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Patel M, Parida AK. Salinity alleviates arsenic stress-induced oxidative damage via antioxidative defense and metabolic adjustment in the root of the halophyte Salvadora persica. PLANTA 2023; 258:109. [PMID: 37907764 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Arsenic tolerance in the halophyte Salvadora persica is achieved by enhancing antioxidative defense and modulations of various groups of metabolites like amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and phytohormones. Salvadora persica is a facultative halophyte that thrives under high saline and arid regions of the world. In present study, we examine root metabolic responses of S. persica exposed to individual effects of high salinity (750 mM NaCl), arsenic (600 µM As), and combined treatment of salinity and arsenic (250 mM NaCl + 600 µM As) to decipher its As and salinity resistance mechanism. Our results demonstrated that NaCl supplementation reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under As stress. The increased activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR) maintained appropriate levels of ROS [superoxide (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] under salinity and/or As stress. The metabolites like sugars, amino acids, polyphenols, and organic acids exhibited higher accumulations when salt was supplied with As. Furthermore, comparatively higher accumulations of glycine, glutamate, and cystine under combined stress of salt and As may indicate its role in glutathione and phytochelatins (PCs) synthesis in root. The levels of phytohormones such as salicylate, jasmonate, abscisic acid, and auxins were significantly increased under high As with and without salinity stress. The amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism are the most significantly altered metabolic pathways in response to NaCl and/or As stress. Our study decoded the important metabolites and metabolic pathways involved in As and/or salinity tolerance in root of the halophyte S. persica providing clues for development of salinity and As resistance crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Patel
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Asish Kumar Parida
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabad, 201002, India.
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Huang H, Lu R, Zhan J, He J, Wang Y, Li T. Role of Root Exudates in Cadmium Accumulation of a Low-Cadmium-Accumulating Tobacco Line ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11020141. [PMID: 36851016 PMCID: PMC9959795 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Root exudates are tightly linked with cadmium (Cd) uptake by the root and thus affect plant Cd accumulation. A hydroponic experiment was carried out to explore the role of root exudates in Cd accumulation of a low-Cd-accumulating tobacco line (RG11) compared with a high-Cd- accumulating tobacco line (Yuyan5). Greater secretion of organic acids and amino acids by the roots was induced by an exogenous Cd addition in the two tobacco lines. The concentration of organic acid secreted by RG11 was only 51.1~61.0% of that secreted by Yuyan5. RG11 roots secreted more oxalic acid and acetic acid and less tartaric acid, formic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and succinic acid than Yuyan5 under Cd stress. Oxalic acid accounted for 26.8~28.8% of the total organic acids, being the most common component among the detected organic acids, and was significantly negatively correlated with Cd accumulation in RG11. Propionic acid was only detected in the root exudates of RG11 under Cd stress. Lactic acid was positively linked with Cd accumulation in Yuyan5, being less accumulated in RG11. Similarly, RG11 secreted more amino acids than Yuyan5 under Cd stress. Aspartic acid, serine, and cysteine appeared in RG11 when it was exposed to Cd. Lysine was the most secreted amino acid in RG11 under Cd stress. RG11 roots secreted less lysine, histidine, and valine, but more phenylalanine and methionine than Yuyan5 under Cd stress. The results show that organic acids and amino acids in root exudates play a key role in Cd uptake by the root, and this contribution varied with cultivar/genotype. However, further research is still needed to explore the mechanisms underlying low Cd translocation to the leaf, which may be the key contribution of low Cd accumulation in RG11 to the security of tobacco leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagang Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Runze Lu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Juan Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jinsong He
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company Liangshanzhou Company, 432 Sanchakou East Road, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
