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Rubæk M, Broholm-Jørgensen M, Andersen S, Jakobsen PR, Rothmann MJ, Langdahl B, Hitz MF, Holmberg T. Development of a program theory for osteoporosis patient education in Denmark: a qualitative study based on realist evaluation. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:346. [PMID: 38627654 PMCID: PMC11022455 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis patient education is offered in many countries worldwide. When evaluating complex interventions like these, it is important to understand how and why the intervention leads to effects. This study aimed to develop a program theory of osteoporosis patient education in Danish municipalities with a focus on examining the mechanisms of change i.e. what is about the programs that generate change. METHODS The program theory was developed in an iterative process. The initial draft was based on a previous published systematic review, and subsequently the draft was continually refined based on findings from observations (10 h during osteoporosis patient education) and interviews (individual interviews with six employees in municipalities and three health professionals at hospitals, as well as four focus group interviews with participants in patient education (in total 27 informants)). The transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis and with inspiration from realist evaluation the mechanisms as well as the contextual factors and outcomes were examined. RESULTS Based on this qualitative study we developed a program theory of osteoporosis patient education and identified four mechanisms: motivation, recognizability, reassurance, and peer reflection. For each mechanism we examined how contextual factors activated the mechanism as well as which outcomes were achieved. For instance, the participants' motivation is activated when they meet in groups, and thereafter outcomes such as more physical activity may be achieved. Recognizability is activated by the participants' course of disease, which may lead to better ergonomic habits. Reassurance may result in more physical activity, and this mechanism is activated in newly diagnosed participants without previous fractures. Peer reflection is activated when the participants meet in groups, and the outcome healthier diet may be achieved. CONCLUSIONS We developed a program theory and examined how and why osteoporosis patient education is likely to be effective. Understanding these prerequisites is important for future implementation and evaluation of osteoporosis patient education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Rubæk
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Research Center for Bone Health, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | | | - Susan Andersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Ravn Jakobsen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Juel Rothmann
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bente Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Friberg Hitz
- National Research Center for Bone Health, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
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2
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Najafi S, Mohammadkhah F, Ebrahimi MM, Harsini PA, Khani Jeihooni A. Effect of educational intervention on preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:505-513. [PMID: 37938406 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06962-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
In the experimental group, the average scores of knowledge, constructs of theory of planned behavior, nutrition, and walking had a significant enhancement compared to the control group after the educational intervention. After the intervention, the value of the lumbar spine bone mineral density T-score in the experimental group increased, while in the control group, it decreased. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a global public health problem currently affecting millions of people worldwide and in Iran. This study was conducted to assess the effect of an educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. METHODS This quasi-experimental study was performed on 160 women aging over 50 who were referred to health centers in Fasa City, Iran, in 2019. A simple random sampling method was applied to assign the participants into control and intervention groups (80 participants for each group). Data were gathered by questionnaires arranged based on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior, nutrition performance, and walking performance. The educational intervention included seven 50-minute educational sessions. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software and Chi-square test, independent T-test, and paired T-test, and the significance level was considered 0.05. RESULTS The mean ages of the studied participants in the experimental and control groups were 59.18 ± 6.56 and 57.92 ± 5.70, respectively. In the experimental group, the average scores of knowledge, constructs of the theory of planned behavior, nutrition performance, and walking performance had a significant enhancement compared to the control group one year after the intervention (p < 0.001). At 12 months after the intervention, the value of the lumbar spine bone mineral density T-score in the experimental group increased, while in the control group, it reduced (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The theory of planned behavior affected nutrition and walking performance in osteoporosis prevention of subjects. This theory can be used as a framework for designing and performing educational interventions for preventing osteoporosis and promoting women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Najafi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - F Mohammadkhah
- Department of Community Health, Child Nursing and Aging, Ramsar School of Nursing, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - M M Ebrahimi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - P A Harsini
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - A Khani Jeihooni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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3
