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Meneguelli-Souza AC, Pestana IA, Azevedo LS, de Almeida MG, de Souza CMM. Arsenic in the lower drainage basin of the Paraíba do Sul River (Southeast Brazil): dynamics between the water column and sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:57. [PMID: 33432428 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of arsenic (As) in the sediment and the particulate and dissolved fractions of the water column determines its behavior and bioavailability. The main geochemical parameters responsible for As mobility are organic matter and oxide-forming metals such as Fe. The As distribution and its concentration were evaluated in the dissolved fraction, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment of the lower Paraíba do Sul River (PSR), its main tributaries (Muriaé, Pomba, and Dois Rios rivers), and flooded and estuarine areas. As was not detected in the dissolved fraction. The river flow influenced the As concentration in the SPM, which was higher in the dry season than in the rainy season (2.6 ± 0.69 and 1.98 ± 0.29 mg kg-1, respectively). The Fe oxyhydroxides, organic carbon, and surface area measured in the sediment were positively related with As concentration (R2 = 0.11, 0.34, and 0.30; p < 0.05). The highest As concentrations in the sediment occurred in the secondary estuary and flooded areas (5.16 ± 4.78 and 1.23 ± 0.44 mg kg-1, respectively), in which finer granulometric fractions (silt and clay) predominated (64% and 71%, respectively), in addition to greater surface area. The measurement of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and atomic ratio (C:N)a indicated the existence of a combination of autochthonous and allochthonous sources of organic matter composing the SPM. In general, the As concentrations in the sediment and SPM were low, with values below that permitted by Brazilian regulations (5.9 mg kg-1), which suggests that the As sources in the lower basin of the PSR are diffuse and natural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaliza Carvalho Meneguelli-Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Inácio Abreu Pestana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Cristina Maria Magalhães de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
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Costa L, Mirlean N. Selenium Enrichment in Pore Water of Estuarine Sediments Subject to Salt Marsh Vegetation Bioirrigation (Patos Estuary, Southern Brazil). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:468-473. [PMID: 32886144 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), iron (Fe), and free sulfides contents in pore waters were measured to study the liberation of soluble Se in suboxic conditions. The sediment core was collected in a salt marsh in Patos Lagoon estuary (southern Brazil), and it was obtained during a brackish water period, in a low intertidal stand vegetated by Spartina alterniflora. The redox potential (Eh), pH, andacid volatile sulfides (AVS) content were also investigated. Pore water results sustained the idea that S. alterniflora roots promote oxygen penetration to depths of ca. 10 cm below the salt marsh surface, increasing Eh and lowering the pH in this interval. High Se concentrations (e.g., 16.9 µg L-1), that are above US. EPA environmental criteria, were observed in the pore water to depths between 10 and 20 cm and are associated to low AVS contents and high concentrations of free sulfides. In the first 10 cm the lowering of Se contents probably happens due the low pH and biological volatilization of the metalloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Costa
- Oceanography Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 08 Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil.
| | - Nicolai Mirlean
- Oceanography Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 08 Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
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Cheng W, Lei S, Bian Z, Zhao Y, Li Y, Gan Y. Geographic distribution of heavy metals and identification of their sources in soils near large, open-pit coal mines using positive matrix factorization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121666. [PMID: 31753667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities are considered the most important factor causing heavy metal accumulation in surface soil and it is important to understand the spatial distribution and source of heavy metals in typical steppes. In this study, the contents, spatial distribution, and sources of heavy metals were determined using geostatistical analyses, multivariate statistical analyses, and a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model using 152 soil samples collected from a grassland near the Sheng-Li coal base. The results shows that the mean concentration of heavy metals is low and does not threaten the quality of the local soil. However, the concentrations of eight heavy metals (Cu 15.04 mg kg-1, Zn 49.30 mg kg-1, Cd 0.11 mg kg-1, Pb 20.00 mg kg-1, Se 0.12 mg kg-1, Ge 1.45 mg kg-1, As 9.06 mg kg-1, and Sn 2.52 mg kg-1) are higher than their mean background values in soil in Inner Mongolia. High coefficients of variation for the heavy metals, especially Ge (1.03), and As (0.56), indicate that the concentrations of the elements are affected by the presence of the open-pit mines. Multivariate statistical and geo-statistical analyses show that Ge and As are highly correlated (R2 = 0.67, P < 0.01), suggesting that they have the same source. Using geostatistical and PMF models, we identified five potential pollution sources in the study area: 1) Industrial pollution (21.2 %), which includes smelting activity and open-pit coal mines, as suggested by elevated levels of Zn, Cd, Ge, and Cu; 2) Germanium mining (7.6 %), as indicated by higher levels of Ge and As; 3) Natural sources (37.2 %), as indicated by higher levels of Mn and Ni; 4) Coal mining activity (8.5 %), as indicated by higher levels of Sn and Cr; 5) Coal conveyor belts and high vehicular traffic, as indicated by elevated levels of Pb and Se. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the coal base has a significant effect on the heavy metal concentration in the grassland. Therefore, the identification of the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the area may be key to controlling the pollution in the grassland. The results of this study can help to reduce pollution sources, cut down on pollution transport. So that zonal pollution control and ecological protection in the typical steppe region is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu key laboratory of resouces and environmental information engineering, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Environment Science and Spatial Information, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shaogang Lei
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu key laboratory of resouces and environmental information engineering, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Environment Science and Spatial Information, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Zhengfu Bian
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Environment Science and Spatial Information, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yibo Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu key laboratory of resouces and environmental information engineering, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Environment Science and Spatial Information, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yuncong Li
- Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Yandong Gan
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
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Quintela FM, Lima GP, Silveira ML, Costa PG, Bianchini A, Loebmann D, Martins SE. High arsenic and low lead concentrations in fish and reptiles from Taim wetlands, a Ramsar site in southern Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:1004-1014. [PMID: 30743898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The pollution caused by heavy metals and metalloids represent an emerging threat to wetlands worldwide. Herein we examined the concentrations of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) in fish and aquatic/semi-aquatic reptiles from Taim wetlands, a Ramsar site located at the southernmost Brazilian coastal plain. A total of 82 individuals from six fish and three reptile species from varied trophic levels were analysed through furnace graphite atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean As concentrations (μg·g-1 dry weight) were markedly high, ranging from 13.06 ± 3.18 to 19.4 ± 4.04 in fish and 3.51 ± 2.36 to 19.00 ± 10.45 in reptiles. Mean Pb concentrations were low, ranging from 0.00067 ± 0.00060 to 0.0040 ± 0.00045 in fishes and 0.00103 ± 0.0011 to 0.0271 ± 0.0353 in reptiles. The highest As mean level was detected in the herbivore-insectivore fish Astyanax aff. fasciatus, a species of low trophic level among the analysed taxa. The highest Pb mean level was found in the broad-snouted caiman Caiman latirostris, the highest trophic level species analysed. The present study warns for the contamination of As especially in edible fish, which constitute a threat to the communities that use this resource in systems connected to Taim wetlands. As concentrations in reptiles were also higher than those reported in previous studies concerning the groups herein addressed. It is possible that the high As burdens found in the analysed species could be attributed to the use of fertilizers and pesticides in extensive irrigated rice areas located in Taim wetlands surroundings, but natural sources cannot be dismissed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M Quintela
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilmar Pinto Lima
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Melise L Silveira
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Loebmann
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Samantha E Martins
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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