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Rupakheti D, Aculinin A, Rupakheti M, Dahal S, Rai M, Yin X, Yu X, Abdullaev SF, Hu J. Insights on aerosol properties using two decades-long ground-based remote sensing datasets in Moldova, Eastern Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122535. [PMID: 37696329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol optical properties were studied over Chisinau in Moldova, one of the longest running AERONET sites in Eastern Europe. During two decades (September 1999-November 2018), the mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (AE) were observed as 0.21 ± 0.13 and 1.49 ± 0.29, respectively. The highest AOD (0.24 ± 0.13) and AE (1.60 ± 0.26) were observed during the summer. More than half (∼55%) of the share was occupied by clean continental aerosols with seasonal order of winter (74.8%) > autumn (62%) > spring (48.9%) > summer (44.8%) followed by mixed aerosols with a respective contribution of 30.7% (summer), 28.4% (spring), 22.5 (autumn) and 16.4% (winter). A clear dominance of volume size distribution in the fine mode indicated the stronger influence of anthropogenic activities resulting in fine aerosol load in the atmosphere. The peak in the fine mode was centered at 0.15 μm, whereas that of the coarse mode was centered either at 3.86 μm (summer and autumn) or 5.06 μm (spring and winter). 'Extreme' aerosol events were observed during 21 days with a mean AOD (AE) of 0.99 ± 0.32 (1.43 ± 0.43), whereas 'strong' events were observed during 123 days with a mean AOD (AE) of 0.57 ± 0.07 (1.44 ± 0.40), mainly influenced by anthropogenic aerosols (during 19 and 101 days of each event type) from urban/industrial and biomass burning indicated by high AE and fine mode fraction. During the whole period (excluding events days), the fine and coarse mode peaks were observed at the radius of 0.15 and 5.06 μm, which in the case of extreme (strong) events were at 0.19 (0.15) and 3.86 (2.24) μm respectively. The fine mode volume concentration was 4.78 and 3.32 times higher, whereas the coarse mode volume concentration was higher by a factor of 1.98 and 2.27 during extreme and strong events compared to the whole period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Rupakheti
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Institute of Fundamental Research and Studies (InFeRS), Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Alexandr Aculinin
- Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Moldova State University (MSU), 5 Academiei Str., Chisinau, MD-2028, Moldova
| | - Maheswar Rupakheti
- Research Institute for Sustainability-Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sishir Dahal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Himalaya College of Engineering, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Mukesh Rai
- Greenhood Nepal, New Baneshwor, Kathmandu 45305, Nepal
| | - Xiufeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xingna Yu
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Sabur F Abdullaev
- Physical Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Khalid Z, Singh B. Looking at moss through the bioeconomy lens: biomonitoring, bioaccumulation, and bioenergy potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:114722-114738. [PMID: 37897571 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The field of bioeconomy has been experiencing a surge in interest in recent years as society increasingly recognizes the potential of utilizing renewable biological resources to create sustainable solutions for economic growth, resource management, and environmental protection. Despite its potential, there is a notable lack of studies exploring the utilization of moss as a viable resource within the bioeconomy framework. Aligned with this objective, this paper conducts a keyword analysis using the VOSviewer application to explore the applicability of mosses as a bioeconomy resource. While biomonitoring using mosses has been studied extensively, this paper shifts its focus to discuss advancements in this area. Moreover, it evaluates the viability of moss utilization for bioenergy production and concisely summarizes their application in microbial fuel cells. The review also highlights challenges pertinent to moss utilization and presents future prospects. The overarching goal of this review paper is to assess the potential and utilization prospects of mosses within the realms of bioaccumulation, air purification, and bioenergy. By offering a comprehensive summary of moss applications, performance, and viability across diverse sectors, this paper endeavors to promote the versatile application of mosses in various contexts. It repositions the discussion on mosses, accentuating their utilization potential prior to exploring conclusions and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835205, India
| | - Bhaskar Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835205, India.