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Huang IC, Wu HC, Lin CL, Wang HH. Development and Validation of the Osteoporosis Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviors Questionnaire for Female Osteoporosis Patients in Taiwan: A Mediation Model. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11071023. [PMID: 37046950 PMCID: PMC10094534 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This research develops the Osteoporosis Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviors Questionnaire (OKABQ) with the intent to evaluate the levels of osteoporosis knowledge, attitude and behavior change by developing and validating the OKABQ while establishing a mediation model of the research. A quantitative, descriptive and instrumental study was conducted in two phases: Phase I—development of the scale through Delphi Method by osteoporosis experts; and Phase II—evaluation of the validity and reliability of the scale and construction of a mediation model using SmartPLS. In Phase I, the content validity index (CVI) of the questionnaire was higher than 0.96 and the inter-rater reliability (IRR) kappa was 1.00. In Phase II, exploratory factor analysis showed that two predominating factors of attitude as a mediation were addressed by the 26-item OKABQ. The indirect effect results from the estimated model indicate that attitude mediates the relationship between knowledge and behaviors (β = 0.114, t = 2.627, p < 0.001), which is positive and statistically significant. We concluded that the OKABQ is a valid measure of osteoporosis knowledge, attitudes and behaviors for women with osteoporosis. These assessment results could assist healthcare providers in mitigating insufficiency in health education and help patients better adapt to a more active bone-healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chin Huang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Wu
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hung Wang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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4
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Spångeus A, Willerton C, Enthoven P, Grahn Kronhed AC. Patient Education Improves Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Established Spinal Osteoporosis in Primary Care-A Pilot Study of Short- and Long-Term Effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4933. [PMID: 36981842 PMCID: PMC10049553 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fragility fractures, in particular vertebral fractures, are associated with high morbidity, including chronic pain and reduced health-related quality of life. We aimed to investigate the short- and long-term effects of patient education, including interdisciplinary themes, with or without physical training or mindfulness/medical yoga for patients with established spinal osteoporosis in primary care. Osteoporotic persons aged sixty years or older with one or more vertebral fractures were randomized to theory only, theory and physical exercise, or theory and mindfulness/medical yoga and were scheduled to once a week for ten weeks. Participants were followed up by clinical tests and questionnaires. Twenty-one participants completed the interventions and the one-year follow-up. Adherence to interventions was 90%. Pooled data from all participants showed significant improvements after intervention on pain during the last week and worst pain, and reduced painkiller use (any painkillers at baseline 70% [opioids 25%] vs. post-intervention 52% [opioids 14%]). Significant improvements were seen regarding RAND-36 social function, Qualeffo-41 social function, balance, tandem walking backwards, and theoretical knowledge. These changes were maintained at the 1-year follow-up. Patient group education combined with supervised training seems to have positive effects on pain, and physical function in persons with established spinal osteoporosis. The improved quality of life was maintained at the 1-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Spångeus
- Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Linköping University Hospital, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Catrin Willerton
- Rehab Väst, Local Health Care Services in the West of Region Östergötland, 592 32 Vadstena, Sweden
| | - Paul Enthoven
- Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Grahn Kronhed
- Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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5
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Talevski J, Gianoudis J, Bailey CA, Ebeling PR, Nowson CA, Hill KD, Sanders KM, Daly RM. Effects of an 18-month community-based, multifaceted, exercise program on patient-reported outcomes in older adults at risk of fracture: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:891-900. [PMID: 36862193 PMCID: PMC10104917 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study identified that an 18-month community-based, multifaceted, exercise program consisting of resistance, weight-bearing impact, and balance/mobility training combined with osteoporosis education and behavioural support can improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and osteoporosis knowledge in older adults at risk of fracture, but only for those adherent to the exercise regime. PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of an 18-month community-based exercise, osteoporosis education and behaviour change program (Osteo-cise: Strong Bones for Life) on HRQoL, osteoporosis knowledge and osteoporosis health beliefs. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of an 18-month randomised controlled trial in which 162 older adults aged ≥ 60 years with osteopenia or increased falls/fracture risk were randomized to the Osteo-cise program (n = 81) or control group (n = 81). The program consisted of progressive resistance, weight-bearing impact and balance training (3 days/week); osteoporosis education to facilitate self-management of musculoskeletal health and behavioural support to enhance adherence to exercise. HRQoL, osteoporosis knowledge and osteoporosis health beliefs were assessed using the EuroQoL questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L), Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool and Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale, respectively. RESULTS Overall, 148 participants (91%) completed the trial. Mean exercise adherence was 55% and mean attendance for the three osteoporosis educational sessions ranged from 63-82%. After 12 and 18 months, there were no significant effects of the Osteo-cise program on HRQoL, osteoporosis knowledge or health beliefs relative to controls. Per protocol analyses (≥ 66% exercise adherence; n = 41) revealed a significant net benefit in EQ-5D-3L utility for the Osteo-cise group relative to controls after 12 months (P = 0.024) and 18 months (P = 0.029) and a significant net improvement in osteoporosis knowledge scores at 18 months (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION This study supports the importance of adherence to exercise regimes, as adherence to the Osteo-cise: Strong Bones for Life program was associated with improvements in HRQoL and osteoporosis knowledge in older adults at increased risk for falls and fractures. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12609000100291.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Talevski
