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Kwak Y, Song MH, Yu JW, Lee JH. Dissipation Kinetics and Risk Assessment of Diniconazole, Dinotefuran, Metconazole, and Tebuconazole in Raphanus sativus L. Foods 2023; 12:2846. [PMID: 37569115 PMCID: PMC10417377 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the degradation characteristics and conducted a risk assessment of four pesticides (Diniconazole, Dinotefuran, Metconazole, and Tebuconazole) in the leaves and roots of radish. Radish was cultivated in two greenhouse fields, and samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after pesticide application. Sample analysis was performed using LC-MS/MS, and the recovery rates ranged from 70.1% to 118.6%. The biological half-life of Diniconazole was found to be 6.2 days (leaf and root), Dinotefuran was 5.3 days (leaf) and 4.6 days (root), Metconazole was 9.3 days (leaf) and 3.2 days (root), and Tebuconazole was 8.0 days (leaf) and 5.1 days (root). After comparing the maximum residue limits (MRL) of each pesticide in Korea with the residues during the pre-harvest interval (PHI), Diniconazole showed a Hazard quotient (HQ) exceeding 1, indicating potential risks for true consumers. Furthermore, Tebuconazole showed an HQ of 0.3 or higher, indicating a significant level of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunseon Kwak
- Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Gyeongin Regional Office of Food and Drug Safety, Incheon 22133, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Song
- Department of Crop Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woo Yu
- Department of Crop Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Gupta S, Garg NK, Shekhawat K. Regulation of Paraquat for wheat crop contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:70909-70920. [PMID: 35595893 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat is a highly toxic and persistent pesticide in soil but is still used for wheat crops in many countries. Paraquat can pose potential health hazards if it is translocated from soil into wheat grains, but no study is available for its possible translocation causing wheat grain contamination. The present study aimed at finding out Paraquat residue in wheat grains under field conditions for two crop seasons to explore the sustainability of this pesticide. The experiments were conducted scientifically under field conditions at agricultural fields Pusa, Delhi, India. The soil texture was classified as sandy loam. Paraquat dichloride 24% SL (herbicide) was applied on five fields except for control field. Paraquat in wheat grains was analyzed using HPLC equipped with a photodiode array (PDA) detector. The method of analysis was validated for the pesticide residue recovery. The results showed that there was an alarming concentration of Paraquat in wheat grains ranging between 21.6 and 49.02 mg kg-1 against maximum residue level of 0.1 mg kg-1. Paraquat was also found in control crop (3.1 mg kg-1) due to background residue in soil even when no Paraquat was applied. Furthermore, wheat flour samples from market also gave alarming Paraquat residue (20.39, 25.88, and 27.68 mg kg-1). Paraquat residue was primarily dependent on % clay in field soils. More the % clay lesser was Paraquat residue in wheat grain. Thus, Paraquat was translocated from soil into wheat grains and resulted in worrying concentration of Paraquat residue in wheat grains. Consequently, use of Paraquat for wheat crops needs to be regulated as it contaminated the soil and resulted in the wheat grain contamination posing severe health hazards for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Gupta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Navneet Kumar Garg
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Kapila Shekhawat
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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3
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Ben Othmène Y, Monceaux K, Belhadef A, Karoui A, Ben Salem I, Boussabbeh M, Abid-Essefi S, Lemaire C. Triazole fungicide tebuconazole induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103919. [PMID: 35753672 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole (TEB) is a common triazole fungicide that has been widely applied in the treatment of fungal diseases. It is reported that TEB could exert harmful effects on mammals' health. However, the molecular mechanism involved in TEB toxicity remain undefined. Our study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of TEB-induced toxicity in intestinal cells. We found that TEB stimulates apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Additionally, TEB triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as demonstrated by the activation of the three arms of unfolded protein response (UPR). The incubation with the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) alleviated ER stress and reduced TEB-induced apoptosis, suggesting that ER stress plays an important role in mediating TEB-induced toxicity. Furthermore, inhibition of ROS by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited TEB-induced ER stress and apoptosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that TEB exerts its toxic effects in HCT116 cells by inducing apoptosis through ROS-mediated ER stress and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Ben Othmène
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kevin Monceaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Anissa Belhadef
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ahmed Karoui
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Intidhar Ben Salem
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, 4000, Tunisia
| | - Manel Boussabbeh
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Christophe Lemaire