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Zinicovscaia I, Chaligava O, Yushin N, Grozdov D, Vergel K, Hramco C. Moss Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Trace Element Pollution in the Republic of Moldova. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 82:355-366. [PMID: 35266044 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The moss biomonitoring technique was used for the assessment of air pollution in the Republic of Moldova, in the framework of the UNECE ICP Vegetation Programme. The content of 11 chemical elements (Al, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, As, Sb, Cd, Cu, and Pb) was determined by neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry in samples collected in spring 2020. Distribution maps were built to identify the most polluted sites. The highest concentrations of elements in mosses were determined in the north-eastern, central, and western parts of the country. The main element associations were identified using factor analysis. Three factors were determined, of which one of mixed geogenic-anthropogenic origin and two of anthropogenic origin. A comparison of the data obtained in 2020 and 2015 showed a significant decrease in the concentrations of Cr, As, Sb, Cd, Pb, and Cu in 2020. The state of the environment was assessed using Contamination Factor and Pollution Load Index values, which characterized it as unpolluted to moderately polluted. Possible air pollution sources in the Republic of Moldova are resuspension of soil particles, agricultural practices, vehicles, industry, and thermal power plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Zinicovscaia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 141980.
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Str., MG-6, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.
- Institute of Chemistry, Academiei Str. 2, 2002, Chisinau, Moldova.
| | - Omari Chaligava
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 141980
- Georgian Technical University, 77, Merab Kostava Street, 0175, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nikita Yushin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 141980
| | - Dmitrii Grozdov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 141980
| | - Konstantin Vergel
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 141980
| | - Constantin Hramco
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 141980
- Institute of Chemistry, Academiei Str. 2, 2002, Chisinau, Moldova
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Zhang Y, Pelletier R, Noernberg T, Donner MW, Grant-Weaver I, Martin JW, Shotyk W. Impact of the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfires on atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace elements to surrounding ombrotrophic bogs. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106910. [PMID: 34607041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fort McMurray and the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) experienced major wildfires in 2016, but the impact of these on regional deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace elements has not been reported nor compared to industrial sources of these pollutants in the region. Living moss (Sphagnum fuscum) was collected in triplicate from five ombrotrophic bogs in the AOSR after the wildfires, and analyzed for PAHs and trace elements. These post-wildfire data were compared to data from previous years at the same sites, and also to remote reference bogs in Alberta and Ontario. Elevated post-wildfire concentrations and flux of naphthalene and fluorene were observed at all five bogs in the AOSR, but no consistent trend was evident for higher molecular weight PAHs or the sum of priority PAHs (∑13PAH). Trace elements at most AOSR bogs were not elevated post-wildfire, except at one bog in the burned area (MIL), but even here the elements that were increased (1.7-5.6 × ) were likely of bitumen-origin (i.e., V, Ni, Se, Mo and Re). Significant post-wildfire correlations between PAHs and most trace elements suggested a common source, and few significant correlations were observed with retene, suggesting that wildfires were not the dominant source of most contaminants detected. Mass balance receptor models were used to apportion sources, indicating that the major sources of trace elements among five AOSR bogs post-wildfire were oil sands ore (mean 42%), haul road dust (17%), and petcoke (11%), whereas wildfire was always a minor source (3-4%). For PAHs at the most contaminated site (MIL), delayed petcoke (27%) and wildfire (25%) were the major sources, but the contribution of wildfire to PAHs at other sites was less or not discernable. Impacts of the 2016 wildfires on regional atmospheric deposition of major pollutants was less than from ongoing deposition of anthropogenic dust from oil sands activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Rick Pelletier
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 348B South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Tommy Noernberg
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 348B South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Mark W Donner
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 348B South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Iain Grant-Weaver
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 348B South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - William Shotyk
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 348B South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.
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Temporal changes of atmospheric deposition of major and trace elements in European Turkey, Thrace region. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Zinicovscaia I, Yushin N, Grozdov D, Abdusamadzoda D, Safonov A, Rodlovskaya E. Zinc-Containing Effluent Treatment Using Shewanella xiamenensis Biofilm Formed on Zeolite. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071760. [PMID: 33918384 PMCID: PMC8038228 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The sorption properties of Shewanella xiamenensis biofilm formed on zeolite (mineral-organic sorbent) as a sorbent have been investigated aiming to determine its suitability for complex zinc-containing effluent treatment. The optimum conditions for metal sorption from synthetic solutions were evaluated by changing the pH, zinc concentration, temperature, and time of sorption. The highest removal of metal ions was attained at pH range 3.0-6.0 within 60-150 min of sorbent-sorbate contact. The results obtained from the equilibrium studies were described using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. Maximum sorption capacity of the sorbent calculated from the Langmuir model changed from 3.4 to 6.5 mg/g. High coefficient of determination values calculated for pseudo-second-order and Elovich models indicate the predominant role of chemisorption in metal removal. Gibbs energy and ∆H° values point at the spontaneous and endothermic character of the sorption. The effect of pH and biosorbent mass on Zn(II) sorption from industrial effluent with an initial Zn(II) concentration of 52.8 mg/L was tested. Maximum removal of zinc ions (85%) was achieved at pH 6.0 by applying a two-step treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Zinicovscaia
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str., 6, 1419890 Dubna, Russia; (N.Y.); (D.G.); (D.A.)