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jenny Gianoudis
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Christine A Bailey
- Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caryl A Nowson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Keith D Hill
- Rehabilitation, Ageing, and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kerrie M Sanders
- Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
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6
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Mohammadi A, Behboodi Moghadam Z, Ghelichkhani F, Alidost F, Naghizadeh S, Haghparast Z, Azizi M. Prevention of osteoporosis in menopausal women: A systematic review of nonpharmacological clinical trials. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:287. [PMID: 36438990 PMCID: PMC9683465 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1253_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that is associated with negative physical and psychosocial consequences, so understanding the effective strategies that can be used in the prevention of osteoporosis is especially important. The aim of this study was to integrative review the published interventional of nonpharmacological studies regarding the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis among menopausal women. In this systematic review, databases such as PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, ScienceDirect, EmBase, Cochrane library, Google scholar, and Iranian databases, such as Scientific Information Database and Magiran, were searched. The latest search was performed between "November 2020 and December 2020" separately by two researchers and then double-checked by them. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Jadad score calculation tool. Twenty eight randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were included in this current study. The quality assessment indicated that 19 studies had acceptable (good) methodological quality and also 9 studies had weak methodological quality. The main results of this study were classified in three main categories such as exercise or physical activity training (n = 15), educational sessions (n = 11), and other interventions (n = 2). The results of most included studies showed that nonpharmacological strategies such as physical activity and educational interventions are considered as the appropriate actions to prevention of osteoporosis among menopausal women so implementing these strategies can be a good alternative for women with contraindication of hormone therapy or therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Mohammadi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Behboodi Moghadam
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghelichkhani
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzane Alidost
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Naghizadeh
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Haghparast
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Azizi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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The effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior on behavioral responses of premenopausal women in prevention of osteoporosis. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:366. [PMID: 36068550 PMCID: PMC9446541 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent bone diseases which is preventable. Implementing educational programs is an important step in prevention of chronic diseases in the community setting. One of the theories used for predicting behavior and performing educational intervention is theory of planned behavior (TPB) which predicts the intention of an individual toward doing a specific behavior. This study was conducted to assess the effect of educational intervention based on TPB on behavioral responses of premenopausal women in prevention from osteoporosis in Fasa city, Iran.
Methods
This study is a quasi-experimental study performed on 200 women aging from 35 and 55 years who referred to health centers in Fasa city; iran in 2019. Simple random sampling was applied to assign participants to control and intervention groups (100 participant for each group). Data were gathered by a "valid" and "reliable" questionnaire arranged based on the constructs of TPB, nutrition performance and physical activity. An educational program on osteoporosis prevention was conducted. educational intervention was performed in six sessions through group discussions and educational films and booklet for experimental group and then the changes in the scores of the two groups were evaluated and compared. Obtained data were analyzed by SPSS-22 software through Chi-square, independent t-test, paired t-test and ANOVA tests.
Results
The mean ages of studied participants in experimental and control groups were respectively 43.39 $$\pm$$
±
5.20 and 42.94 $$\pm$$
±
5.52. In experimental group, the average scores of knowledge [2 weeks (31.12 $$\pm$$
±
4.20) and 2 months (39.04 $$\pm$$
±
4.10) after educational intervention (p < 0.001)], constructs of theory of planned behavior [attitude construct: 2 weeks (89.32 $$\pm$$
±
9.22) and 2 months (98.57 $$\pm$$
±
9.13) after educational intervention (p < 0.001), Subjective norms construct: 2 weeks(88.39 $$\pm$$
±
8.84) and 2 months (122.57 $$\pm$$
±
8.58) after educational intervention (p < 0.001), Perceived behavioral control construct: 2 weeks (88.56 $$\pm$$
±
8.38) and 2 months (120.15 $$\pm$$
±
8.33) after educational intervention (p < 0.001), Behavioral intention construct: 2 weeks (54.44 ± 4.72) and 2 months (60.26 $$\pm$$
±
4.12) after educational intervention (p < 0.001)], nutrition performance [2 weeks (19.88 ± 2.56) and 2 months (24.14 $$\pm$$
±
2.36) after educational intervention (p < 0.001)] and physical activity [2 weeks (16.75 $$\pm$$
±
1.42) and 2 months (18.94 $$\pm$$
±
1.68) after educational intervention (p < 0.001)] had more significant enhancement than control group 2 weeks and 2 months after educational intervention.
