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Gojkovic Z, Ivancevic T, Jovanovic B. Biomechanical model of swimming rehabilitation after hip and knee surgery. J Biomech 2019; 94:165-169. [PMID: 31427093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As a low-to-moderate intensity rehabilitation exercise after hip and knee surgery, we propose a dynamical model of the legs motion through the water medium in freestyle and backstroke swimming. We formulate a general Kirchhoff-Lagrangian dynamics model of the legs-propulsion through the water in post-surgical rehabilitation swimming. We start by defining the two-leg-propulsion configuration manifold. This is composed of eight Euclidean groups of rigid motions in 3D space for each of the four leg segments. Next, we define Newton-Euler dynamics for each segment. This single segmental dynamics is further generalized into Lagrangian dynamics for the whole leg-propulsion system. Finally, the water effects are added in the form of Kirchhoff's vector cross-products. In agreement with orthopaedic recommendations for post-surgical rehabilitation, numerical simulation is performed on a simplified version of the full Kirchhoff-Lagrangian dynamics model, which we call the "robotic swimming leg" - with intentionally reduced number of (microscopic, non-sagittal) degrees-of-freedom. The purpose of this development is both qualitative, for medical and physiotherapist practitioners to study, and quantitative, for biomechanics experts to analyze and further develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Gojkovic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Cushion EJ, Warmenhoven J, North JS, Cleather DJ. Principal Component Analysis Reveals the Proximal to Distal Pattern in Vertical Jumping Is Governed by Two Functional Degrees of Freedom. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:193. [PMID: 31440505 PMCID: PMC6694595 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful completion of motor tasks requires effective control of multiple degrees of freedom (DOF), with adaptations occurring as a function of varying performance constraints. In this study we sought to compare the emergent coordination strategies employed in vertical jumping under different task constraints [countermovement jump (CMJ) with arm swing-CMJas and no arm swing-CMJnas]. In order to achieve this, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on joint moment waveform data from the hip, knee and ankle. This statistical approach has the advantage of analyzing the whole movement within a time series and reduces multidimensional datasets to lower dimensions for analysis. Both individual and group analyses were conducted. For individual analysis, PCA was conducted on combined hip, knee, and ankle joint moment data for each individual across both CMJnas (thirty-eight participants), and CMJas (twenty-two participants) conditions. PCA was also performed comparing all data from each individual across CMJnas and CMJas conditions. The results revealed a maximum of three principal components (PC) explained over 90% of the variance in the data sets for both conditions and within individual and group analyses. For individual analysis, no more than 2PCs were required for both conditions. For group analysis, CMJas required 3PCs to explain over 90% of the variance within the dataset and CMJnas only required 2PCs. Reconstruction of the original NJM waveforms from the PCA output demonstrates a greater loading of hip and knee joint moments to PC1, with PC2 showing a greater loading to ankle joint moment. The reduction in dimensions of the original data shows the proximal to distal extension pattern in the sagittal plane, typical of vertical jumping tasks, is governed by only 2 functional DOF, at both a group, and individual level, rather than the typically reported 3 mechanical DOF in some forms of jumping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Cushion
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - John Warmenhoven
- Exercise and Sports Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Jamie S North
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Cleather
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
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Warner MB, Wilson DA, Herrington L, Dixon S, Power C, Jones R, Heller MO, Carden P, Lewis CL. A systematic review of the discriminating biomechanical parameters during the single leg squat. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 36:78-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Shafizadeh M, Crowther R, Wheat J, Davids K. Effects of personal and task constraints on limb coordination during walking: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 61:1-10. [PMID: 30415107 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human behaviour, emergence of movement patterns is shaped by different, interacting constraints and consequently, individuals with motor disorders usually display distinctive lower limb coordination modes. OBJECTIVES To review existing evidence on the effects of motor disorders and different task constraints on emergent coordination patterns during walking, and to examine the clinical significance of task constraints on gait coordination in people with motor disorders. METHODS The search included CINHAL Plus, MEDLINE, HSNAE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Pubmed and AMED. We included studies that compared intra-limb and inter-limb coordination during gait between individuals with a motor disorder and able-bodied individuals, and under different task constraints. Two reviewers independently examined the quality of studies by using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale-cohort study. FINDINGS From the search results, we identified 1416 articles that studied gait patterns and further