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Lippolis A, Roland WSU, Bocova O, Pouvreau L, Trindade LM. The challenge of breeding for reduced off-flavor in faba bean ingredients. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1286803. [PMID: 37965015 PMCID: PMC10642941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1286803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in plant protein sources, such as pulses, is driven by the necessity for sustainable food production and climate change mitigation strategies. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a promising protein crop for temperate climates, owing to its remarkable yield potential (up to 8 tonnes ha-1 in favourable growing conditions) and high protein content (~29% dry matter basis). Nevertheless, the adoption of faba bean protein in plant-based products that aim to resemble animal-derived counterparts is hindered by its distinctive taste and aroma, regarded as "off-flavors". In this review, we propose to introduce off-flavor as a trait in breeding programs by identifying molecules involved in sensory perception and defining key breeding targets. We discuss the role of lipid oxidation in producing volatile and non-volatile compounds responsible for the beany aroma and bitter taste, respectively. We further investigate the contribution of saponin, tannin, and other polyphenols to bitterness and astringency. To develop faba bean varieties with diminished off-flavors, we suggest targeting genes to reduce lipid oxidation, such as lipoxygenases (lox) and fatty acid desaturases (fad), and genes involved in phenylpropanoid and saponin biosynthesis, such as zero-tannin (zt), chalcone isomerase (chi), chalcone synthase (chs), β-amyrin (bas1). Additionally, we address potential challenges, including the need for high-throughput phenotyping and possible limitations that could arise during the genetic improvement process. The breeding approach can facilitate the use of faba bean protein in plant-based food such as meat and dairy analogues more extensively, fostering a transition toward more sustainable and climate-resilient diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lippolis
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wibke S. U. Roland
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ornela Bocova
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Laurice Pouvreau
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Abd El-Aty MS, El-Hity MA, Abo Sen TM, El-Rahaman IAEA, Ibrahim OM, Al-Farga A, El-Tahan AM. Generation Mean Analysis, Heterosis, and Genetic Diversity in Five Egyptian Faba Beans and Their Hybrids. SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 15:12313. [DOI: 10.3390/su151612313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a major legume crop; thus, it is important to apply various biometrical techniques to develop the most efficient breeding procedures to face biotic and abiotic stressors. During the four consecutive winter seasons of 2017–2021, five populations of five faba bean hybrids were studied at Sakha agricultural research station in Egypt. Five basic generations, including two parents (P1 and P2) and the first, second, and third generations, were studied. This analysis found significant variations between generations in all attributes studied in all crosses (P1, P2, F1, F2, and F3). Sakha 4 was the earliest parent (138 days) based on the maturity date, whereas Giza 40 had the most significant number of pods and seeds per plant (25.68–78.94), and Giza 716 had the tallest plant height (124.00 cm). Giza 843 and Sakha 4 had the highest seed yield per plant values (62.84 g and 61.77 g). The data demonstrated highly substantial heterosis in the favorable direction over mid and better parents for all features, except for the number of branches in Cross 3 (Giza 40 × Giza 843) over mid and better parents and a maturity date in Cross 1 over mid parents. Contrarily, opposite-direction dominance and dominance × dominance effects increased narrow-sense heredity. Broad-sense heritability values for all examined characteristics were high in all crosses, ranging from 90.24% to 97.67%. In both Crosses 5 (Giza 716 × Qahera 4) and 3, genetic advance through selection ranged from 1.73% at the maturity date to 95.12% for seed yield per plant. Cross 3 (Giza 40 × Giza 843) had the greatest number of branches, pods, and seeds per plant. In conclusion, this study advances our understanding of employing faba beans in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Abd El-Aty
- Argonomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafer El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 6860404, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. El-Hity
- Argonomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafer El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 6860404, Egypt
| | - Tharwat M. Abo Sen
- Food Legumes Program, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | | | - Omar M. Ibrahim
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Ammar Al-Farga