Discussion
TPB was effected in nutrition performance and physical activity in osteoporosis prevention of subjects. This theory can be used as a framework for designing and performing educational intervention for preventing osteoporosis and promoting women’s health.
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8
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Rubæk M, Hitz MF, Holmberg T, Schønwandt BMT, Andersen S. Effectiveness of patient education for patients with osteoporosis: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:959-977. [PMID: 34773131 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this systematic review, the effects of osteoporosis patient education were examined. All studies found an effect on physical function, but for the other themes, the results were inconclusive. The findings indicate a need for further research in this topic. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a chronic disease with serious consequences for the individual and major societal costs. With the aim of fracture prevention, many countries offer osteoporosis patient education. The objectives were to examine the effects and mediators of osteoporosis patient education and describe the characteristics of studies with and without an effect. Though, none of the included studies reported mediators, and therefore, we could not examine that. METHODS Six databases were searched in October 2020. Two researchers independently conducted title and abstract screening as well as full-text review. Records were included if participants had osteoporosis, and the patient education was group-based, face-to-face, and addressed two or more aspects, e.g., diet, medication, and exercise. The Cochrane Collaboration tools were used for risk of bias assessment. Finally, data were extracted into a standardized form and presented narratively. RESULTS In total, 2934 records were identified, and 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. All six studies examining the effects of patient education on physical function demonstrated improvements. In addition, one out of two RCT studies and one non-randomized study reported improved psychological wellbeing. Just one out of five RCT studies showed improvements regarding physical discomfort and disability. Effects on health-related quality of life, adherence and persistence, and knowledge of osteoporosis were inconclusive. CONCLUSION There is limited evidence for the effectiveness of osteoporosis patient education. There is a need for high-quality randomized controlled trials, which should describe the characteristics of the interventions and examine the mechanisms of osteoporosis patient education. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020211930.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rubæk
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- National Research Center for Bone Health, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.
| | - M F Hitz
- National Research Center for Bone Health, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - T Holmberg
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B M T Schønwandt
- National Research Center for Bone Health, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - S Andersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Pinto D, Alshahrani M, Chapurlat R, Chevalley T, Dennison E, Camargos BM, Papaioannou A, Silverman S, Kaux JF, Lane NE, Morales Torres J, Paccou J, Rizzoli R, Bruyere O. The global approach to rehabilitation following an osteoporotic fragility fracture: A review of the rehabilitation working group of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) committee of scientific advisors. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:527-540. [PMID: 35048200 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a review of the current state of the evidence for rehabilitation strategies post-fragility fracture. METHODS Narrative review conducted by the Rehabilitation Working Group of the International Osteoporosis Foundation Committee of Scientific Advisors characterizing the range of rehabilitation modalities instrumental for the management of fragility fractures. RESULTS Multi-modal exercise post-fragility fracture to the spine and hip is strongly recommended to reduce pain, improve physical function, and improve quality of life. Outpatient physiotherapy post-hip fracture has a stronger evidence base than outpatient physiotherapy post-vertebral fracture. Appropriate nutritional care after fragility fracture provides a large range of improvement in morbidity and mortality. Education increases understanding of osteoporosis which in turn increases utilization of other rehabilitation services. Education may improve other health outcomes such as pain and increase a patient's ability for self-advocacy. CONCLUSION Rehabilitation interventions are inter-reliant, and research investigating the interaction of exercise, nutrition, and other multi-modal therapies may increase the relevance of rehabilitation research to clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pinto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Wisconsin, 53201, Milwaukee, USA.
