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Li WH, Wang F, Song GY, Yu QH, Du RP, Xu P. PARP-1: a critical regulator in radioprotection and radiotherapy-mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1198948. [PMID: 37351512 PMCID: PMC10283042 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1198948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since its discovery, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) has been extensively studied due to its regulatory role in numerous biologically crucial pathways. PARP inhibitors have opened new therapeutic avenues for cancer patients and have gained approval as standalone treatments for certain types of cancer. With continued advancements in the research of PARP inhibitors, we can fully realize their potential as therapeutic targets for various diseases. Purpose: To assess the current understanding of PARP-1 mechanisms in radioprotection and radiotherapy based on the literature. Methods: We searched the PubMed database and summarized information on PARP inhibitors, the interaction of PARP-1 with DNA, and the relationships between PARP-1 and p53/ROS, NF-κB/DNA-PK, and caspase3/AIF, respectively. Results: The enzyme PARP-1 plays a crucial role in repairing DNA damage and modifying proteins. Cells exposed to radiation can experience DNA damage, such as single-, intra-, or inter-strand damage. This damage, associated with replication fork stagnation, triggers DNA repair mechanisms, including those involving PARP-1. The activity of PARP-1 increases 500-fold on DNA binding. Studies on PARP-1-knockdown mice have shown that the protein regulates the response to radiation. A lack of PARP-1 also increases the organism's sensitivity to radiation injury. PARP-1 has been found positively or negatively regulate the expression of specific genes through its modulation of key transcription factors and other molecules, including NF-κB, p53, Caspase 3, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Conclusion: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the physiological and pathological roles of PARP-1 and examines the impact of PARP-1 inhibitors under conditions of ionizing radiation exposure. The review also emphasizes the challenges and opportunities for developing PARP-1 inhibitors to improve the clinical outcomes of ionizing radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Song
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qing-Hua Yu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Peng Du
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Xu
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Matejovic M, Radermacher P. Pulmonary and renal protection: targeting PARP to ventilator-induced lung and kidney injury? CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2010; 14:147. [PMID: 20459596 PMCID: PMC2911694 DOI: 10.1186/cc8982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Both acute lung injury and acute kidney injury (AKI) are frequent and serious problems in intensive care medicine. Therefore, the avoiding of any iatrogenic insult to these organs is of great importance. While an increasing body of evidence suggests that mechanical ventilation is capable of inducing lung and distant organ injury, the complex underlying molecular mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. In the previous issue of Critical Care, Vaschetto and colleagues reported the results of an experimental study designed to further explore pathways linking injurious ventilation with AKI. The authors demonstrated that scavenging of peroxynitrite or inhibiting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) afforded protection against AKI induced by double-hit lung injury. Although PARP inhibition or peroxynitrite detoxification or both may become viable candidates for a protective strategy in this setting, the implementation of a lung-protective ventilatory strategy remains the only clinical tool to mitigate the lung biotrauma and its systemic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Matejovic
- 1st Medical Department, Charles University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, alej Svobody 80, 304 60 Plzen, Czech Republic.
