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Cabrera D, Wolber FM, Dittmer K, Rogers C, Ridler A, Aberdein D, Parkinson T, Chambers P, Fraser K, Roy NC, Kruger M. Glucocorticoids affect bone mineral density and bone remodelling in OVX sheep: A pilot study. Bone Rep 2018; 9:173-180. [PMID: 30480061 PMCID: PMC6249392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate the combination of ovariectomy and glucocorticoid treatment in sheep as a large animal model for osteoporosis by measuring the concentration of specific biomarkers in the blood of the sheep and measuring bone loss over five months. Aged Merino ewes were randomly allocated into four groups: control, ovariectomy (OVX), and two OVX groups receiving glucocorticoids-one group once-monthly for five months (OVXG), and the other for two months followed by no treatment for three months (OVXG2). Parameters measured were biochemical markers of bone turnover, areal bone mineral density, volumetric bone mineral density, and total and trabecular bone parameters. Ovariectomy increased the concentrations of bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen (CTx-1) and bone turnover marker serum osteocalcin (OC) concentrations in the OVX group compared to control sheep. The combination of ovariectomy and glucocorticoid treatment increased the concentrations of CTx-1 and decreased serum OC concentrations in the OVXG group compared to OVXG2. Femur and lumbar spine bone density were lower in experimentally treated groups when compared with the control group. Total and trabecular vBMD in the proximal tibia were significantly lower in the treatment groups when compared with the control group. A significant negative correlation between femoral bone density and CTx-1 was found. The results of this study suggest that the combination of OVX and glucocorticoids induces bone loss in a short period of time in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cabrera
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Frances M Wolber
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Keren Dittmer
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Chris Rogers
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Anne Ridler
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Danielle Aberdein
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Tim Parkinson
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Paul Chambers
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Marlena Kruger
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Dias IR, Camassa JA, Bordelo JA, Babo PS, Viegas CA, Dourado N, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Preclinical and Translational Studies in Small Ruminants (Sheep and Goat) as Models for Osteoporosis Research. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16:182-197. [PMID: 29460175 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes research on the use of sheep and goats as large animal models of human osteoporosis for preclinical and translational studies. RECENT FINDINGS The most frequent osteoporotic sheep model used is the ovariectomized sheep with 12 months post-operatively or more and the combined treatment of ovariectomized sheep associated to calcium/vitamin D-deficient diet and glucocorticoid applications for 6 months, but other methods are also described, like pinealectomy or hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection in ovariectomized sheep. The goat model for osteoporosis research has been used in a very limited number of studies in osteoporosis research relative to sheep. These osteoporotic small ruminant models are applied for biomaterial research, bone augmentation, efficacy of implant fixation, fragility fracture-healing process improvement, or bone-defect repair studies in the osteopenic or osteoporotic bone. Sheep are a recognized large animal model for preclinical and translational studies in osteoporosis research and the goat to a lesser extent. Recently, the pathophysiological mechanism underlying induction of osteoporosis in glucocorticoid-treated ovariectomized aged sheep was clarified, being similar to what occurs in postmenopausal women with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. It was also concluded that the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand was stimulated in the late progressive phase of the osteoporosis induced by steroids in sheep. The knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels of the induction of osteoporosis in small ruminants, if identical to humans, will allow in the future, the use of these animal models with greater confidence in the preclinical and translational studies for osteoporosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
| | - José A Camassa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João A Bordelo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro S Babo
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dourado
- CMEMS-UMinho, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4804-533, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
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El Khassawna T, Merboth F, Malhan D, Böcker W, Daghma DE, Stoetzel S, Kern S, Hassan F, Rosenbaum D, Langenstein J, Bauer N, Schlagenhauf A, Rösen-Wolff A, Schulze F, Rupp M, Hose D, Secklinger A, Ignatius A, Wilke HJ, Lips KS, Heiss C. Osteocyte Regulation of Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand/Osteoprotegerin in a Sheep Model of Osteoporosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1686-1699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Schulz MC, Kowald J, Estenfelder S, Jung R, Kuhlisch E, Eckelt U, Mai R, Hofbauer LC, Stroszczynski C, Stadlinger B. Site-Specific Variations in Bone Mineral Density under Systemic Conditions Inducing Osteoporosis in Minipigs. Front Physiol 2017; 8:426. [PMID: 28676766 PMCID: PMC5476774 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease with an increasing prevalence in the elderly population. There is conflicting opinion about whether osteoporosis affects the alveolar bone of the jaws and whether it poses a risk to the osseointegration of dental implants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of systemic glucocorticoid administration on the jaw bone density of minipigs. Thirty-seven adult female minipigs were randomly divided into two groups. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was used to assess bone mineral density BMD of the lumbar spine as well as the mandible and maxilla, and blood was drawn. One group of minipigs initially received 1.0 mg prednisolone per kg body weight daily for 2 months. The dose was tapered to 0.5 mg per kg body weight per day thereafter. The animals in the other group served as controls and received placebo. QCT and blood analysis were repeated after 6 and 9 months. BMD was compared between the two groups by measuring Hounsfield units, and serum levels of several bone metabolic markers were also assessed. A decrease in BMD was observed in the jaws from baseline to 9 months. This was more pronounced in the prednisolone group. Statistically significant differences were reached for the mandible (p < 0.001) and the maxilla (p < 0.001). The administration of glucocorticoids reduced the BMD in the jaws of minipigs. The described model shows promise in the evaluation of osseointegration of dental implants in bone that is compromised by osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Schulz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus," Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Jan Kowald
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus," Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus," Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Sven Estenfelder
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus," Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University of UlmUlm, Germany
| | - Roland Jung
- Experimental Center, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus," Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Eberhard Kuhlisch
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus," Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Eckelt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus," Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Ronald Mai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus," Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus," Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Stadlinger
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, University Hospital ZurichZurich, Switzerland
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Voss P, Ludwig U, Poxleitner P, Bergmaier V, El-Shafi N, von Elverfeldt D, Stadelmann V, Hövener JB, Flügge T. Evaluation of BP-ONJ in osteopenic and healthy sheep: comparing ZTE-MRI with µCT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2016; 45:20150250. [PMID: 26846710 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20150250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BP-ONJ) is a side effect of antiresorptive treatment that is increasingly prescribed for patients with osteoporosis or malignant diseases with bone metastases. Surgical treatment of BP-ONJ requires adequate pre-operative imaging. To date, CT is the imaging standard in clinical routine; however, defining the extent of the pathological area is difficult and soft tissues are poorly displayed. MRI with zero echo time (ZTE-MRI) to display hard tissues enables a precise display of calcified structures and soft tissues for the delineation of bone necrosis and soft-tissue reactions. METHODS BP-ONJ was induced in eight sheep by extraction of two premolars in the left mandible and zoledronate (ZOL) administration. Eight sheep without ZOL administration served as the control group. Four sheep of each main group underwent osteopenia induction via ovariectomy, glucocorticoid administration and a calcium-free diet. After sacrifice, the area of tooth extraction was harvested and scanned with micro-CT (µCT) and ZTE-MRI. Two trained dentists analyzed digital imaging and communications in medicine data sets using three-dimensional imaging software. The periosteal reaction and the remaining extraction sockets were measured. RESULTS BP-ONJ was evident, and the remaining extraction sockets were observed in all animals treated with ZOL. Periosteal reactions were more pronounced in animals treated with ZOL, and they appeared broader in ZTE-MRI. CONCLUSIONS BP-ONJ lesions in the sheep mandible can be detected using µCT and ZTE-MRI. Although illustration of sequester was more consistent using the µCT, ZTE-MRI was advantageous in evaluation of periosteal reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pit Voss
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Ludwig
- 2 Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Poxleitner
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,3 AO Research Institute, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Bergmaier
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nora El-Shafi
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik von Elverfeldt
- 2 Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- 2 Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tabea Flügge
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Ren H, Liang D, Jiang X, Tang J, Cui J, Wei Q, Zhang S, Yao Z, Shen G, Lin S. Variance of spinal osteoporosis induced by dexamethasone and methylprednisolone and its associated mechanism. Steroids 2015. [PMID: 26216207 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid (GC) administration is the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis. Previous studies investigated GCs dose and frequency correlated positively with the side effects of glucocorticoid on bone health, however the impaired effect of various types of GCs on bone has not yet been reported. PURPOSE The aim is to compare the effect of long-acting (dexamethasone) and relatively short-acting glucocorticoid (methylprednisolone) on rat lumbar spine and try to explore the associated mechanism. METHOD Sprague Dawley rats (N=48) were randomly divided into four groups: baseline group (BL), control group (CON), methylprednisolone group (MP) and dexamethasone group (DEXA). BL rats were euthanized to remain as baseline (M0) at the beginning of experiment. CON group were injected daily with vehicle, while the other groups were given a daily subcutaneous injection of 1mg/kg methylprednisolone and were given a subcutaneous injection of 0.6mg/kg dexamethasone per 3days, respectively. CON, MP and DEXA groups were monitored at 4th week (M1), 8th