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - M Alshahrani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Wisconsin, 53201, Milwaukee, USA
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R Chapurlat
- INSERM UMR 1033, Université de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - T Chevalley
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - B M Camargos
- Densitometry Diagnostic Unit - Rede Materdei de Saúde, Belo Horizonte, Mina Gerais, Brazil
| | - A Papaioannou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S Silverman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J-F Kaux
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - N E Lane
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J Morales Torres
- University of Guanajuato at León, Osteoporosis Unit, Hospital Aranda de La Parra, León, Mexico
| | - J Paccou
- Département Universitaire de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Et Universitaire, Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille, France
| | - R Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Bruyere
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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10
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Wáng YXJ, Du EZ, Gong J, Cheng X. Interpretation of osteoporotic vertebral deformity on frontal view radiographs of the chest and abdomen: a pictorial review. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:423-442. [PMID: 33392042 DOI: 10.21037/qims-2020-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) has high prevalence in the elderly population. It affects at least one-fourth of all postmenopausal women and is commonly seen among women approximately one decade after menopause. A vertebral fracture, after minor trauma, is a hallmark of osteoporosis. Many fractures and associated complications, including secondary fractures and mortality, can be prevented by routine osteoporosis screening in older people and timely treatment initiation in at-risk individuals. Depending on the technical condition of the radiographs, a substantial portion of moderate to severe grades OVFs in mid-thoracic and lower thoracic spine as well as lumbar spine can be detected on a frontal view digital radiograph of the chest or abdomen. Radiologists should pay attention to the potential existence of an OVF while reading chest and abdominal radiographs of elderly female subjects. In this pictorial review, we describe our experience in evaluating the normal shaped and deformed vertebrae on chest and abdominal radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yì Xiáng J Wáng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Er-Zhu Du
- Department of Radiology, Dongguan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Jingshan Gong
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoguang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Cornelissen D, de Kunder S, Si L, Reginster JY, Evers S, Boonen A, Hiligsmann M. Interventions to improve adherence to anti-osteoporosis medications: an updated systematic review. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:1645-1669. [PMID: 32358684 PMCID: PMC7423788 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An earlier systematic review on interventions to improve adherence and persistence was updated. Fifteen studies investigating the effectiveness of patient education, drug regimen, monitoring and supervision, and interdisciplinary collaboration as a single or multi-component intervention were appraised. Multicomponent interventions with active patient involvement were more effective. INTRODUCTION This study was conducted to update a systematic literature review on interventions to improve adherence to anti-osteoporosis medications. METHODS A systematic literature review was carried out in Medline (using PubMed), Embase (using Ovid), Cochrane Library, Current Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov , NHS Centre for Review and Dissemination, CINHAL, and PsycINFO to search for original studies that assessed interventions to improve adherence (comprising initiation, implementation, and discontinuation) and persistence to anti-osteoporosis medications among patients with osteoporosis, published between July 2012 and December 2018. Quality of included studies was assessed. RESULTS Of 585 studies initially identified, 15 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria of which 12 were randomized controlled trials. Interventions were classified as (1) patient education (n = 9), (2) drug regimen (n = 3), (3) monitoring and supervision (n = 2), and (4) interdisciplinary collaboration (n = 1). In most subtypes of interventions, mixed results on adherence (and persistence) were found. Multicomponent interventions based on patient education and counseling were the most effective interventions when aiming to increase adherence and/or persistence to osteoporosis medications. CONCLUSION This updated review suggests that patient education, monitoring and supervision, change in drug regimen, and interdisciplinary collaboration have mixed results on medication adherence and persistence, with more positive effects for multicomponent interventions with active patient involvement. Compared with the previous review, a shift towards more patient involvement, counseling and shared decision-making, was seen, suggesting that individualized solutions, based on collaboration between the patient and the healthcare provider, are needed to improve adherence and persistence to osteoporosis medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cornelissen
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Room 0.038, 6200, Maastricht, MD, Netherlands.