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Abdallah OI, Alrasheed AM, Al-Mundarij AA, Omar AF, Alhewairini SS, Al-Jamhan KA. Levels of residues and dietary risk assessment of the fungicides myclobutanil, penconazole, tebuconazole, and triadimenol in squash. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5126. [PMID: 33772827 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides may potentially harm human health. The 'quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe' approach has become popular for extraction and cleanup during pesticide residue analysis. We aimed to (a) validate a method for the simultaneous determination of myclobutanil, penconazole, tebuconazole, and triadimenol in squash using LC-MS/MS and (b) determine the pre-harvest intervals (PHIs) and assess the related risk of consuming squash cultivated under open-field conditions in Saudi Arabia. Using acetonitrile as the extraction solvent and fourfold dilution in deionized water led to weak signal suppression (<-6.1%). The limits of quantitation ranged from 10 to 40 μg/kg. Mean recovery and relative standard deviation ranged from 81.7 to 96.3% and from 3.6 to 11.4%. The half-lives ranged from 2.22 to 3.83 days, and the dissipation followed first-order kinetics. The terminal residues of myclobutanil, penconazole, tebuconazole, and triadimenol were <0.771, <0.307, <0.459, and <0.954 mg/kg, respectively, 7 days after two or three applications of recommended dosages. The PHIs of 7.1-11.4, 8.7-13.1, 3.8-5.3, and 11.3-14.3 days are suggested after the application of the recommended dose and double the recommended dose. A consumer risk assessment based on estimated dietary intake indicated that the consumption of squash treated with the recommended doses does not pose a significant health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama I Abdallah
- Department of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.,Department of food chemistry, Food Safety Laboratory, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ayman F Omar
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Laboratory, EPCRS Excellence Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Saleh S Alhewairini
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A Al-Jamhan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Biswas S, Banerjee T, Harshang T, Patanjali N, Chinnusamy V, Mukhopadhyay A, Singh A. Development of a QuEChERS-LCMS/MS method for simultaneous estimation of tebuconazole and chlormequat chloride in wheat crop. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:212-221. [PMID: 33560902 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1882822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole (TBZ) and Chlormequat chloride (CCC) combination has been established as highly effective in reducing plant height of lodging prone wheat varieties. In this work, a novel analytical method employing the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) cleanup technique and LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy) was developed for simultaneous estimation of TBZ and CCC in wheat grains and harvest stage plant leaves. A total of 10 mL of acetonitrile and 50 mg of primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbent was consumed in the optimized QuEChERS process for leaves and grain samples. The LC-MS/MS analysis was performed using a C-18 column operating under electrospray ionization in positive mode. The QuEChERS approach achieved extraction recoveries in the acceptable range of 70%-120%, for both the compounds and was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity and linearity. Persistence study was conducted using Lihocin (CCC 50% SL), Folicur (TBZ 25.9% EC) and their combination tank mix (Lihocin + Folicur-50% SL + 25.9% EC) applied as foliar spray twice in wheat crop (tester tall variety C-306). The results demonstrated that the developed QuEChERS-LCMS/MS is rapid and confirmatory for simultaneous quantification of both the test analytes in wheat crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreosi Biswas
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Tirthankar Banerjee
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Talaviya Harshang
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Patanjali
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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6
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Liu T, Liu Y, Fang K, Zhang X, Wang X. Transcriptome, bioaccumulation and toxicity analyses of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) affected by trifloxystrobin and trifloxystrobin acid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115100. [PMID: 32806466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a promising fungicide, the potential environmental risk of trifloxystrobin (TFS) and its main metabolism trifloxystrobin acid (TFSA) in soil environment should be given special attention. The present study investigated the potential risks of TFS and TFSA in soil environment to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) through measuring several biomarkers. Residual analysis showed that TFSA was more stable than TFS in artificial soil with half-lives ranging from 138.6 to 231.0 d and 20.4-24.7 d, respectively. Additionally, the accumulation of TFS in earthworms increased in the beginning and then decreased from day 14, while that of TFSA continuously increased. At concentrations of 4.0 mg/kg and 10.0 mg/kg, the weight and lysosomal membrane stability of earthworms were reduced; however, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in earthworms were enhanced by TFS and TFSA. Moreover, the growth inhibition effect and the oxidative damage level induced by TFSA to earthworms were higher than those induced by TFS. The transcriptome analysis date indicated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both TFS and TFSA treatments were mainly enriched in ribosome pathway and lysosome pathway, finally affecting the protein synthesis and proteolysis in earthworms. The findings of the present study indicated that TFSA may pose a higher risk in the soil environment than TFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Yalei Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Kuan Fang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Xiaolian Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Xiuguo Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China.