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Feng X, Abubakar AS, Chen K, Yu C, Zhu A, Chen J, Gao G, Wang X, Mou P, Chen P. Genome-wide analysis of R2R3-MYB transcription factors in Boehmeria nivea (L.) gaudich revealed potential cadmium tolerance and anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Front Genet 2023; 14:1080909. [PMID: 36896232 PMCID: PMC9989182 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1080909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene family, especially MYB as one of the largest transcription factor family in plants, the study of its subfunctional characteristics is a key step in the study of plant gene function. The sequencing of ramie genome provides a good opportunity to study the organization and evolutionary characters of the ramie MYB gene at the whole genome level. In this study, a total of 105 BnGR2R3-MYB genes were identified from ramie genome and subsequently grouped into 35 subfamilies according to phylogeny divergence and sequences similarity. Chromosomal localization, gene structure, synteny analysis, gene duplication, promoter analysis, molecular characteristics and subcellular localization were accomplished using several bioinformatics tools. Collinearity analysis showed that the segmental and tandem duplication events is the dominant form of the gene family expansion, and duplications prominent in distal telomeric regions. Highest syntenic relationship was obtained between BnGR2R3-MYB genes and that of Apocynum venetum (88). Furthermore, transcriptomic data and phylogenetic analysis revealed that BnGMYB60, BnGMYB79/80 and BnGMYB70 might inhibit the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, and UPLC-QTOF-MS data further supported the results. qPCR and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the six genes (BnGMYB9, BnGMYB10, BnGMYB12, BnGMYB28, BnGMYB41, and BnGMYB78) were cadmium stress responsive genes. Especially, the expression of BnGMYB10/12/41 in roots, stems and leaves all increased more than 10-fold after cadmium stress, and in addition they may interact with key genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis. Thus, a potential link between cadmium stress response and flavonoid synthesis was identified through protein interaction network analysis. The study thus provided significant information into MYB regulatory genes in ramie and may serve as a foundation for genetic enhancement and increased productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkang Feng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Aminu Shehu Abubakar
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China.,Department of Agronomy, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Kunmei Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chunming Yu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jikang Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Mou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Feng X, Abubakar AS, Yu C, Zhu A, Chen J, Chen K, Gao G, Wang X, Mou P, Shao D, Chen P. Analysis of WRKY Resistance Gene Family in Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich: Crosstalk Mechanisms of Secondary Cell Wall Thickening and Cadmium Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:812988. [PMID: 35432436 PMCID: PMC9010656 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.812988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A total of 60 WRKY family genes of ramie were identified in the ramie. The genes were unevenly distributed across 14 chromosomes in the specie and highly concentrated (72%) in the distal telomeric region. Phylogenetic analysis placed these genes into seven distinct subfamilies groups: I, II (a, b, c, d, e), and III, with group IIc containing only the variant of heptapetide sequence (WRKYGKK). Segmental duplication events (41.7%) was found to be the main driver of BnGWRKY evolution. Thirty eight from among the genes showed collinear relationships with WRKY genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, Cannabis sativa, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays. The number and density of stress and hormone responsives cis-acting elements were comparably higher than other elements, with abundant ARE and rare LTR cis-acting elements indicating the long-standing adaptability of ramie to its natural environment. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the WRKY target genes revealed their involvement in response to stimuli, immune system processes, transporter protein activity and antioxidant activity. Expression analysis show that most WRKYs were activated by the cadmium stress, more especially the BnGWRKY2, BnGWRKY15, BnGWRKY20, BnGWRKY50 and BnGWRKY58. Combining transcriptome, orthologous gene relationships and qPCR result, we established the possible involvement of BnGWRKY50 and BnGWRKY58 in crosstalk mechanism between secondary cell wall thickening and Cd2+ stress. This provided information into the role of BnGWRKY proteins in ramie secondary wall development and cadmium stress response to, and could serve as basis for improvement of the ramie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkang Feng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Aminu Shehu Abubakar
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Chunming Yu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jikang Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Kunmei Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Mou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Deyi Shao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Zhang H, Qin Y, Huang K, Zhan F, Li R, Chen J. Root Metabolite Differences in Two Maize Varieties Under Lead (Pb) Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:656074. [PMID: 34887879 PMCID: PMC8649664 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.656074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To assess root metabolic differences of maize varieties in their response to lead (Pb) stress, the lead-tolerant variety Huidan No. 4 and the lead-sensitive variety Ludan No. 8 were tested under Pb-free and Pb-stressed conditions. Changes in metabolites were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pb stress changed the levels of the amino acids proline, glutamine, lysine, and arginine in both varieties, whereas glutamate and phenylalanine levels changed only in Huidan No. 4. Pb stress altered cystine, valine, methionine, and tryptophan levels only