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Herman ZJ, Kaarre J, Getgood AMJ, Musahl V. Precision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Clin Sports Med 2024; 43:535-546. [PMID: 38811126 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Precision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) refers to the individualized approach to prerehabilitation, surgery (including anatomy, bony morphology, and repair/reconstruction of concomitant injuries), postrehabilitation, and functional recovery. This individualized approach is poised to revolutionize orthopedic sports medicine, aiming to improve patient outcomes. The purpose of this article is to provide a summary of precision ACLR, from the time of diagnosis to the time of return to play, with additional insight into the future of ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Herman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Janina Kaarre
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alan M J Getgood
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada; Department of Surgery, Fowler-Kennedy Sports Medicine Clinic 3M Centre, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; Western's Bone and Joint Institute, University Hospital, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Volker Musahl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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Sun Y, Tang Y. The relationship between lateral femoral condyle ratio measured by MRI and anterior cruciate ligament injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1362110. [PMID: 38600950 PMCID: PMC11004325 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1362110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that the lateral femoral condyle ratio (LFCR) measured by X-ray has a significant relationship with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, few relevant studies have been performed on LFCR measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Purpose (1) To evaluate the relationship between LFCR measured by MRI and ACL injury or rerupture. (2) To compare the LFCR measured by MRI with existing bony morphological risk factors and screen out the most predictive risk factors for primary ACL injury or rerupture. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Totally 147 patients who underwent knee arthroscopic surgery from 2015 to 2019 with minimum follow-up of 48 months were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were placed into three groups: 1) the control group of patients with simple meniscus tears without ligament injury; 2) the primary noncontact ACL injury group; 3) ACL rerupture group (ACL reconstruction failure). The LFCR measured by MRI and other previous known risk factors associated with MRI (notch width index, medial tibial slope, lateral tibial slope, medial tibial depth, lateral tibial height) were performed to evaluate their predictive value for ACL injury and rerupture. All the risk factors with p < 0.01 according to univariate analysis were included in the logistic regression models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, cut-off, and area under the curve (AUC). Z tests were used to compare the AUC values. Results The LFCR measured by MRI was obviously higher in primary ACL injury group (0.628 ± 0.020) and in ACL rerupture group (0.625 ± 0.021) than that in the control group (0.593 ± 0.030). The best risk factor was the LFCR with a cut-off of 0.602 (AUC, 0.818; 95% CI, 0.748-0.878; sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 66%). When combined with lateral tibial slope (cutoff, 7°) and lateral tibial height (cutoff, 3.6 mm), the diagnostic performance was improved significantly (AUC, 0.896; 95% CI, 0.890-0.950; sensitivity, 87%; specificity, 80%). Conclusion The increased LFCR measured by MRI was associated with a significantly higher risk for ACL injury or rerupture. The combination of LFCR, lateral tibial slope and lateral tibial height were the most predictive risk factors. This may help clinicians identify susceptible individuals and allow precision approaches for better prevention, treatment and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
- Clinical Research Center, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
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Gawande V, Badge A. Clinical Effectiveness of Arthroscopy-Assisted Fixation in the Treatment of Avulsed Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries. Cureus 2023; 15:e50152. [PMID: 38186527 PMCID: PMC10771625 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Avulsed posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are complex orthopedic challenges that require careful consideration and optimal management. Arthroscopy offers advantages, including smaller incisions, reduced soft tissue disruption, reduced postoperative pain, and improved visualization of intraarticular anatomy. Arthroscopy-assisted fixation results in superior clinical outcomes. Patient-specific factors, graft choice, and timing of surgery significantly impact outcomes. Rehabilitation is vital and requires a tailored approach to restore knee function. Biomechanically, arthroscopy-assisted fixation enhances joint stability and range of motion, reducing the risk of secondary injuries. Advancements in technology and surgical techniques further improve outcomes. Concomitant injuries and incorporation are essential considerations. Arthroscopy-assisted fixation is a recommended approach, but personalized care is crucial for successful recovery. Its precision in reattaching the PCL enhances joint