week (M2) and 12th week (M3) after intervention. Dual-energy X-ray, micro-computed tomography, compressive test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay have been used for bone mineral density, microarchitecture, biomechanical property of vertebrae and levels of estrogen, PINP and β-CTX, respectively. mRNA expression analysis of Biglycan, Col1a1, MMP9, Cathepsin K, Runx2, OPG, LRP5, Sclerostin were performed. RESULT We found that the bone mineral density (BMD) was significantly lower in DEXA rats at M3 compared with MP rats. The relative surface and trabecular number were significantly lower in DEXA group than that in MP group at M2, while trabecular separation was significantly higher in DEXA group than that in MP group at the same point. The compressive strength was significantly lower in L4 of DEXA than that in MP rats at M2 and M3. The levels of both PINP and estradiol in DEXA group were lower than MP group at M3, even though without statistical significance. The expression of bone formation marker Runx2 was significantly down-regulated at M3 in DEXA group compared with MP, CON and BL groups, while the expression of Col1a1 was significantly up-regulated and biglycan, LRP-5, OPG were significantly down-regulated in GCs intervention groups compared with CON and BL groups. There were no statistical differences in MMP9, Cathepsin K, Sclerostin among CON, MP and DEXA groups. CONCLUSION These results indicate that dexamethasone, the long-acting glucocorticoid, generates more serious osteoporosis of rat lumbar spine than methylprednisolone, which is relatively short-acting glucocorticoid. The discrepancy between the two GCs inducing osteoporosis may be mainly caused by a decrease in bone formation. RUNX2 and Col1a1 may be the two of critical genes inducing the discrepant impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ren
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - De Liang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Laboratory Affiliated to National Key Discipline of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Laboratory Affiliated to National Key Discipline of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Jingjing Tang
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jianchao Cui
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Laboratory Affiliated to National Key Discipline of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Postdoctoral Programme, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of Chinese PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Shuncong Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhensong Yao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Gengyang Shen
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shunxin Lin
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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Andreasen CM, Ding M, Overgaard S, Bollen P, Andersen TL. A reversal phase arrest uncoupling the bone formation and resorption contributes to the bone loss in glucocorticoid treated ovariectomised aged sheep. Bone 2015; 75:32-9. [PMID: 25689083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Large animals as sheep are often used as models for human osteoporosis. Our aim was therefore to determine how glucocorticoid treatment of ovariectomised sheep affects the cancellous bone, determining the cellular events within the bone remodelling process that contributes to their bone loss. Twenty female sheep were assigned for two groups; an untreated control group and an ovariectomised group treated with glucocorticoids (0.6 mg/kg/day, 5 times weekly) for 7 months. At 7 months the glucocorticoid-treated ovariectomised sheep showed a significant change in the bone microstructure revealed by a decreased trabecular bone volume and thickness compared to the control sheep. The treatment led to a temporary elevation of the bone resorption marker CTX (c-terminal collagen telopeptide), while the bone formation marker osteocalcin remained suppressed all 7 months. Histomorphometrically, the treated sheep had a complete absence of osteoid surfaces, and a 5-fold increase in the extent of eroded/reversal surfaces after 7 months. Most of these reversal surfaces were actually arrested reversal surfaces, defined as reversal surfaces without the presence of neighbouring osteoid surfaces or osteoclasts, which is classically observed next to active reversal surfaces. As in humans, these arrested reversal surfaces had compared to active reversal surfaces a reduced canopy coverage, a significantly decreased cell density, and a decreased immunoreactivity for the osteoblastic markers osterix, runx2 and smooth muscle actin in the mononuclear reversal cells colonising the surfaces. In conclusion, glucocorticoid treatment of ovariectomised sheep induced a significant bone loss, caused by an arrest of the reversal phase, resulting in an uncoupling of the bone formation and resorption during the reversal phase, as recently demonstrated in postmenopausal women with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. This supports the relevance of the sheep model to the pathophysiology of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, making it a relevant preclinical model for orthopaedic implant and biomaterial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Andreasen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology O, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsloewsvej 15 ground floor, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Ming Ding
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology O, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsloewsvej 15 ground floor, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Søren Overgaard
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology O, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsloewsvej 15 ground floor, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Peter Bollen
- Biomedical Laboratory, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsloewsvej 23, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Thomas L Andersen
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology (KCB), Vejle Hospital - Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Kabbeltoft 25, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark.