| | - S de Kunder
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Center for Family Medicine, Geriatric Care and Public Health, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - L Si
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - J-Y Reginster
- WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Ageing, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S Evers
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Room 0.038, 6200, Maastricht, MD, Netherlands
- Centre for economic evaluation, Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A Boonen
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Room 0.038, 6200, Maastricht, MD, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - M Hiligsmann
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Room 0.038, 6200, Maastricht, MD, Netherlands
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Sanchez-Rodriguez D, Bergmann P, Body JJ, Cavalier E, Gielen E, Goemaere S, Lapauw B, Laurent MR, Rozenberg S, Honvo G, Beaudart C, Bruyère O. The Belgian Bone Club 2020 guidelines for the management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2020; 139:69-89. [PMID: 32747044 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide updated evidence-based guidelines for the management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Belgium. METHODS The Belgian Bone Club (BBC) gathered a guideline developer group. Nine "Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome" (PICO) questions covering screening, diagnosis, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments, and monitoring were formulated. A systematic search of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus was performed to find network meta-analyses, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, guidelines, and recommendations from scientific societies published in the last 10 years. Manual searches were also performed. Summaries of evidence were provided, and recommendations were further validated by the BBC board members and other national scientific societies' experts. RESULTS Of the 3840 references in the search, 333 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 129 met the inclusion criteria. Osteoporosis screening using clinical risk factors should be considered. Patients with a recent (<2 years) major osteoporotic fracture were considered at very high and imminent risk of future fracture. The combination of bone mineral density measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and 10-year fracture risk was used to categorize patients as low or high risk. Patient education, the combination of weight-bearing and resistance training, and optimal calcium intake and vitamin D status were recommended. Antiresorptive and anabolic osteoporosis treatment should be considered for patients at high and very high fracture risk, respectively. Follow-up should focus on compliance, and patient-tailored monitoring should be considered. CONCLUSION BBC guidelines and 25 guideline recommendations bridge the gap between research and clinical practice for the screening, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanchez-Rodriguez
- WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health aspects of musculo-skeletal health and ageing, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Geriatrics Department, Rehabilitation Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - P Bergmann
- Department of Radioisotopes, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J J Body
- Department of Medicine, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, UnilabLg, University of Liège, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - E Gielen
- Gerontology and Geriatrics Section, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Goemaere
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Lapauw
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M R Laurent
- Geriatrics Department, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | - S Rozenberg
- Department of Gynaecology-Obstetrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Honvo
- WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health aspects of musculo-skeletal health and ageing, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Beaudart
- WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health aspects of musculo-skeletal health and ageing, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - O Bruyère
- WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health aspects of musculo-skeletal health and ageing, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Kanis JA, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Bruyère O, Veronese N, Lorentzon M, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Adib G, Al-Daghri N, Campusano C, Chandran M, Dawson-Hughes B, Javaid K, Jiwa F, Johansson H, Lee JK, Liu E, Messina D, Mkinsi O, Pinto D, Prieto-Alhambra D, Saag K, Xia W, Zakraoui L, Reginster JY. Algorithm for the management of patients at low, high and very high risk of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:1-12. [PMID: 31720707 PMCID: PMC7018677 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Guidance is provided in an international setting on the assessment and specific treatment of postmenopausal women at low, high and very high risk of fragility fractures. INTRODUCTION The International Osteoporosis Foundation and European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis published guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in 2019. This manuscript seeks to apply this in an international setting, taking additional account of further categorisation of increased risk of fracture, which may inform choice of therapeutic approach. METHODS Clinical perspective and updated literature search. RESULTS The following areas are reviewed: categorisation of fracture risk and general pharmacological management of osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS A platform is provided on which specific guidelines can be developed for national use to characterise fracture risk and direct interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kanis
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK.