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Ahlawat S, Chauhan R, Rani S, Yadav SS, Kumari N, Malik K, Rana MK. Dissipation and decontamination behavior of pre-mix formulation of tebuconazole and rifloxystrobin fungicides in okra. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:628. [PMID: 31502086 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was done to assess the dissipation behavior, decontamination, and half-life time of ready-mix formulation of trifloxystrobin (25% w/w) and tebuconazole (50% w/w) in okra and soil under the crop after foliar spray at fruiting stage. Samples of okra and soil were collected periodically, i.e., zero (2 h after spray), 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days after third application at a 7-day interval. Residues of these fungicides were determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) equipped with electron capture detector (ECD) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GCMS-triple quadruple). The limits of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) for both the fungicides were 0.01 and 0.003 mg kg-1, respectively. Washing alone with faucet water was found successful in minimizing the residues. Soil was free from residual contamination at fifth day after spraying in case of both the fungicides and at both the doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Ahlawat
- Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Reena Chauhan
- Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India.
| | - Savita Rani
- Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Surender Singh Yadav
- Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Nisha Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Kamla Malik
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - M K Rana
- Department of Vegetables, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
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8
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Luo X, Qin X, Liu Z, Chen D, Yu W, Zhang K, Hu D. Determination, residue and risk assessment of trifloxystrobin, trifloxystrobin acid and tebuconazole in Chinese rice consumption. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4694. [PMID: 31465553 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid analytical method for the detection of trifloxystrobin, trifloxystrobin acid and tebuconazole in soil, brown rice, paddy plants and rice hulls was established and validated by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Acceptable linearity (R2 > 0.99), accuracy (average recoveries of 74.3-108.5%) and precision (intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations of 0.9-8.8%) were obtained using the developed determination approach. In the field trial, the half-lives of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in paddy plants were 5.7-8.3 days in three locations throughout China, and the terminal residue concentrations of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole were <100 and 500 μg/kg (maximum residue limits set by China), respectively, at harvest, which indicated that, based on the recommended application procedure, trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole are safe for use on rice. The risk assessment results demonstrated that, owing to risk quotient values of both fungicides being <100%, the potential risk of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on rice was acceptable for Chinese consumers. These data could provide supporting information for the proper use and safety evaluation of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Luo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xinxian Qin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kankan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Persistence, dissipation, and risk assessment of a combination formulation of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole fungicides in/on tomato. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 108:104471. [PMID: 31493441 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Multi-locational supervised field trials were conducted in different agro-climatic regions in India to study dissipation of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in tomato after spraying a combination formulation (trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50%, 75WG) at recommended doses: (i) single (trifloxystrobin 87.5 g a.i. ha-1 + tebuconazole 175 g a.i. ha-1) and (ii) double (trifloxystrobin 175 g a.i. ha-1 + tebuconazole 350 g a.i. ha-1). Fruit samples were extracted with ethyl acetate using a modified QuEChERS method. The residues (parent fungicides + metabolite) were analyzed and confirmed by GC-ECD and GC-MS, respectively. The half-life (t1/2) of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in tomato varied from 1.08 to 1.72 and 1.13 -to 1.64 days at single; and 1.27 to 2.13 and 1.24 to 1.96 days at double dose, respectively. Since maximum residue limit (MRL) at pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 5 days is impractical, as tomato is usually harvested and consumed almost everyday after the last spray, the risk assessment was performed at minimum PHI of 1 day. Accordingly, on the basis of supervised field trial data and using OECD MRL calculator, MRL of 0.5 and 1.5 mg kg-1 at single dose were proposed for trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in/on tomato, respectively.