in Ludan No. 8. Therefore, the synthesis and decomposition of amino acids may affect the response of maize to Pb stress. The degree of change in differential metabolites for Huidan No. 4 was greater than that for Ludan No. 8. In cell wall subcellular components, increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (PODs), and Pb concentrations were greater in Huidan No. 4 than in Ludan No. 8. Therefore, the greater Pb tolerance of Huidan No. 4 could be due to better sequestration of Pb in cell walls and more effective removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the plant. The levels of certain metabolites only increased in Ludan No. 8, indicating that Pb-sensitive varieties may use different metabolic pathways to cope with Pb stress. Both varieties showed increased levels of some metabolites related to antioxidant protection and osmotic regulation. This study provides an understanding of maize Pb tolerance mechanisms and a basis for further development of tools for use in maize breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqian Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuying Qin
- College of Resource and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Huang
- College of Resource and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Fangdong Zhan
- College of Resource and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ru Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- College of Resource and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Zhu S, Shi W, Jie Y. Overexpression of BnPCS1, a Novel Phytochelatin Synthase Gene From Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea), Enhanced Cd Tolerance, Accumulation, and Translocation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:639189. [PMID: 34211483 PMCID: PMC8239399 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.639189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatins (PCs) play important roles in the detoxification of and tolerance to heavy metals in plants. The synthesis of PCs is catalyzed by phytochelatin synthase (PCS), which is activated by heavy metal ions. In this study, we isolated a PCS gene, BnPCS1, from the bast fiber crop ramie (Boehmeria nivea) using the RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) method. The full-length BnPCS1 cDNA is 1,949 bp in length with a 1,518 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a 505 amino acid protein. The deduced BnPCS1 protein has a conserved N-terminus containing the catalytic triad Cys58, His164, Asp182, and a flexible C-terminal region containing a C371C372QETC376VKC379 motif. The BnPCS1 promoter region contains several cis-acting elements involved in phytohormone or abiotic stress responses. Subcellular localization analysis indicates that the BnPCS1-GFP protein localizes to the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Real-time PCR assays show that the expression of BnPCS1 is significantly induced by cadmium (Cd) and the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Overexpression lines of BnPCS1 exhibited better root growth and fresh weight, lower level of MDA and H2O2, and higher Cd accumulation and translocation factor compared to the WT under Cd stress. Taken together, these results could provide new gene resources for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujing Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation of Jiangxi Province, Yichun, China
- *Correspondence: Shoujing Zhu,
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Yucheng Jie
- Institute of Ramie, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Zhu S, Shi W, Jie Y, Zhou Q, Song C. A MYB transcription factor, BnMYB2, cloned from ramie (Boehmeria nivea) is involved in cadmium tolerance and accumulation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233375. [PMID: 32421756 PMCID: PMC7233596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MYB-related transcription factors play important roles in plant development and response to various environmental stresses. In the present study, a novel MYB gene, designated as BnMYB2 (GenBank accession number: MF741319.1), was isolated from Boehmeria nivea using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and RT-PCR on a sequence fragment from a ramie transcriptome. BnMYB2 has a 945 bp open reading frame encoding a 314 amino acid protein that contains a DNA-binding domain and shares high sequence identity with MYB proteins from other plant species. The BnMYB2 promoter contains several putative cis-acting elements involved in stress or phytohormone responses. A translational fusion of BnMYB2 with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) showed nuclear and cytosolic subcellular localization. Real-time PCR results indicated that BnMYB2 expression was induced by Cadmium (Cd) stress. Overexpression of BnMYB2 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in a significant increase of Cd tolerance and accumulation. Thus, BnMYB2 positively regulated Cd tolerance and accumulation in Arabidopsis, and could be used to enhance the efficiency of Cd removal with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujing Zhu
- Institute of Ramie, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yucheng Jie
- Institute of Ramie, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingming Zhou
- Institute of Ramie, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenbo Song
- College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