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului, MG-6, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4-962-1656-09
| | - Nikita Yushin
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str., 6, 1419890 Dubna, Russia; (N.Y.); (D.G.); (D.A.)
| | - Dmitrii Grozdov
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str., 6, 1419890 Dubna, Russia; (N.Y.); (D.G.); (D.A.)
| | - Daler Abdusamadzoda
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str., 6, 1419890 Dubna, Russia; (N.Y.); (D.G.); (D.A.)
| | - Alexey Safonov
- Department of Biotechnology and Radioecology, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 31 Leninsky Prospect, GSP-1, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena Rodlovskaya
- Laboratory for Heterochain Polymers, A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Sergeeva A, Zinicovscaia I, Vergel K, Yushin N, Urošević MA. The Effect of Heavy Industry on Air Pollution Studied by Active Moss Biomonitoring in Donetsk Region (Ukraine). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:546-557. [PMID: 33755741 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The active moss biomonitoring technique was applied to assess the environmental pollution in the Donetsk region and to compare the biomonitoring capacity of acrocarpous (Ceratodon purpureus) and pleurocarpous (Brachythecium campestre) moss transplants. Moss bags were exposed for 6 months in the surroundings of two steelworks, a power station, and two parks. The concentrations of 19 elements were determined in the moss transplants by neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry. Various environmental indices-relative accumulation factor, contamination factor, pollution load index, enrichment factor, and ecological risk index-were used to quantitatively assess the degree of ambient contamination. The RAF values indicate that the most prevalent elements in Brachythecium campestre and Ceratodon purpureus were Na, Al, Ca, Fe, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Ba, Sr, Pd, and Cd. The results showed a significant difference between metal accumulation by Ceratodon purpureus and Brachythecium campestre indicating various mechanisms of uptake. All elements were highly correlated in Ceratodon purpureus. The main air pollution sources in the region are the Zuivska power station (Zuivska TES), Donetsk Metallurgical Plant, and Yenakiieve Iron and Steel Works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Sergeeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia, 141980.
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia, 141980
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Str. MG-6, 041713, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Konstantin Vergel
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia, 141980
| | - Nikita Yushin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia, 141980
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
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Accumulation of Potentially Toxic Elements in Mosses Collected in the Republic of Moldova. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030471. [PMID: 33801412 PMCID: PMC7999594 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the second time, the moss biomonitoring technique was applied to evaluate the deposition of potentially toxic elements in the Republic of Moldova. The study was performed in the framework of the International Cooperative Program on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops. Moss Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. samples were collected in May 2020 from 41 sampling sites distributed over the entire territory of the country. The mass fractions of 35 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Se, Rb, Sr, Sb, Cs, Ba, Cd, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Hf, Ta, Th, Pb, and U) were determined using neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry. Comparing with 2015/2016 moss survey data, significant differences in the mass fractions of Cr, As, Se, Br, Sr, Sb, Cd, Pb, and Cu were found. Main air pollution sources (natural processes, transport, industry, agriculture, mining) were identified and characterized using factor and correlation analyses. GIS maps were built to point out the zones with the highest element mass fractions and to relate this to the known sources of contamination. Contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, pollution load index, and potential ecological risk index were calculated to assess the air pollution levels in the country. According to the calculated values, Moldova can be characterized as unpolluted to moderately polluted, with low potential ecological risk related to the degree of atmospheric deposition of potentially toxic elements. The cities of Chisinau and Balti were determined to experience particular environmental stress and are considered moderately polluted.