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Saunders FD, Westphal M, Enkhbaatar P, Wang J, Pazdrak K, Nakano Y, Hamahata A, Jonkam CC, Lange M, Connelly RL, Kulp GA, Cox RA, Hawkins HK, Schmalstieg FC, Horvath E, Szabo C, Traber LD, Whorton E, Herndon DN, Traber DL. Molecular biological effects of selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition in ovine lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 298:L427-36. [PMID: 19965980 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00147.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is critically involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury resulting from combined burn and smoke inhalation injury. We hypothesized that 7-nitroindazole, a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, blocks central molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of this double-hit insult. Twenty-five adult ewes were surgically prepared and randomly allocated to 1) an uninjured, untreated sham group (n = 7), 2) an injured control group with no treatment (n = 7), 3) an injury group treated with 7-nitroindazole from 1-h postinjury to the remainder of the 24-h study period (n = 7), or 4) a sham-operated group subjected only to 7-nitroindazole to judge the effects in health. The combination injury was associated with twofold increased activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and oxidative/nitrosative stress, as indicated by significant increases in plasma nitrate/nitrite concentrations, 3-nitrotyrosine (an indicator of peroxynitrite formation), and malondialdehyde lung tissue content. The presence of systemic inflammation was evidenced by twofold, sixfold, and threefold increases in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, IL-8, and myeloperoxidase lung tissue concentrations, respectively (each P < 0.05 vs. sham). These molecular changes were linked to tissue damage, airway obstruction, and pulmonary shunting with deteriorated gas exchange. 7-Nitroindazole blocked, or at least attenuated, all these pathological changes. Our findings suggest 1) that nitric oxide formation derived from increased neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity represents a pivotal reactive agent in the patho-physiology of combined burn and smoke inhalation injury and 2) that selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition represents a goal-directed approach to attenuate the degree of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona D Saunders
- Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Maybauer MO, Maybauer DM, Fraser JF, Traber LD, Westphal M, Cox RA, Huda R, Nakano YY, Enkhbaatar P, Hawkins HK, Herndon DN, Traber DL. Ceftazidime improves hemodynamics and oxygenation in ovine smoke inhalation injury and septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33:1219-1227. [PMID: 17503018 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-007-0658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate ceftazidime in acute lung injury (ALI) and sepsis. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective, randomized, controlled animal study in an investigational ICU at a university hospital. INTERVENTIONS Eighteen female Merino sheep were prepared for chronic study and subjected to smoke inhalation and septic challenge according to an established protocol. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Whereas global hemodynamics and oxygenation remained stable in sham animals (no injury, no treatment), the injury contributed to a hypotensive-hyperdynamic circulation in the control group (smoke inhalation and sepsis, no treatment), as indicated by a significant increase in cardiac index) and heart rate and a drop in mean arterial pressure. Treatment with ceftazidime (smoke inhalation and sepsis, treatment group) stabilized cardiac index and heart rate and attenuated the decrease in mean arterial pressure. The deterioration in PaO2/FiO2 ratio and pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) was significantly delayed and blunted by ceftazidime. At 24 h after injury a significant increase in airway obstruction scores of bronchi and bronchioles in both injured groups was observed. Ceftazidime significantly reduced airway obstruction vs. control animals. Whereas plasma nitrate/nitrite levels increased similarly in the two injured groups, lung 3-nitrotyrosine content remained at the baseline level in the ceftazidime group. CONCLUSIONS In ovine lung injury ceftazidime improves global hemodynamics and oxygenation not only by bacterial clearance but also via reduction in toxic nitrogen species such as 3-nitrotyrosine. Therefore ceftazidime appears as a clinically relevant adjunct in the common setting of sepsis-associated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc O Maybauer
- Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital, 301 University Blvd., 77555-0833, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sektion Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstrasse 9, 89075, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Dirk M Maybauer
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sektion Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstrasse 9, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - John F Fraser
- Royal Children's Hospital Burns Research Group and Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lillian D Traber
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - Martin Westphal
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert A Cox
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - Ruksana Huda
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - Yoshimitsu Y Nakano
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - Hal K Hawkins
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - David N Herndon
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - Daniel L Traber
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
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Andrews P, Azoulay E, Antonelli M, Brochard L, Brun-Buisson C, De Backer D, Dobb G, Fagon JY, Gerlach H, Groeneveld J, Macrae D, Mancebo J, Metnitz P, Nava S, Pugin J, Pinsky M, Radermacher P, Richard C. Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2006. I. Experimental studies. Clinical studies: brain injury, renal failure and endocrinology. Intensive Care Med 2006; 33:49-57. [PMID: 17180391 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-006-0501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Andrews
- Intensive Care Medicine Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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