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Coman-Babusanu AC, Olariu RI, Butnaru E, Arsene C. Dissipation kinetics of tebuconazole on Malus domestica (Golden Delicious and Jonathan) in an apple orchard from north-eastern Romania. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1642918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anda Cristina Coman-Babusanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, ”Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Romeo Iulian Olariu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, ”Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- Integrated Center of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region (CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Butnaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cecilia Arsene
- Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, ”Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- Integrated Center of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region (CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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Dong B, Yang Y, Pang N, Hu J. Residue dissipation and risk assessment of tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and its metabolite in table grape by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 260:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Paramasivam M, Deepa M, Selvi C, Chandrasekaran S. Dissipation kinetics and safety evaluation of tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin in tea under tropical field conditions. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:2155-2163. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1375606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariappan Paramasivam
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Manthirachalam Deepa
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Chellamuthu Selvi
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Subramanian Chandrasekaran
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
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13
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Esquivel BD, White TC. Accumulation of Azole Drugs in the Fungal Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae Is the Result of Facilitated Diffusion Influx. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1320. [PMID: 28751884 PMCID: PMC5508014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae is an agricultural mold that causes disease in rice, resulting in devastating crop losses. Since rice is a world-wide staple food crop, infection by M. oryzae poses a serious global food security threat. Fungicides, including azole antifungals, are used to prevent and combat M. oryzae plant infections. The target of azoles is CYP51, an enzyme localized on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and required for fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. However, many basic drug-pathogen interactions, such as how the azole gets past the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane, and is transported to the ER, are not understood. In addition, reduced intracellular accumulation of antifungals has consistently been observed as a drug resistance mechanism in many fungal species. Studying the basic biology of drug-pathogen interactions may elucidate uncharacterized mechanisms of drug resistance and susceptibility in M. oryzae and potentially other related fungal pathogens. We characterized intracellular accumulation of azole drugs in M. oryzae using a radioactively labeled fluconazole uptake assay to gain insight on whether azoles enter the cell by passive diffusion, active transport, or facilitated diffusion. We show that azole accumulation is not ATP-dependent, nor does it rely on a pH-dependent process. Instead there is evidence for azole drug uptake in M. oryzae by a facilitated diffusion mechanism. The uptake system is specific for azole or azole-like compounds and can be modulated depending on cell phase and growth media. In addition, we found that co-treatment of M. oryzae with ‘repurposed’ clorgyline and radio-labeled fluconazole prevented energy-dependent efflux of fluconazole, resulting in an increased intracellular concentration of fluconazole in the fungal cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke D Esquivel
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas CityMO, United States
| | - Theodore C White
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas CityMO, United States
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You X, Li Y, Wang X, Xu J, Zheng X, Sui C. Residue analysis and risk assessment of tebuconazole in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill). Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 27957735 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a sensitive and reliable analytical method, based on a modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe procedure, was established for determination of tebuconazole in jujube. After extraction with acetonitrile, the samples were cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction with primary secondary amine, and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. At fortification levels of 0.01, 0.1 and 2.0 mg kg-1 , the average recoveries of tebuconazole in jujube were in the range 97.6-101.9%, with relative standard deviations of 1.5-3.5%. The dissipation and residual levels of tebuconazole in jujube under field conditions were investigated. Tebuconazole dissipated relatively slowly in jujube, with a half-life of 33.0 days. The terminal residue experiments of tebuconazole in jujube were conducted in four locations in China and the risk was evaluated using risk quotients (RQ). RQ values were found to be significantly lower than RQ = 1, indicating that the risk to human health of using the recommended doses of tebuconazole in jujube was not significant. This study could provide guidance for the safe and reasonable use of tebuconazole in jujube and serve as a reference for the establishment of limit of maximum residue in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei You
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuguo Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinli Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengcheng Sui
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Qingdao, China
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15
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Mohapatra S. Comparison of the residue persistence of trifloxystrobin (25%) + tebuconazole (50%) on gherkin and soil at two locations. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:769. [PMID: 26603299 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Residue study of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on gherkin was carried out at two locations (Bangalore and Gouribiddunur, India) after applications at the standard and double doses of 75 + 150 and of 150 + 300 g ha(-1) of the formulated product, trifloxystrobin (25%) + tebuconazole (50%) (Nativo 75 WG). The fungicides were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Extraction and purification of the samples were carried out by Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method after validating the analytical parameters. Initial residues of trifloxystrobin on gherkin fruits were 0.335 and 0.65 mg kg(-1) at Bangalore, and 0.34 and 0.615 mg kg(-1) at Gouribiddunur. Tebuconazole residues were 0.842 and 1.682 mg kg(-1) at Bangalore, and 0.71 and 1.34 mg kg(-1) at Gouribiddunur. Residue dissipation of the fungicides followed first-order rate kinetics. Trifloxystrobin residues dissipated at the half-life of 2.9-3.7 days, and tebuconazole at 3.2 days. At the standard dose treatment, trifloxystrobin residues dissipated to below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.2 mg kg(-1) (European Union) within 3 days at both the locations. Residues of the metabolite CGA 321113 was less than the limit of quantification (LOQ; 0.05 mg kg(-1)) on all sampling days. Tebuconazole residues dissipated to below its MRL (0.05 mg kg(-1)) within 14 and 11 days, at Bangalore and Gouribiddunur, respectively. From the two trials, it was concluded that the required pre-harvest interval (PHI) for the combination formulation was 14 days. Application of Nativo 75 WG should be given before flowering to allow the residues to dissipate below the MRLs at harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudamini Mohapatra
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake P.O., Bangalore, 560089, India.
