Genetic association in female stress urinary incontinence based on proteomic findings: a case-control study

Inheritance patterns of lower urinary tract symptoms in adults: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE

To compile and evaluate the heritability and inheritance patterns of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in adult cohorts.

METHODS

Searches of five databases (PubMed, Embase, APA PsycInfo, Global Health, and OVID Medline) commenced on 6 July 2024, resulting in 736 articles retrieved after deduplication. Studies evaluating heritability patterns, gene frequencies, and familial aggregation of symptoms were included for review. Screening and predefined eligibility criteria produced 34 studies for final review. A descriptive analysis of synthesised data was performed, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The Cochrane Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool and the Johanna Briggs Institute checklist were used to evaluate these studies.

RESULTS

Ten of the 34 studies (29%) described general LUTS, 14 (41%) described symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), nine (26%) described urinary incontinence (UI; urge UI [UUI], stress UI [SUI] and mixed UI [MUI]), four (12%) described nocturia alone, two (6%) described overactive bladder (OAB), and four (13%) described other specific symptoms (frequency, postvoid residual urine volume). BPE symptoms, UI (MUI and UUI), nocturia alone, and frequency alone were associated with genetic predisposition, whilst OAB and SUI had more modest inheritance.

CONCLUSION

The pathogenetic and pharmacological mechanisms fundamental to LUTS manifestation are highly heterogeneous. Further work is required to evaluate the inheritance patterns of LUTS more extensively.

Molecular Processes in Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common and burdensome condition. Because of the large knowledge gap around the molecular processes involved in its pathophysiology, the aim of this review was to provide a systematic overview of genetic variants, gene and protein expression changes related to SUI in human and animal studies. On 5 January 2021, a systematic search was performed in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library. The screening process and quality assessment were performed in duplicate, using predefined inclusion criteria and different quality assessment tools for human and animal studies respectively. The extracted data were grouped in themes per outcome measure, according to their functions in cellular processes, and synthesized in a narrative review. Finally, 107 studies were included, of which 35 used animal models (rats and mice). Resulting from the most examined processes, the evidence suggests that SUI is associated with altered extracellular matrix metabolism, estrogen receptors, oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, neurodegenerative processes, and muscle cell differentiation and contractility. Due to heterogeneity in the studies (e.g., in examined tissues), the precise contribution of the associated genes and proteins in relation to SUI pathophysiology remained unclear. Future research should focus on possible contributors to these alterations.

Research progress of single nucleotide polymorphism in stress urinary incontinence

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), as one of the manifestations of pelvic floor dysfunction diseases with high incidence, seriously affects women's physical and mental health and quality of life. The etiology and pathogenesis of SUI are complex and not yet completely clear, now believed to be involved with environmental factors, genetic factors and cross-cutting factors between the two. SUI genetic susceptibility may be related to single nucleotide polymorphism. This article reviews the current studies on SUI-related single nucleotide polymorphisms.