analysis resulted in 33 articles for systematic review and 18 articles for meta-analysis-1, and 10 articles for meta-analysis-2. In total, the gait patterns of 539 patients and 358 able-bodied participants were analysed in the sampled studies. Results of the meta-analysis for group comparisons revealed a low effect size for group differences (ES = -0.24), and a moderate effect size for task interventions (ES = -0.53), on limb coordination during gait. INTERPRETATION Findings demonstrated that motor disorders can be considered as an individual constraint, significantly altering gait patterns. These findings suggest that gait should be interpreted as functional adaptation to changing personal constraints, rather than as an abnormality. Results imply that designing gait interventions, through modifying locomotion tasks, can facilitate the emergent re-organisation of inter-limb coordination patterns during rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Crowther
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wheat
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
| | - Keith Davids
- Centre for Sport Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
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Wallard L, Boulet S, Cornu O, Dubuc JE, Mahaudens P, Postlethwaite D, Van Cauter M, Detrembleur C. Intersegmental kinematics coordination in unilateral peripheral and central origin: Effect on gait mechanism? Gait Posture 2018; 62:124-131. [PMID: 29547792 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gait mechanism requires an efficient intersegmental coordination in order to ensure the displacement of the body while simultaneously maintaining the postural stability. However, intersegmental coordination may be disrupted by neurological or orthopaedic involvement, this increasing the metabolic cost associated with excessive or prolonged muscle co-contraction. RESEARCH QUESTION Our aim was to evaluate and to understand how hip OA affects lower limbs coordination during gait by using the kinematic segmental covariation law method and predict the energy expenditure. METHODS In order to evaluate the influence of unilateral alteration of the lower limbs on the gait mechanism, three groups namely 63 hip osteoarthritis patients, 65 chronic hemiparetic stroke patients and 72 healthy subjects performed an instrumented gait analysis. The subjects had to walk barefoot for at least 3 min at a self-selected speed on a force measuring motor-driven treadmill. The biomechanical variables (kinematic, kinetic and energetical cost) were simultaneously recorded. RESULTS The comparison between the three groups was tested using a repeated measure ANOVA. All biomechanical parameters show significant differences between the 3 groups highlighting the gait alteration for the patients groups. However, the energetic cost remains normal in the hip osteoarthritis group despite of the alteration of the other variables. A multivariate analysis allowed to identify the independent variables affecting more specifically their gait mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE This study showed the importance of quantitative functional evaluation in order to better understand the impact of hip osteoarthritis on the gait mechanism. The biomechanical analysis provides objective evidence of the altered gait mechanism and more particularly of the intersegmental coordination in these patients. This gait analysis is therefore an interesting tool in the functional evaluation of the patient to better guide the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wallard
- Université catholique de Louvain, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Avenue Mounier 53, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sophie Boulet
- Université catholique de Louvain, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Avenue Mounier 53, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Cornu
- Université catholique de Louvain, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Avenue Mounier 53, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Service d'orthopédie et de traumatologie de l'appareil locomoteur, Avenue Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Emile Dubuc
- Université catholique de Louvain, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Avenue Mounier 53, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Service d'orthopédie et de traumatologie de l'appareil locomoteur, Avenue Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Mahaudens
- Université catholique de Louvain, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Avenue Mounier 53, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Postlethwaite
- Cliniques de l'Europe, Service d'orthopédie et de traumatologie, Sainte Elisabeth, Avenue De Fré 206, 1180 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Maïté Van Cauter
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Service d'orthopédie et de traumatologie de l'appareil locomoteur, Avenue Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Detrembleur