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Vergel K, Zinicovscaia I, Yushin N, Gundorina S. Assessment of atmospheric deposition in Central Russia using moss biomonitors, neutron activation analysis and GIS technologies. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mahapatra B, Dhal NK, Dash AK, Panda BP, Panigrahi KCS, Pradhan A. Perspective of mitigating atmospheric heavy metal pollution: using mosses as biomonitoring and indicator organism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:29620-29638. [PMID: 31463756 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mosses were proved as an ideal and reliable biomonitor as well as an indicator of atmospheric trace metal pollution. They are used as model indicator species of air pollution since long back due to their simple structure, genetic diversity, totipotency, rapid colony-forming ability, and high metal resistance behavior. Bryomonitoring technique is gradually being popularized as an economically viable procedure for estimating the degrees of environmental health and evaluating the toxic pollutants in biosphere. Thus, in the present scenario, many parts of the world use these organisms for monitoring the air pollution. This article describes an overview of the relationship of terrestrial mosses with trace metals with respect to their uptake, accumulation, and toxification as well as detoxification and tolerance mechanisms. The review article explicitly expresses the caliber of the cryptogamic mosses in establishing the pristine environment around the world. It also highlights the underpinning mechanisms and potential for future research directions. We have referred more than 250 articles, which deals with the assessment and impact of different heavy metals on 52 numbers of different moss species belongs to different climatic zones. The present review covers the research work in this area carried out worldwide since 1965.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Mahapatra
- Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India
| | - Nabin Kumar Dhal
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751013, India
| | - Aditya Kishore Dash
- Biofuel and Bioprocessing Research Centre, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India
| | | | - Abanti Pradhan
- Biofuel and Bioprocessing Research Centre, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India.
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Vergel K, Zinicovscaia I, Yushin N, Frontasyeva MV. Heavy Metal Atmospheric Deposition Study in Moscow Region, Russia. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:435-440. [PMID: 31267137 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The air quality in north-eastern part of Moscow region was evaluated by trace metals atmospheric deposition using moss Pleurozium schreberi as bioindicator. Thirty six elements were determined in analyzed samples by Neutron activation analysis and Atomic absorption spectrometry. Principal component analysis was used to identify and characterize different pollution sources. Maps showing the geographical distribution of the factor scores were built using ArcGis software. Median values of the elements studied were compared with data obtained for other regions in Russia. The present survey showed that industrial activity, thermal power plants and transport still have the largest anthropogenic impact on air pollution in studied region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Vergel
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980.
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Str., MG-6, Magurele, Bucharest, Romania.
- Institute of Chemistry, Academiei Str. 3, Chisinau, Moldova.
| | - Nikita Yushin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
| | - Marina V Frontasyeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
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Kapusta P, Stanek M, Szarek-Łukaszewska G, Godzik B. Long-term moss monitoring of atmospheric deposition near a large steelworks reveals the growing importance of local non-industrial sources of pollution. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:29-39. [PMID: 31102869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although air quality in Europe is continually improving, there are regions, especially in central and eastern European countries, where this trend has been unnoticeable and even reversed in recent years. To understand the possible reasons for the persistence of these pollution "hotspots", we investigated the case of the Kraków region (S Poland) known for its heavy pollution caused by a large steelworks. In 1975, at the apogee of industrial emissions, atmospheric deposition of trace metals was evaluated in this area using moss Pleurozium schreberi as a biomonitor. The survey was repeated in 1992, 1998 and 2014. The collected data showed that air quality improved significantly over 40 years: the amount of Cd, Pb, Fe, Cu and Zn accumulated by mosses decreased by a factor of 10, 9, 3.5, 2 and 2, respectively. The downward trend continued for most metals throughout the study period, although the biggest changes occurred at the very beginning (1975-1992). This improvement was mostly due to drops in industrial production and the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies. At the end of the study (1998-2014), clear increases in the concentrations of some trace metals in moss were observed (overall or at some locations). Spatiotemporal variability of moss elemental composition suggests that this is the result of the recent emergence of new (non-industrial) sources of metal pollution, associated with the urban sprawl and intensification of agriculture. Since this process is unlikely to stop in the near future, air quality will deteriorate rather than improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kapusta
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Stanek
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Godzik
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
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