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Voss PJ, Stoddart MJ, Bernstein A, Schmelzeisen R, Nelson K, Stadelmann V, Ziebart T, Poxleitner PJ. Zoledronate induces bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in osteopenic sheep. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:31-8. [PMID: 25843053 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BP-ONJ) occurs in 1 % of patients with medication-induced osteoporosis treated with bisphosphonates. Sheep are an established large animal model for investigating osteoporotic skeletal changes. Zoledronate significantly reduces tissue mineral variability in ovariectomized sheep. The aim of this study was to analyze bone healing after tooth extraction in sheep with induced osteopenia and zoledronate administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight adult ewes were randomly divided into two groups of four animals. All sheep underwent ovariectomy and a low-calcium diet. Dexamethasone was administered weekly for 16 weeks. Zoledronate was then given every third week for a further 16 weeks in four sheep; these infusions were repeated after extraction of two lower premolars. Four sheep without zoledronate administrations served as controls. RESULTS Due to general health conditions, two sheep of the zoledronate group had to be excluded before surgery. The remaining two sheep of this group developed BP-ONJ lesions at the extraction site and various other sites in both jaws. Control group animals showed uneventful wound healing. Histology of the alveolar processes as well as lumbar spine revealed larger portions of old bone and smaller portions of new bone in the zoledronate group. CONCLUSIONS This animal study showed uneventful wound healing after tooth extraction in osteopenic sheep whereas zoledronate treatment leads to development of BP-ONJ-like lesions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE As bisphosphonate administration is a standard treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, this model can be used for further research in pathogenesis and management of bisphosphonate-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pit J Voss
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martin J Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstr. 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland.
| | - Anke Bernstein
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Rainer Schmelzeisen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Katja Nelson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Vincent Stadelmann
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstr. 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Ziebart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Philipp J Poxleitner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstr. 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland.
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9
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Barngkgei I, Al Haffar I, Khattab R. Osteoporosis prediction from the mandible using cone-beam computed tomography. Imaging Sci Dent 2014; 44:263-71. [PMID: 25473633 PMCID: PMC4245467 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2014.44.4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the use of dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the diagnosis of osteoporosis among menopausal and postmenopausal women by using only a CBCT viewer program. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-eight menopausal and postmenopausal women who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examination for hip and lumbar vertebrae were scanned using CBCT (field of view: 13 cm×15 cm; voxel size: 0.25 mm). Slices from the body of the mandible as well as the ramus were selected and some CBCT-derived variables, such as radiographic density (RD) as gray values, were calculated as gray values. Pearson's correlation, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) evaluation based on linear and logistic regression were performed to choose the variable that best correlated with the lumbar and femoral neck T-scores. RESULTS RD of the whole bone area of the mandible was the variable that best correlated with and predicted both the femoral neck and the lumbar vertebrae T-scores; further, Pearson's correlation coefficients were 0.5/0.6 (p value=0.037/0.009). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy based on the logistic regression were 50%, 88.9%, and 78.4%, respectively, for the femoral neck, and 46.2%, 91.3%, and 75%, respectively, for the lumbar vertebrae. CONCLUSION Lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck osteoporosis can be predicted with high accuracy from the RD value of the body of the mandible by using a CBCT viewer program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Barngkgei
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Iyad Al Haffar
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Razan Khattab
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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10
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The variation of cancellous bones at lumbar vertebra, femoral neck, mandibular angle and rib in ovariectomized sheep. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:663-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Oheim R, Beil FT, Krause M, Bindl R, Ignatius A, Pogoda P. Mandibular bone loss in ewe induced by hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 25:1239-1244. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - F. Timo Beil
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Matthias Krause
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Ronny Bindl
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Pia Pogoda
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