- Université catholique de Louvain, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Avenue Mounier 53, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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GUO DAIQI, KUAI SHENGZHENG, ZHOU WENYU, GUAN XINYU, LIAO ZHENHUA, LIU WEIQIANG, WANG DAPING. INTERSEGMENTAL COORDINATION IN LOWER EXTREMITIES AND MULTI-SEGMENTAL SPINE DURING DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING. J MECH MED BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519417400152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Human movement consists of numerous degrees of freedom (DOF). How the nervous system (NS) computes the appropriate command to coordinate these DOFs to finish specific tasks is still hotly debated. One common way to simplify the redundant DOFs is to coordinate multiple DOFs by combining them into units or synergies. The present study aimed to investigate the kinematic complexity of five activities of daily living (ADLs) and to detect the amount of kinematic synergy during every ADL and the relationship of the motion pattern between these ADLs. Method: Twenty-six able-bodied male individuals performed level walking, stair climbing, trunk bending, ipsilateral pick-up and contralateral pick-up in sequence. The segmental excursion of the thorax, upper lumbar, lower lumbar, pelvis, thigh and shank was calculated. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the motion pattern of every ADL. Result: In the sagittal plane, trunk bending, ipsilateral pick-up and contralateral pick-up could be simplified by using one principal component (PC) with more than 95% variance accounted for (VAF). In addition, the motion pattern of every PC was similar among the three ADLs. Moreover, the angles between the vectors representing the first PC of the three ADLs were all less than 10[Formula: see text]. Level walking and stair climbing needed at least two PCs to reach 95% VAF. In addition, the motion pattern was different between the two ADLs. Moreover, the angle between the first PC of the two ADLs was around 90[Formula: see text]. In the coronal plane, the five ADLs except contralateral pick-up arrived at 90% VAF with two PCs. The motion pattern and the angle between the first PC both demonstrated larger differences among the five ADLs. Conclusion: Two PCs were essential to represent level walking and stair climbing, indicating a complex control strategy used by the NS. Trunk bending, ipsilateral pick-up and contralateral pick-up could be described with one PC in the sagittal plane, showing a strong coupling and simple motion pattern. In addition, the motion pattern varied considerably among these ADLs. The outcomes of this study can help clinicians to select suitable ADLs for the patients with various joint or disc diseases and to conduct corresponding functional test and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- DAIQI GUO
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, P. R. China
| | - SHENGZHENG KUAI
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - WENYU ZHOU
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, P. R. China
| | - XINYU GUAN
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - ZHENHUA LIAO
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - WEIQIANG LIU
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - DAPING WANG
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen, 518035, P. R. China
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Boyer KA, Andriacchi TP. The Nature of Age-Related Differences in Knee Function during Walking: Implication for the Development of Knee Osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167352. [PMID: 27973527 PMCID: PMC5156354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in knee kinematics have been identified in the early stages of osteoarthritis (OA). However, there is a paucity of information on the nature of kinematic change that occur with aging prior to the development of OA, This study applied a robust statistical method (Principal Component Analysis) to test the hypothesis that coupling between primary (flexion) and secondary (anterior-posterior translation, internal-external rotation) joint motions in walking would differ for age groupings of healthy subjects. Methods Seventy-four healthy participants divided into three groups with mean ages of 24 ± 2.3 years (younger), 48 ± 4.7years (middle-age) and 64 ± 2.4 years (older) were examined. Principal Component Analysis was used to characterize and statistically compare the patterns of knee joint movement and their relationships in walking. Results There were significant differences between the younger group and both the middle-age and older groups in the knee frontal plane angle and the coupling between knee flexion (PC1, p≤0.04) and the relative magnitudes of secondary plane motions in early and late stance (PC3, p<0.01). Two additional principal components (PC2, p = 0.03 and PC5, p<0.01) described differences in early stance knee flexion and relationship with secondary plane motion through-out stance for the older compared with middle-age group. Conclusions It appears there are changes in knee kinematics that occur with aging. The kinematic differences were identified for middle-aged as well as older adults suggesting midlife changes in neuromuscular physiology or behavior may have important consequences. These kinematic measures offer the potential to identify early markers for the risk of developing knee OA with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Boyer
- Departments of Kinesiology and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas P. Andriacchi
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA United States of America
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
