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Li X, Zhong T, Tang R, Wu C, Xie Y, Liu F, Zhou Z. PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression in Peripheral CD4/CD8+ T Cells Is Restored in the Partial Remission Phase in Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5814248. [PMID: 32236416 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Partial remission (PR) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is accompanied by downregulation of the immune response. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) are important immunosuppressive molecules, but their changes in the PR phase are unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the dynamic changes of PD-1/PD-L1 expression on T cells around the PR phase in T1D. METHODS Ninety-eight T1D patients were recruited cross-sectionally and grouped according to PR status into nonremitters (individuals who did not undergo PR during the disease course; n = 39), pre-PR (n = 15), mid-PR (n = 30), and post-PR (n = 14) subgroups. PR was defined according to C-peptide level ≥300 pmol/L or index of insulin-adjusted hemoglobin A1c ≤9 as recommended. Among all the 98 patients, 29 newly diagnosed individuals were prospectively followed up for 1 year. The dynamic changes of PD-1/PD-L1 expression, frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and IL-35+ Tregs among peripheral CD4/CD8+ T cells were determined. RESULTS PD-1/PD-L1 on CD4+/CD8+ T cells showed a dynamic change around the PR phase: lowest in pre-PR phase, restored in mid-PR phase, and declined again in post-PR phase. Conversely, this pattern did not occur for nonremitters. Notably, PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells in mid-PR was positively correlated with the length of the PR phase. The percentages of circulating Tregs and IL-35+ Tregs showed no relation to PR. CONCLUSIONS The PR phase is associated with restoration of PD-1/PD-L1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, suggesting that PD-1/PD-L1 may be a potential target for prolonging this phase in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
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Xie A, Li R, Jiang T, Yan H, Zhang H, Yang Y, Yang L, Yechoor V, Chan L, Chen W. Anti-TCRβ mAb in Combination With Neurogenin3 Gene Therapy Reverses Established Overt Type 1 Diabetes in Female NOD Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3140-3151. [PMID: 28977608 PMCID: PMC5659705 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are destroyed by T lymphocytes. We investigated whether targeting the T-cell receptor (TCR) with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) abrogates T-cell response against residual and newly formed islets in overtly diabetic nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. NOD mice with blood glucose levels of 250 to 350 mg/dL or 350 to 450 mg/dL were considered as new-onset or established overt diabetes, respectively. These diabetic NOD mice were transiently treated with an anti-TCR β chain (TCRβ) mAb, H57-597, for 5 days. Two weeks later, some NOD mice with established overt diabetes further received hepatic gene therapy using the islet-lineage determining gene Neurogenin3 (Ngn3), in combination with the islet growth factor gene betacellulin (Btc). We found that anti-TCRβ mAb (50 µg/d) reversed >80% new-onset diabetes in NOD mice for >14 weeks by reducing the number of effector T cells in the pancreas. However, anti-TCRβ mAb therapy alone reversed only ∼20% established overt diabetes in these mice. Among those overtly diabetic NOD mice whose diabetes was resistant to anti-TCRβ mAb treatment, ∼60% no longer had diabetes when they also received Ngn3-Btc hepatic gene transfer 2 weeks after initial anti-TCRβ mAb treatment. This combination of Ngn3-Btc gene therapy and anti-TCRβ mAb treatment induced the sustained formation of periportal insulin-producing cells in the liver of overtly diabetic mice. Therefore, directly targeting TCRβ with a mAb potently reverses new-onset T1D in NOD mice and protects residual and newly formed gene therapy-induced hepatic neo-islets from T-cell‒mediated destruction in mice with established overt diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Betacellulin/genetics
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy
- Female
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/cytology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/immunology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/physiology
- Islets of Langerhans/cytology
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Liver/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Aini Xie
- Center for Immunobiology and Transplantation Research, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Diabetes & Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rongying Li
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Diabetes & Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tao Jiang
- Center for Immunobiology and Transplantation Research, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Hui Yan
- Center for Immunobiology and Transplantation Research, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Hedong Zhang
- Center for Immunobiology and Transplantation Research, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yisheng Yang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Diabetes & Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lina Yang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Diabetes & Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Vijay Yechoor
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Diabetes & Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lawrence Chan
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Diabetes & Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Center for Immunobiology and Transplantation Research, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Diabetes & Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
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