Tying the knot with a robot: legal and philosophical foundations for human–artificial intelligence matrimony

The Moral Consideration of Artificial Entities: A Literature Review

Ethicists, policy-makers, and the general public have questioned whether artificial entities such as robots warrant rights or other forms of moral consideration. There is little synthesis of the research on this topic so far. We identify 294 relevant research or discussion items in our literature review of this topic. There is widespread agreement among scholars that some artificial entities could warrant moral consideration in the future, if not also the present. The reasoning varies, such as concern for the effects on artificial entities and concern for the effects on human society. Beyond the conventional consequentialist, deontological, and virtue ethicist ethical frameworks, some scholars encourage "information ethics" and "social-relational" approaches, though there are opportunities for more in-depth ethical research on the nuances of moral consideration of artificial entities. There is limited relevant empirical data collection, primarily in a few psychological studies on current moral and social attitudes of humans towards robots and other artificial entities. This suggests an important gap for psychological, sociological, economic, and organizational research on how artificial entities will be integrated into society and the factors that will determine how the interests of artificial entities are considered.

Artificial Intelligence Applications in Military Systems and Their Influence on Sense of Security of Citizens

The paper presents an overview of current and expected prospects for the development of artificial intelligence algorithms, especially in military applications, and conducted research regarding applications in the area of civilian life. Attention was paid mainly to the use of AI algorithms in cybersecurity, object detection, military logistics and robotics. It discusses the problems connected with the present solutions and how artificial intelligence can help solve them. It briefly presents also mathematical structures and descriptions for ART, CNN and SVM networks as well as Expectation–Maximization and Gaussian Mixture Model algorithms that are used in solving of discussed problems. The third chapter discusses the attitude of society towards the use of neural network algorithms in military applications. The basic problems related to ethics in the application of artificial intelligence and issues of responsibility for errors made by autonomous systems are discussed.