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Ismail SA, Button K, Simic M, Van Deursen R, Pappas E. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic gait deviations in individuals with chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2016; 35:68-80. [PMID: 27132248 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered joint motion that occurs in people with an anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee is proposed to play a role in the initiation of knee osteoarthritis, however, the exact mechanism is poorly understood. Although several studies have investigated gait deviations in individuals with chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee in the frontal and transverse planes, no systematic review has summarized the kinematic and kinetic deviations in these two planes. METHODS We searched five electronic databases from inception to 14th October 2013, with key words related to anterior cruciate ligament, biomechanics and gait, and limited to human studies only. Two independent reviewers assessed eligibility based on predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria and methodological quality was evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement checklist. FINDINGS We identified 16 studies, totaling 183 subjects with anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee and 211 healthy subjects. Due to the variability in reported outcomes, we could only perform meta-analysis for 13 sagittal plane outcomes. The only significant finding from our meta-analysis showed that individuals with anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee demonstrated a significantly greater external hip flexor angular impulse compared to control (P=0.03). INTERPRETATION No consensus about what constitutes a typical walking pattern in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee can be made, nor can conclusions be derived to explain if gait deviations in the frontal and transverse plane contributed to the development of the knee osteoarthritis among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiek Abdullah Ismail
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Kate Button
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Milena Simic
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert Van Deursen
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Pappas
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics of male athletes: implications for the development of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs. Sports Med 2016; 45:809-22. [PMID: 25663251 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is likely the most effective strategy to reduce undesired health consequences including reconstruction surgery, long-term rehabilitation, and pre-mature osteoarthritis occurrence. A thorough understanding of mechanisms and risk factors of ACL injury is crucial to develop effective prevention programs, especially for biomechanical and neuromuscular modifiable risk factors. Historically, the available evidence regarding ACL risk factors has mainly involved female athletes or has compared male and female athletes without an intra-group comparison for male athletes. Therefore, the principal purpose of this article was to review existing evidence regarding the investigation of biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics that may imply aberrant knee kinematics and kinetics that would place the male athlete at risk of ACL injury. Biomechanical evidence related to knee kinematics and kinetics was reviewed by different planes (sagittal and frontal/coronal), tasks (single-leg landing and cutting), situation (anticipated and unanticipated), foot positioning, playing surface, and fatigued status. Neuromuscular evidence potentially related to ACL injury was reviewed. Recommendations for prevention programs for ACL injuries in male athletes were developed based on the synthesis of the biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics. The recommendations suggest performing exercises with multi-plane biomechanical components including single-leg maneuvers in dynamic movements, reaction to and decision making in unexpected situations, appropriate foot positioning, and consideration of playing surface condition, as well as enhancing neuromuscular aspects such as fatigue, proprioception, muscle activation, and inter-joint coordination.
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Assessment of neuromuscular risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury through tensiomyography in male soccer players. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23:2508-13. [PMID: 24807228 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-014-3018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of mechanical and contractile properties of skeletal muscles of the thigh, assessed through tensiomyography (TMG), as risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in male soccer players. METHODS Male soccer players with confirmed ACL tear included in this study underwent resting TMG assessment of thigh muscles of the uninjured side. The same values were obtained from a sex-, sports level-matched control group in both sides. The maximal displacement (Dm), delay time (Td), contraction time (Tc), sustained time (Ts), and half-relaxation time (Tr) were obtained for the following muscles in all subjects: vastus medialis (VM), vastus laterals (VL), rectus femoris (RF), semitendinosus (ST), and biceps femoris (BF). TMG values of the uninjured side in ACL-injured group were compared to mean values between both sides in the control subjects. RESULTS There were 40 ACL-injured and 38 control individuals. The vast majority of TMG parameters were higher in the uninjured side of ACL-injured individuals compared to the control group. The VL-Tr, RF-Tc, RF-Ts, RF-Tr, and BF-Dm values were significantly higher in the uninjured side compared to the control group. Quadriceps muscles demonstrated more significant between-group differences than hamstring muscles. Specifically, RF was the muscle where most significant between-group differences were found. CONCLUSIONS Resistance to fatigue and muscle stiffness in the hamstring muscles may be risk factors for ACL injury in male soccer players. In addition, a predominant impairment in TMG characteristics of the quadriceps over hamstrings may indicate an altered muscular co-contraction (imbalance) between both muscle groups, which might be another risk factor for ACL injury in this population. These findings should be taken into account when screening athletes at high risk of ACL injury and also to design adequate prevention programs for ACL injury in male soccer players.