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Zarrinkalam MR, Schultz CG, Ardern DW, Vernon-Roberts B, Moore RJ. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-type 2 (rhBMP-2) enhances local bone formation in the lumbar spine of osteoporotic sheep. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1390-7. [PMID: 23737220 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The failure of orthopedic implants in osteoporotic patients is attributed to the lack of sufficient bone stock and regenerative capacity but most treatments for osteoporosis fail to address this issue. rhBMP-2 is known to promote bone formation under normal conditions but has not been used clinically in the osteoporotic condition. Osteoporosis was induced in 19 ewes using ovariectomy, low calcium diet, and steroid injection. After induction, the steroid was withdrawn and pellets containing inert carrier with rhBMP-2 in either slow or fast-release formulation were implanted into the lumbar vertebrae of each animal. After 2, 3, and 6 months the spines were harvested and assessed for changes in BMD and histomorphometric indices. BMD did not change after cessation of steroid treatment. After 2 months BV/TV increased in the vicinity of the pellets containing the fast-release rhBMP-2 and was sustained for the duration of the study. Focal voids surrounding all implants, particularly the slow-release formulation, were observed initially but resolved with time. Increased BV/TV adjacent to rhBMP-2 pellets suggests it could be used for localized treatment of osteoporosis. Refinement of the delivery system and supplementary treatments may be necessary to overcome the initial catabolic effects of rhBMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zarrinkalam
- The Adelaide Centre for Spinal Research, Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
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Rosa FB, Galiza GJ, Lucena RB, Silva TM, Caprioli RA, Barros CS, Fighera RA, Kommers GD. Osteoporose em caprinos. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013000400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Foi realizado um estudo de casos de osteoporose em caprinos provenientes de uma propriedade na área de abrangência do LPV-UFSM, determinando a epidemiologia, o quadro clínico-patológico e discutindo os prováveis mecanismos patogenéticos. Cinco cabras, fêmeas, SRD, de seis meses a seis anos de idade foram afetadas. As cabras eram mantidas em campo nativo, sem suplementação com ração e sob superlotação. Os principais sinais clínicos foram emagrecimento, dificuldade de locomoção e permanência em decúbito por longos períodos. As principais alterações macroscópicas nos ossos examinados foram vistas nas superfícies de corte e caracterizavam-se por depleção do osso esponjoso (porosidade) e redução acentuada da espessura do osso cortical. Havia também marcada atrofia serosa da gordura da medula óssea. Microscopicamente, nas regiões avaliadas (úmero proximal, rádio distal, fêmur distal, tíbia proximal e corpos das vértebras lombares) foi observada redução moderada a acentuada do número e da espessura das trabéculas ósseas nas epífises e metáfises dos ossos longos e nos corpos vertebrais. Os achados clínico-patológicos indicaram que a osteoporose observada provavelmente foi causada pela desnutrição. As alterações ósseas (diminuição no número e na espessura das trabéculas do osso esponjoso) sugerem que ambos os mecanismos, má formação óssea e reabsorção óssea aumentada, contribuíram para a ocorrência de osteoporose nos caprinos deste estudo.
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Almagro MI, Roman-Blas JA, Bellido M, Castañeda S, Cortez R, Herrero-Beaumont G. PTH [1-34] enhances bone response around titanium implants in a rabbit model of osteoporosis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 24:1027-34. [PMID: 22626278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental implant osseointegration can be impaired in medical conditions with low bone mass, such as glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Intermittent human parathyroid hormone (PTH) [1-34] administration has shown relevant anabolic bone activity in various animal models of osteoporosis. Therefore, we studied the effects of intermittent PTH [1-34] on bone response around titanium implants in experimental osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy and glucocorticoid administration. METHODS Titanium dental implants were placed in the proximal tibia metaphysis in 38 animals. Twenty-eight rabbits had undergone bilateral ovariectomy and further methylprednisolone administration for 4 weeks to induce osteoporosis. Ten healthy rabbits were used as controls. At week 8, osteoporotic rabbits started saline vehicle or intermittent PTH administration for 12 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed in peri-implant area, lumbar spine, and global and subchondral knee bone at baseline, and weeks 6 and 20. Animal sacrifice was carried out at week 21. Afterward, tibiae were removed for μCT morphometry and undecalcified sections were evaluated by light and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS PTH increased bone-to-implant contact compared with control rabbits or vehicle administration in osteoporotic rabbits (P < 0.005). PTH-induced new bone formation around external and internal surfaces of titanium implants led to a significant increase of BMD at peri-implant area in osteoporotic rabbits at week 20, when compared with vehicle (P < 0.005). Likewise, PTH increased BMD in other analysed regions. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent administration of PTH [1-34] enhances the bone response around titanium implants in a rabbit model of ovariectomy and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabel Almagro