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16
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Dissipation and Safety Evaluation of Tebuconazole Residues in Peanut-Field Ecosystem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-015-0642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Cao M, Li S, Wang Q, Wei P, Liu Y, Zhu G, Wang M. Track of fate and primary metabolism of trifloxystrobin in rice paddy ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 518-519:417-23. [PMID: 25770954 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Trifloxystrobin, a strobilurin fungicide, has been widely applied to control fungal diseases in various crops, especially in rice cultivation. However, its residual profile in rice paddy that was highly linked to its ecological risk still remains poorly understood. To elucidate the fate and primary metabolism of trifloxystrobin in rice paddy, a simple and efficient analytical method was developed using the DisQuE extraction kit combined with GC-μECD and GC-EI-MS/MS analyses. As a result, methodological recoveries of trifloxystrobin fortified in paddy water, soil and rice straw ranging from 0.005 to 2 mg kg(-1) (mg L(-1) for water) were acquired from 87.6% to 109.1% with relative standard deviation (RSD) from 1.9% to 9.5% (n=5), and the limit of detection (LOD, signal to noise (S/N)=3) and the limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N=10) were 6.3×10(-4) mg L(-1) and 2.09×10(-3) mg L(-1), respectively, which indicates the favorable accuracy, precision and sensitivity of the method for effective monitoring of the trace amounts of residual trifloxystrobin in the rice paddy. Furthermore, dissipation of residual trifloxystrobin was in accordance with the first-order rate equation, showing the half-lives from 0.7 to 7.5 days, illustrating that trifloxystrobin generally degraded in a rapid rate in the rice paddy. Additionally, trifloxystrobin acid identified as the primary metabolite of trifloxystrobin in the rice paddy via GC-EI-MS/MS analysis was found to be dominantly accumulated in the paddy water and maintained up to 2.41 mg L(-1) within 14 days, suggesting that long-term and frequent application of this fungicide may pose a high risk towards aquatic organisms in surrounding aqueous ecosystems through paddy drainage. Taken together, our data serve as a useful tool for monitoring residual trifloxystrobin in rice paddy ecosystem and also provide a basis for in-depth understanding of environmental behavior and ecological risk posed by this fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Cao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quansheng Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengcen Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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18
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Wang Y, Wang C, Gao J, Liu C, Cui L, Li A. Dissipation, residues, and safety evaluation of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on ginseng and soil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:344. [PMID: 25963765 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Supervised field trials at two locations in 2012 and 2013 were conducted to evaluate the dissipation, terminal residues, and safety evaluation of Nativo 75 water dispersible granule (WG) (25 % trifloxystrobin + 50 % tebuconazole) on ginseng and soil following foliar application at a recommended dose 150 (50 + 100) and 1.5 times of the recommended dosage 225 (75 + 150) g a.i. ha(-1). The average recoveries of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole at three spiking levels in ginseng root, stem, and leaf and in soil were in the ranges of 81.0-96.8 % and 80.2-97.5 % with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 4.92-13.13 % and 4.67-8.35 %, respectively. The half-lives of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole were 5.92-9.76 days and 4.59-7.53 days, respectively. The terminal residues were all below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of EU, USA, Canada, Japan, and South Korea. The food safety was evaluated by comparing the estimated daily intake (IEDI) with its acceptable daily intake (ADI). IEDI values calculated from residue data were found to be far less than the ADI on ginseng. Therefore, it would be unlikely to cause health problems induced by Nativo 75 WG use on ginseng at a dosage of 150-225 g a.i. ha(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
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19