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Skovbjerg CK, Angra D, Robertson-Shersby-Harvie T, Kreplak J, Keeble-Gagnère G, Kaur S, Ecke W, Windhorst A, Nielsen LK, Schiemann A, Knudsen J, Gutierrez N, Tagkouli V, Fechete LI, Janss L, Stougaard J, Warsame A, Alves S, Khazaei H, Link W, Torres AM, O'Sullivan DM, Andersen SU. Genetic analysis of global faba bean diversity, agronomic traits and selection signatures. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:114. [PMID: 37074596 PMCID: PMC10115707 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We identified marker-trait associations for key faba bean agronomic traits and genomic signatures of selection within a global germplasm collection. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a high-protein grain legume crop with great potential for sustainable protein production. However, little is known about the genetics underlying trait diversity. In this study, we used 21,345 high-quality SNP markers to genetically characterize 2678 faba bean genotypes. We performed genome-wide association studies of key agronomic traits using a seven-parent-MAGIC population and detected 238 significant marker-trait associations linked to 12 traits of agronomic importance. Sixty-five of these were stable across multiple environments. Using a non-redundant diversity panel of 685 accessions from 52 countries, we identified three subpopulations differentiated by geographical origin and 33 genomic regions subjected to strong diversifying selection between subpopulations. We found that SNP markers associated with the differentiation of northern and southern accessions explained a significant proportion of agronomic trait variance in the seven-parent-MAGIC population, suggesting that some of these traits were targets of selection during breeding. Our findings point to genomic regions associated with important agronomic traits and selection, facilitating faba bean genomics-based breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Kiel Skovbjerg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Deepti Angra
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Kreplak
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Sukhjiwan Kaur
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Ecke
- Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alex Windhorst
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, DNPW, Carl-Sprengel 1, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Natalia Gutierrez
- Área de Mejora Vegetal y Biotecnología, IFAPA Centro "Alameda del Obispo", Apdo 3092, 14080, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vasiliki Tagkouli
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Lavinia Ioana Fechete
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Luc Janss
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ahmed Warsame
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sheila Alves
- Crops Research, Teagasc, Oak Park, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Hamid Khazaei
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, DNPW, Carl-Sprengel 1, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Torres
- Área de Mejora Vegetal y Biotecnología, IFAPA Centro "Alameda del Obispo", Apdo 3092, 14080, Córdoba, Spain
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Adhikari KN, Khazaei H, Ghaouti L, Maalouf F, Vandenberg A, Link W, O'Sullivan DM. Conventional and Molecular Breeding Tools for Accelerating Genetic Gain in Faba Bean ( Vicia Faba L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:744259. [PMID: 34721470 PMCID: PMC8548637 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.744259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Faba bean is a cool-season grain legume crop, which is grown worldwide for food and feed. Despite a decrease in area under faba bean in the past, the interest in growing faba bean is increasing globally due to its high seed protein content and its excellent ecological service. The crop is, however, exposed to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses causing unstable, low grain yield. Although, sources of resistance to main diseases, such as ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae Speg.), rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae (Pers.) Schroet.), chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) and gall disease (Physioderma viciae), have been identified, their resistance is only partial and cannot prevent grain yield losses without agronomical practices. Tightly associated DNA markers for host plant resistance genes are needed to enhance the level of resistance. Less progress has been made for abiotic stresses. Different breeding methods are proposed, but until now line breeding, based on the pedigree method, is the dominant practice in breeding programs. Nonetheless, the low seed multiplication coefficient and the requirement for growing under insect-proof enclosures to avoid outcrossing hampers breeding, along with the lack of tools such as double haploid system and cytoplasmic male sterility. This reduces breeding population size and speed of breeding hence the chances of capturing rare combinations of favorable alleles. Availability and use of the DNA markers such as vicine-convicine (vc -) and herbicide tolerance in breeding programs have encouraged breeders and given confidence in marker assisted selection. Closely linked QTL for several biotic and abiotic stress tolerance are available and their verification and conversion in breeder friendly platform will enhance the selection process. Recently, genomic selection and speed breeding techniques together with genomics have come within reach to accelerate the genetic gains in faba bean. Advancements in genomic resources with other breeding tools, methods and platforms will enable to accelerate the breeding process for enhancing genetic gain in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar N. Adhikari
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Plant Breeding Institute, Narrabri, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Lamiae Ghaouti
- Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Department of Plant Production, Protection and Biotechnology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fouad Maalouf
- International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Donal M. O'Sullivan
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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