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Gao G, Chen J, Chen P, Chen K, Abubakar AS, Yu C, Zhu A. Analysis of BnMTL, a novel metallothionein-like protein in the bast fiber crop Ramie (Boehmeria nivea). FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1632-1639. [PMID: 31353835 PMCID: PMC6722885 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) is a perennial herb that is highly tolerant of heavy metals. In the present study, we cloned a novel metallothionein‐like gene from ramie; this gene, termed BnMTL, encodes a putative 46 amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 4.38 kDa. Analysis using quantitative RT‐PCR revealed that cadmium (Cd2+) treatment results in elevated expression of BnMTL in the roots. We heterologously overexpressed BnMTL in Escherichia coli cells to examine its binding to Cd2+ and its possible role in homeostasis. Recombinant E. coli cells expressing BnMTL exhibited a high tolerance of Cd2+ stress up to a concentration of 1 mm, and the observed accumulation of Cd2+ was almost eight‐fold higher than the control. These results demonstrate that BnMTL (i) is highly expressed in the root following exposure to Cd2+ and (ii) encodes a typical metallothionein‐like protein with high cadmium‐binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jikang Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Kunmei Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Aminu Shehu Abubakar
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chunming Yu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Wang Y, Zeng Z, Li F, Yang X, Gao X, Ma Y, Rao J, Wang H, Liu T. A genomic resource derived from the integration of genome sequences, expressed transcripts and genetic markers in ramie. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:476. [PMID: 31185891 PMCID: PMC6558782 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The redundancy of genomic resources, including transcript and molecular markers, and their uncertain position in the genome have dramatically hindered the study of traits in ramie, an important natural fiber crop. Results We obtained a high-quality transcriptome consisting of 30,591 non-redundant transcripts using single-molecule long-read sequencing and proposed it as a universal ramie transcriptome. Additionally, 55,882 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and a high-density genetic map was developed. Based on this genetic map, 181.7 Mb ramie genome sequences were assembled into 14 chromosomes. For the convenient use of these resources, 29,286 (~ 95.7%) of the transcripts and all 55,882 SNPs, along with 1827 previously reported sequence repeat markers (SSRs), were mapped into the ramie genome, and 22,343 (~ 73.0%) transcripts, 50,154 (~ 89.7%) SNPs, and 1466 (~ 80.3%) SSRs were assigned to a specific location in the corresponding chromosome. Conclusion This is the first study to characterize the ramie transcriptome by long-read sequencing, and the substantial number of transcripts of significant length obtained will accelerate our understanding of ramie growth and development. This integration of genome sequences, expressed transcripts, and genetic markers will provide an extremely useful resource for genetic, molecular, and breeding studies of ramie. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5878-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhou Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Fu Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | | | - Xinyue Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghong Ma
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Rao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | | | - Touming Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China.
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Fu H, Yu H, Li T, Zhang X. Influence of cadmium stress on root exudates of high cadmium accumulating rice line (Oryza sativa L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 150:168-175. [PMID: 29276952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A hydroponic experiment with two different cadmium (Cd) accumulating rice lines of Lu527-8 (the high Cd accumulating rice line) and Lu527-4 (the normal rice line) was carried out to explore the links among Cd stress, root exudates and Cd accumulation. The results showed that (1) Cd stress increased quantities of organic acids, but had no effect on composition in root exudates of the two rice lines. In Cd treatments, the contents of every detected organic acid in root exudates of Lu527-8 were 1.76-2.43 times higher than those of Lu527-4. Significant positive correlations between organic acids contents and Cd contents in plants were observed in both rice lines, except that malic acid was only highly relevant to Lu527-8, but not to Lu527-4. (2) Both composition and quantities of amino acids in root exudates changed a lot under Cd stress and this change differed in two rice lines. In control, four amino acids (glutamic acid, glycine, tyrosine and histidine) were detected in two rice lines. Under Cd stress, eight amino acids in Lu527-8 and seven amino acids in Lu527-4 could be detected, among which phenylalanine was only secreted by Lu527-8 and alanine, methionine and lysine were secreted by both rice lines. The contents of those four newly secreted amino acids from Lu527-8 increased significantly with the increase of Cd dose and each had a high-positive correlation with Cd contents, but the same change did not appear in Lu527-4. The difference between two rice lines in secretion of organic acids and amino acids may be related to their different Cd uptake properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Fu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xizhou Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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