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Mohapatra S. Residue levels and dissipation behaviors for trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in mango fruit and soil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:95. [PMID: 25663402 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An evaluation of residue levels of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole was carried out on mango fruits after treatments with the combined formulation, trifloxystrobin (25 % w/w) and tebuconazole (50 % w/w), at standard and double doses of 250 + 500 and 500 + 1000 g a.i. ha(-1), respectively. Extraction and purification of the mango fruit samples were carried out by the QuEChERS method after validating the analytical parameters. Determination of the fungicides was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) for both fungicides were 0.015 μg mL(-1) and 0.05 mg kg(-1), respectively. The residue levels of trifloxystrobin for standard and double-dose treatments were 0.492 and 0.901 mg kg(-1) and for tebuconazole were 0.535 and 1.124 mg kg(-1), respectively. A faster dissipation of tebuconazole in mango fruit was observed compared with that for tebuconazole. Dissipation of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in mango followed first-order kinetics, and the half-lives were 9 and 6 days, respectively. The preharvest intervals (PHI), the time taken for the combined residues of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole to dissipate to their permissible levels (maximum residue limits), were 14 and 20 days for standard and double doses, respectively. At harvest, mature mango fruit and soil were free from fungicide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudamini Mohapatra
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake P.O., Bangalore, 560089, India,
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20
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Paramasivam M, Selvi C, Deepa M, Jayaprakash SA, Chandrasekaran S. Simultaneous determination of tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin, and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid residues in gherkin under field conditions. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:958-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariappan Paramasivam
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory; Department of Agricultural Entomology; Tamil Nadu Agricultural University; Coimbatore Tamil Nadu
| | - Chellamuthu Selvi
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory; Department of Agricultural Entomology; Tamil Nadu Agricultural University; Coimbatore Tamil Nadu
| | - Manthirachalam Deepa
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory; Department of Agricultural Entomology; Tamil Nadu Agricultural University; Coimbatore Tamil Nadu
| | - Samiyannan A. Jayaprakash
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory; Department of Agricultural Entomology; Tamil Nadu Agricultural University; Coimbatore Tamil Nadu
| | - Subramanian Chandrasekaran
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory; Department of Agricultural Entomology; Tamil Nadu Agricultural University; Coimbatore Tamil Nadu
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21
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Li P, Wang L, Hao X, Han L. Dissipation and residues of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite in rice under field conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:2654-2660. [PMID: 25158269 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Residue analysis of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite (CGA 321113) in rice matrices, paddy water, and soil was developed using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was used to evaluate the dissipation rate of trifloxystrobin and CGA 321113 in rice seedling, soil, and paddy water as well as the residual level in harvest rice (grain, hull, straw) and soil. The results demonstrated that the dissipation half-lives of trifloxystrobin in rice seedling, soil, and water were 1.9 d to 4.7 d, 0.35 d to 0.54 d, and 0.28 d to 0.51 d, respectively. The final total residue of trifloxystrobin and CGA 321113 was highest in rice hull and lowest in paddy soil. The highest total residues in husked rice, rice hull, straw, and paddy soil at 28 d after spraying were 0.39 mg kg(-1), 3.82 mg kg(-1), 0.29 mg kg(-1), and 0.15 mg kg(-1), respectively. According to the final residue data and the maximum residue limits of trifloxystrobin in rice grain and straw (Codex Alimentarius) and in rice hull (US Environmental Protection Agency), 28 d could be recommended as the preharvest interval for trifloxystrobin application in the rice field. The data show that CGA 321113 constitutes a small amount of the final total residues in rice matrices, whereas it is much higher than its parent compound in soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyu Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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Chen X, Xu J, Liu X, Tao Y, Pan X, Zheng Y, Dong F. Simultaneous determination of trifloxystrobin and trifloxystrobin acid residue in rice and soil by a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1640-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yan Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
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