.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Wyatt
- USDA-ARS Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
| | - Timothy L Friesen
- USDA-ARS Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
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Clare SJ, Wyatt NA, Brueggeman RS, Friesen TL. Research advances in the Pyrenophora teres-barley interaction. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:272-288. [PMID: 31837102 PMCID: PMC6988421 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pyrenophora teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata are significant pathogens that cause net blotch of barley. An increased number of loci involved in P. teres resistance or susceptibility responses of barley as well as interacting P. teres virulence effector loci have recently been identified through biparental and association mapping studies of both the pathogen and host. Characterization of the resistance/susceptibility loci in the host and the interacting effector loci in the pathogen will provide a path for targeted gene validation for better-informed release of resistant barley cultivars. This review assembles concise consensus maps for all loci published for both the host and pathogen, providing a useful resource for the community to be used in pathogen characterization and barley breeding for resistance to both forms of P. teres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun J. Clare
- Department of Plant PathologyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND58108‐6050USA
| | - Nathan A. Wyatt
- Department of Plant PathologyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND58108‐6050USA
| | - Robert S. Brueggeman
- Department of Plant PathologyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND58108‐6050USA
- Present address:
Department of Crop and Soil ScienceWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164‐6420
| | - Timothy L. Friesen
- Department of Plant PathologyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND58108‐6050USA
- USDA‐ARS Cereal Crops Research UnitNorthern Crop Science LaboratoryEdward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center1616 Albrecht Boulevard NFargoND58102‐2765USA
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