Is overactive bladder independently associated with anxiety?

Can Women Accurately Predict Their Voided Volumes?

IMPORTANCE

Voiding diaries can be onerous, we sought to investigate if some women can predict their voided volumes.

OBJECTIVES

The objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of estimated voided volumes and characteristics most predictive of accuracy.

STUDY DESIGN

We prospectively collected data on 101 women undergoing urodynamics for lower urinary tract symptoms and/or prolapse at a tertiary care facility. Data collection included postvoid residual volume, urodynamic diagnosis, flow time and rate, and a 1-time measurement of voided volume into a blinded uroflow. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine predictors of estimated voided volume (mL).

RESULTS

Mean age was 58.2 years (standard deviation, 12.8 years). The median estimated voided volume and actual voided volume were 240 and 215 mL, respectively. The average percent error was 15% (63% of patients being within a 30% margin of error and 32.7% being within a 20% margin of error). On linear regression analysis, smaller voids of 101 to 200 mL were associated with greater accuracy (R2 = 0.37 P = 0.001) and diagnosis of anxiety was associated with a higher voided volume percent error (P = 0.028). Logistic regression analysis revealed that for every 1 year increase in age, there was a 3% decrease in odds of predicting voiding volume within 30% (odds ratios, 0.97; P = 0.041).

CONCLUSIONS

Nearly two-thirds of women estimated their voided volume within 30% of the actual void and one-third of women could predict within 20%. This should be taken into consideration when obtaining patient history, particularly with age and diagnosis of anxiety, and may substantiate use of voiding diaries for accurate measurement in specific populations.

Cognitive components of behavioral therapy for overactive bladder: a systematic review

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS

Behavioral therapy is the first-line treatment for overactive bladder (OAB); however, the cognitive components of behavioral therapy for OAB have not been evaluated. The purposes of this systematic review were to describe the cognitive components of behavioral therapy for OAB and evaluate their effectiveness as well as to describe their rationale and origins.

METHODS

Searches were conducted on the PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane and PEDro databases. Inclusion criteria were single-arm or randomized controlled trials on OAB treatment that utilized behavioral therapy, with a description of a cognitive component of the behavioral therapy. Study participants were neurologically intact adults (n = 1169). Study methodological quality was assessed with the PEDro and Newcastle-Ottawa scales.

RESULTS

Five studies were included, published between 2009 and 2020. Methodological quality was variable. All studies reported a reduction of symptoms in participants receiving behavioral therapy. Cognitive components of behavioral therapy were not extensively described. Distraction was the most common cognitive strategy for managing urgency. The relative impact of the cognitive aspect of behavioral therapy could not be evaluated, and the cognitive aspects of behavioral therapy appear to be accepted wisdom, traceable to several key authors, that has not been subjected to scientific investigation.

CONCLUSIONS

Behavioral therapy for OAB appears useful, but its cognitive components are not well described, their relative importance has not been evaluated or ascertained, nor have they been rigorously studied.

Overactive Bladder Symptoms Negatively Affect Sleep Quality of Patients With Depression

Purpose

An established link exists between overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome and impaired sleep. However, earlier research on this subject only focused on the general population, and certain patient subgroups have not been examined adequately. Depressed patients constitute a unique population because of a possible bidirectional relationship between OAB and depression. Thus, we investigated the association between OAB symptoms and sleep quality in patients with depression.

Methods

In this prospective, cross-sectional study, we analyzed data on depression, sleep quality, and OAB symptoms from depressed patients treated at our department of adult psychiatry. Data were collected with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Holland Sleep Disorders Questionnaire, the Athens Insomnia Scale, and the OAB Module of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire.

Results

In total, 102 patients treated for depression were enrolled. Thirteen patients (12.7%) met the diagnostic threshold of OAB with the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire OAB Module. Patients with depression and concomitant OAB had significantly higher scores on the Holland Sleep Disorders Questionnaire than patients classified as nonOAB (P<0.01). OAB patients also had a higher risk of insomnia relative to non-OAB individuals (P<0.05). In addition, the relationship between OAB symptoms and sleep quality in patients with depression was independent from age and sex.

Conclusions

In our cohort composed exclusively of individuals treated for depression, OAB symptoms were present in a significant proportion of patients, and OAB negatively affected sleep quality. Therefore, we recommend that OAB symptoms should be assessed collectively in patients with depression.

Correlating Patient Anxiety with Urinary Symptoms Before and After Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate

Introduction and Objective: Preoperative anxiety has been shown to correlate with certain urinary symptoms in patients with certain types of voiding dysfunction, particularly overactive bladder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if patient-reported anxiety correlates with pathologic characteristics, voiding symptoms, and objective metrics of bladder emptying in male patients undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Patients and Methods: We began collecting patient-reported anxiety scores (generalized anxiety disorder 7-item or GAD-7) in addition to patient-reported scores of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) starting in November 2018 for men with LUTS due to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). We retrospectively evaluated the relationship between preoperative GAD-7 score with preoperative age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative urine flow metrics, preoperative postvoid residual (PVR), and preoperative symptom scores for LUTS (American Urological Association, BPH impact index [BII], and Michigan incontinence symptom index [MISI]) and ED (sexual health inventory for men and male sexual health questionnaire for ejaculatory dysfunction [MSHQ-EjD]). We then compared preoperative GAD-7 score with enucleated prostate weight, postoperative GAD-7 scores, postoperative urine flow metrics, postoperative PVR, and postoperative symptom scores for LUTS and ED. Results: We included 139 patients for analysis. The preoperative GAD-7 score positively correlated with preoperative BII scores (r_s = 0.202, p = 0.019), MISI total (r_s = 0.260, p = 0.002), and MISI bother (r_s = 0.345, p < 0.001) scores. Preoperative GAD-7 negatively correlated with preoperative MSHQ-EjD (r_s = -0.191, p = 0.031). Following HoLEP, all four of these correlations disappear. The GAD-7 score did not correlate with age, BMI, preoperative urine flow metrics, preoperative PVR, or other preoperative LUTS and ED symptom scores. In addition, preoperative GAD-7 score showed no correlation with enucleated prostate weight, postoperative urine flow metrics, postoperative PVR, and postoperative LUTS and ED symptom scores. Conclusions: Higher preoperative anxiety correlated with more severe preoperative urinary LUTS, particularly incontinence symptoms, in patients undergoing HoLEP. Following HoLEP, these symptoms improve regardless of patient anxiety level.