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Kaya DO, Toprak U, Baltaci G, Yosmaoglu B, Ozer H. Long-term functional and sonographic outcomes in Osgood-Schlatter disease. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013; 21:1131-9. [PMID: 22751942 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-012-2116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the sonographic characteristics, functional aspects and life quality of a group of adolescent patients 2 years after having been diagnosed with Osgood-Schlatter disease and compare them with an age-matched healthy control group. METHODS The study was conducted on eighteen Osgood-Schlatter patients with unilateral involvement and 14 age-matched healthy controls. The Flaviis classification and patellar tendon characteristics were observed using a GE Logiq 9 scanner. Broad and vertical jump tests were used for jumping performance. The coordination, proprioception, strength and endurance functions were assessed with the Functional Squat System. For the quality of life, the SF-36 questionnaire was used. The Wilcoxon test for the patients' initial and second-year assessment and Mann-Whitney U test for the comparison between the patient and control groups were used. RESULTS By the end of second year, 38.9% of the patients had totally recovered. The patellar tendon lengthened, distal diameter and distal area of the tendon had lessened, and no significant difference was observed between patient and control groups (n.s). Improvements were detected for the bilateral broad jump test scores, the quality of life and coordination of the patients after 2 years (p < 0.05). The average power of endurance and the total work of strength were significantly higher in control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS According to the sonography results 2 years after diagnosis, nearly half of the patients had totally recovered. Coordination was the only parameter that improved over the 2-year period. The patient group strength and endurance function remained lower than the control group. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Ozer Kaya
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ahi Evran University, 40200, Kirsehir, Turkey.
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Casadio M, Pressman A, Fishbach A, Danziger Z, Acosta S, Chen D, Tseng HY, Mussa-Ivaldi FA. Functional reorganization of upper-body movement after spinal cord injury. Exp Brain Res 2010; 207:233-47. [PMID: 20972779 PMCID: PMC3534827 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Survivors of spinal cord injury need to reorganize their residual body movements for interacting with assistive devices and performing activities that used to be easy and natural. To investigate movement reorganization, we asked subjects with high-level spinal cord injury (SCI) and unimpaired subjects to control a cursor on a screen by performing upper-body motions. While this task would be normally accomplished by operating a computer mouse, here shoulder motions were mapped into the cursor position. Both the control and the SCI subjects were rapidly able to reorganize their movements and to successfully control the cursor. The majority of the subjects in both groups were successful in reducing the movements that were not effective at producing cursor motions. This is inconsistent with the hypothesis that the control system is merely concerned with the accurate acquisition of the targets and is unconcerned with motions that are not relevant to this goal. In contrast, our findings suggest that subjects can learn to reorganize coordination so as to increase the correspondence between the subspace of their upper-body motions with the plane in which the controlled cursor moves. This is effectively equivalent to constructing an inverse internal model of the map from body motions to cursor motions, established by the experiment. These results are relevant to the development of interfaces for assistive devices that optimize the use of residual voluntary control and enhance the learning process in disabled users, searching for an easily learnable map between their body motor space and control space of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Casadio
- Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, 345 E. Superior Street, Suite 1406, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Landing stability in anterior cruciate ligament deficient versus healthy individuals: A motor control approach. Phys Ther Sport 2008; 9:193-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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