- Department of Dentistry, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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Zarrinkalam MR, Mulaibrahimovic A, Atkins GJ, Moore RJ. Changes in osteocyte density correspond with changes in osteoblast and osteoclast activity in an osteoporotic sheep model. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:1329-36. [PMID: 21626447 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Histomorphometric assessment of trabecular bone in osteoporotic sheep showed that bone volume, osteoid surface area, bone formation rate, and osteocyte density were reduced. In contrast, eroded surface area and empty lacunae density were increased. Changes in osteocyte density correlated with changes in osteoblast and osteoclast activity. INTRODUCTION Osteocytes contribute to the regulation of the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts that together control bone mass. Osteocytes therefore likely play a role in the loss of bone mass associated with osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between osteocyte lacunar density and other bone histomorphometric parameters in the iliac crest (IC) and lumbar spine (LS) of osteoporotic sheep. METHODS Osteoporosis was induced in ten mature ewes by an established protocol involving a combination of ovariectomy, dexamethasone injection, and low calcium diet for 6 months. Five ewes were used as controls. Post-mortem IC and LS biopsies were collected and processed for further histomorphometric assessment. RESULTS Bone volume, osteoid surface, and bone formation rate in the IC and LS of osteoporotic sheep were reduced compared to those of the controls. In contrast, eroded surface area was increased in osteoporotic sheep. In the osteoporotic group, osteocyte density was reduced in the LS region and to a greater extent in the IC region. The empty osteocyte lacunae were increased 1.7-fold in LS and 2.1-fold in IC in the osteoporotic group. The osteocyte density correlated positively with markers of osteoblast activity and negatively with those of osteoclast activity. CONCLUSIONS Depletion of osteocytes and an increase in the empty lacunae could be important factors contributing to bone loss in this model since they may adversely affect intercellular communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The regional differences in histology suggest that there may be different pathological mechanisms operating at different anatomical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Zarrinkalam
- The Adelaide Centre for Spinal Research, SA Pathology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science (IMVS), Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Bouvard B, Gallois Y, Legrand E, Audran M, Chappard D. Glucocorticoids reduce alveolar and trabecular bone in mice. Joint Bone Spine 2012; 80:77-81. [PMID: 22366143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glucocorticoid (GC) treatment is the main cause of secondary osteoporosis. There are some controversies about the relationships between alveolar bone loss and bone loss at the appendicular and axial skeleton. OBJECTIVE To assess, in parallel, the effects of GCs on alveolar bone and on the tibia in a mice model. METHODS Five-month-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomized into two groups. Pellets releasing 5 mg/kg/day of prednisolone or control pellets were subcutaneously implanted for 28 days. After euthanasia, the right tibia and the right hemimandible of each mouse were analyzed by histomorphometry and microcomputed tomography. Alveolar bone consists of a thin slab between the incisor and the molar roots connected with the alveolar processes. A 2D-frontal section was done through the pulp chamber of the first molar and was used to measure the thickness of the alveolar bone slab. A 2D-sagittal section was done through the pulp chamber of the three molars and was used to measure bone volume in the alveolar processes. RESULTS At day 28, thickness and bone volume of alveolar bone were significantly decreased in the GC group (P<0.05). At the tibia, GCs decreased bone formation with a reduced mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate and a significant decrease in BV/TV and Tb.Th (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Although the amount of alveolar bone is very low in the mouse, this study shows that GCs can induce an alveolar bone loss in long-term treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Bouvard
- Inserm, U922, LHEA, IRIS-IBM, institut de biologie en santé, CHU d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers cedex, France.
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Osteoporotic characteristics persist in the spine of ovariectomized sheep after withdrawal of corticosteroid administration. J Osteoporos 2012; 2012:182509. [PMID: 23091772 PMCID: PMC3468144 DOI: 10.1155/2012/182509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A validated ovine model of osteoporosis achieves severe bone loss in a relatively short period. This study investigated if osteoporotic features persist in this model after cessation of corticosteroid administration. Methods. Osteoporosis was induced in nine ewes by chronic corticosteroid injection, ovariectomy, and low calcium diet. Six ewes were used as controls. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (LS) and body weight were assessed at regular intervals. After five months, corticosteroid treatment was withdrawn systematically over one month. Three months later, all animals were euthanised, and the LS was collected for histomorphometric analysis. Results. BMD in the LS of osteoporotic sheep was 25% lower than control sheep. Body weight of osteoporotic sheep was reduced in the first month of the corticosteroid withdrawal period but returned to baseline level thereafter. Trabecular bone volume of LS in osteoporotic sheep was 27% lower than controls and showed a heterogeneous structure. Conclusions. Osteoporotic characteristics remain in the vertebra after ceasing corticosteroid administration providing an opportunity to evaluate potential systemic or local treatments in vivo under realistic physiological conditions. The microstructural arrangement of vertebral trabecular bone in sheep is similar to humans demonstrating further relevance of this model for preclinical investigations.
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