stability and clinical results, aligning with outcomes seen in conventional procedures. Using biocompatible materials in fixation devices has significantly reduced the risk of allergic reactions or complications. This has allowed a faster and smoother recovery process for patients undergoing arthroscopy-assisted fixation. The incorporation of physical therapy and rehabilitation programs after surgery plays a vital role in restoring joint function and preventing muscle atrophy. The combination of advanced technology, surgical techniques, and personalized care has greatly improved the success rate of arthroscopy-assisted fixation procedures. Advancements in technology further improve patient outcomes, but each case should be individually assessed to determine the most appropriate treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasant Gawande
- Orthopedics, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Nagpur, IND
| | - Ankit Badge
- Medicine, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Nagpur, IND
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Zsidai B, Engler ID, Narup E, Lin RT, Nazzal EM, Winkler PW, Samuelsson K, Irrgang JJ, Musahl V. Delayed multiligament PCL reconstruction is associated with a higher prevalence of intraarticular injury and may influence treatment. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:502. [PMID: 37337235 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06638-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate differences in concomitant injury patterns and their treatment in patients undergoing early (≤ 12 weeks) and delayed (> 12 weeks) primary multiligament posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction (PCL-R). METHODS This study was a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing primary multiligament PCL-R at a single institution between 2008 and 2020. Multiligament PCL-R was defined as PCL-R and concurrent surgical treatment of one or more additional knee ligament(s). Exclusion criteria included isolated PCL-R, PCL repair, and missing data for any variable. Patients were dichotomized into early (≤ 12 weeks) and delayed (> 12 weeks) PCL-R groups based on the time elapsed between injury and surgery. Between-group comparison of variables were conducted with the Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and independent samples t-tests. RESULTS A total of 148 patients were eligible for analysis, with 57 (38.5%) patients in the early and 91 (61.1%) patients in the delayed multiligament PCL-R groups. Concomitant LCL/PLC reconstruction (LCL-R/PLC-R) was performed in 55 (60%) of delayed multiligament PCL-Rs and 23 (40%) of early PCL-Rs (p = 0.02). Despite similar rates of meniscus injury, concomitant meniscus surgery was significantly more prevalent in the early (n = 25, 44%) versus delayed (n = 19, 21%) multiligament PCL-R group (p = 0.003), with a significantly greater proportion of medial meniscus surgeries performed in the early (n = 16, 28%) compared to delayed (n = 13, 14%) PCL-R group (p = 0.04). The prevalence of knee cartilage injury was significantly different between the early (n = 12, 24%) and delayed (n = 41, 46%) multiligament PCL-R groups (p = 0.01), with more frequent involvement of the lateral (n = 17, 19% vs. n = 3, 5%, respectively; p = 0.04) and medial (n = 31, 34% vs. n = 6, 11%, respectively; p = 0.005) femoral condyles in the delayed compared to the early PCL-R group. CONCLUSIONS Given higher rates of chondral pathology and medial meniscus surgery seen in delayed multiligament PCL-R, early management of PCL-based multiligament knee injury is recommended to restore knee stability and potentially prevent the development of further intraarticular injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Zsidai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
- Sahlgrenska Sports Medicine Center, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ian D Engler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Central Maine Healthcare Orthopedics, Central Maine Medical Center, Auburn, USA
| | - Eric Narup
- Sahlgrenska Sports Medicine Center, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan T Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ehab M Nazzal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Philipp W Winkler
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
- Department of Sports Orthopaedics, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristian Samuelsson
- Sahlgrenska Sports Medicine Center, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - James J Irrgang
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Volker Musahl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Özbek EA, Dadoo S, Chang A, Simonian L, Sebastiani R, Herman Z, Runer A, Poploski KM, Smith CN, Irrgang JJ, Musahl V. Rates of Septic Arthritis After ACL Reconstruction: A Single-Center Analysis Highlighting Quadriceps Tendon Grafts. Am J Sports Med 2023:3635465231165509. [PMID: 37092731 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231165509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the infection rates for bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft (BTB), hamstring tendon autograft (HT), and allograft have been reported previously, there are limited data available for a large cohort of individuals undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) using quadriceps tendon autograft (QT). PURPOSE The aims of this study are (1) to compare rates of septic arthritis after primary and revision ACLR with QT, BTB, HT, and allograft and (2) to evaluate the association between an infection after ACLR and potential risk factors in a large single-system analysis. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS All ACLR cases performed by 10 high-volume sports medicine fellowship-trained ACL surgeons between January 2000 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Minimum follow-up was 90 days after ACLR, and all multiligament reconstructions were excluded. Demographic information, surgical variables, infection characteristics, and rate of ACL graft retention were collected for all included patients. Independent samples t test, chi-square test, or Fisher exact tests with adjusted Benjamini-Hochberg post hoc procedure were used for group comparisons. RESULTS In total, 6652 patients were included in this study. The most commonly used graft was allograft (n = 2491; 37.4%), followed by HT (n = 1743; 26.2%), BTB (n = 1478; 22.2%), and QT (n = 940; 14.1%). The overall postoperative rate of septic arthritis was 0.34% (n = 23). Septic arthritis rates based on graft type were 0.74% (n = 13) for HT, 0.24% (n = 6) for allograft, 0.20% (n = 3) for BTB, and 0.10% (n = 1) for QT. While a statistically significant difference with regard to graft type (P = .01) was observed, no significant relationships were found between postoperative septic arthritis and age, sex, revision ACLR, ACLR surgical technique, and accompanying intra-articular procedures for all septic arthritis patients (P > .05). The average time from the onset of the symptoms of infection to surgical irrigation and debridement (I&D) was 2 days (minimum, 0; maximum, 6). ACL grafts were retained during I&D procedures in all patients with postoperative septic arthritis. CONCLUSION The postoperative rate of septic arthritis was 0.1% after use of the QT autograft. While graft choice may affect rates of septic arthritis after ACLR, patient characteristics, ACLR technique, revision ACLR, and accompanying intra-articular procedures during ACLR were not associated with postoperative septic arthritis with the numbers available for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Anil Özbek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sahil Dadoo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Audrey Chang
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Simonian
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Romano Sebastiani
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary Herman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Armin Runer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen M Poploski
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clair N Smith
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James J Irrgang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Volker Musahl
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wang R, Li B, Hou B. Reconstruction of chronic anterior cruciate ligament rupture using the ligament advanced reinforcement system artificial ligament-comparisons between patients over 50 years and under 50 years. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:112. [PMID: 36819588 PMCID: PMC9929750 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background With the increasing physical activity level in elderly population, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are becoming more frequent. Due to the possible surgery complications, treatment for ACL rupture in patients with advanced age is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of reconstruction using the ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS) artificial ligament in patients older than 50 and patients younger than 50 with chronic ACL rupture. Methods Indications included: (I) concurrent history of subjective symptomatic anterior knee instability despite nonoperative rehabilitation for least 3 months, (II) positive preoperative Lachman and pivot shift tests, (III) ACL stump still connecting the femur with the tibia as demonstrated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and (IV) some residual ligament fibers still connecting the femur with the tibia as demonstrated by arthroscopy. Participants were divided into groups based on their age. Participants were divided into groups based on their age. A total of 37 patients who underwent reconstruction of chronic ACL rupture using the LARS artificial ligament were divided into group A (≥50 years, n=16) and group B (<50 years, n=21). Results The outcome measures were compared between the 2 groups. These included the baseline clinical data, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scoring system, Pivot shift test, Lachman test, Kneelax arthrometer measurements, Tegner activity scale, Lysholm knee scoring scale, and Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic classification of arthritis and complications. Postoperative knee laxity and the functional examination were significantly improved compared to preoperative measurements for both groups (all P<0.01). No significant differences were found in postoperative knee laxity and functional examination between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). The level of osteoarthritis did not statistically increase in either group during follow-up (all P>0.05). No complications associated with the arthroscopic surgery were found in either group. Conclusions The reconstruction of chronic ACL rupture using the LARS artificial ligament showed similar therapeutic effects in patients over the age of 50 and those under the age of 50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bingzong Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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