- Mary McKillop Health Institute, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - N C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E McCloskey
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK
- MRC and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Ageing Mellanby, Sheffield, UK
| | - O Bruyère
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for the Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - N Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - M Lorentzon
- Mary McKillop Health Institute, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Geriatric Medicine Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Adib
- Syrian National Osteoporosis Society, Damascus, Syria
| | - N Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Dept., College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - C Campusano
- Clinica Universidad de los Andes and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Chandran
- Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, ACADEMIA, 20, College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - B Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Javaid
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F Jiwa
- Chair of the Committee of Patients Societies at the International Osteoporosis Foundation, Osteoporosis Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - H Johansson
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK
- Mary McKillop Health Institute, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J K Lee
- Beacon International Specialist Centre, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - E Liu
- Mary McKillop Health Institute, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Messina
- IRO Medical Research Center, Buenos Aires and Rheumatology section, Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O Mkinsi
- Department of Rheumatology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - D Pinto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Prieto-Alhambra
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- GREMPAL Research Group, CIBERFes and Idiap Jordi Gol, Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Saag
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - W Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - L Zakraoui
- Service de Rhumatologie, University Tunis Manar and Hôpital Mongi-Slim, la Marsa, Tunisia
| | - J -Y Reginster
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Dept., College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Mo J, Huang K, Wang X, Sheng X, Wang Q, Fang X, Fan S. The Sensitivity of Orthopaedic Surgeons to the Secondary Prevention of Fragility Fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018; 100:e153. [PMID: 30562300 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.17.01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthopaedic surgeons must play an important role in the secondary prevention of fragility fractures; however, some surgeons are more aware than others of their responsibility regarding fracture prevention. The purpose of the present study was to identify which factors can lead to a higher sensitivity for fracture prevention. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was distributed to orthopaedic surgeons via online invitation or at academic conferences in China from July through October 2015. A total of 452 surgeons responded. As the primary outcome measure, we created a sensitivity scoring system for fracture prevention based on the respondents' answers to 5 questions regarding behavior in the following areas: risk-factor evaluation, pharmacologic therapy, nonpharmacologic therapy, patient education, and follow-up. Multivariable linear regression and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors related to surgeon sensitivity to fracture prevention. RESULTS Very few surgeons reported having received adequate training regarding fracture prevention or reading guidelines or other fracture prevention literature (22% and 30%, respectively). Most respondents initiated pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic therapy (82% and 75%, respectively) for the treatment of confirmed osteoporosis among patients with fragility fractures, but only half performed a risk-factor evaluation, patient education, or timely patient follow-up (51%, 52%, and 48%, respectively). In the multivariable linear regression model, the orthopaedic surgeon's age (β = 0.09, p = 0.003), self-rated knowledge level regarding osteoporosis or related issues (β = 0.16, p < 0.001), self-perceived effectiveness in using preventive measures for patients with a fragility fracture (β = 0.62, p < 0.001), and use of clinical pathways for fragility fractures in his or her workplace (β = 1.24, p < 0.001) were independently associated with sensitivity scores for fracture prevention. Similar results were obtained from a multivariable logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS In China, the sensitivity of orthopaedic surgeons to the secondary prevention of fragility fractures is relatively low. Implementation of a comprehensive prevention approach and targeted continuing medical education are required to encourage surgeons to take greater responsibility for screening, treating, educating, and following their patients with fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Mo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangmao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xumeng Wang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Sheng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqian Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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The Impact of Multifaceted Osteoporosis Group Education on Patients' Decision-Making regarding Treatment Options and Lifestyle Changes. J Osteoporos 2018; 2018:9703602. [PMID: 29785259 PMCID: PMC5892217 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9703602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with chronic diseases like osteoporosis constantly have to make decisions related to their disease. Multifaceted osteoporosis group education (GE) may support patients' decision-making. This study investigated multifaceted osteoporosis GE focusing on the impact of GE on patients' decision-making related to treatment options and lifestyle. MATERIAL AND METHODS An interpretive description design using ethnographic methods was utilized with 14 women and three men diagnosed with osteoporosis who attended multifaceted GE. Data consisted of participant observation during GE and individual interviews. RESULTS Attending GE had an impact on the patients' decision-making in all educational themes. Patients decided on new ways to manage osteoporosis and made decisions regarding bone health and how to implement a lifestyle ensuring bone health. During GE, teachers and patients shared evidence-based knowledge and personal experiences and preferences, respectively, leading to a two-way exchange of information and deliberation about recommendations. Though teachers and patients explored the implications of the decisions and shared their preferences, teachers stressed that the patients ultimately had to make the decision. Teachers therefore refrained from participating in the final step of the decision-making process. CONCLUSION Attending GE has an impact on the patients' decision-making as it can initiate patient reflection and support decision-making.
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Chou L, Shamdasani P, Briggs AM, Cicuttini FM, Sullivan K, Seneviwickrama KLMD, Wluka AE. Systematic scoping review of patients' perceived needs of health services for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:3077-3098. [PMID: 28762126 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Health service planners, administrators and providers need to understand the patients' perspective of health services related to osteoporosis to optimise health outcomes. The aims of this study were to systematically identify and review the literature regarding patients' perceived health service needs relating to osteoporosis and osteopenia. A systematic scoping review was performed of publications in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO (1990-2016). Descriptive data regarding study design and methodology were extracted and risk of bias assessed. Aggregates of patients' perceived needs of osteoporosis health services were categorised. Thirty-three studies (19 quantitative and 14 qualitative) from 1027 were relevant. The following areas of perceived need emerged: (1) patients sought healthcare from doctors to obtain information and initiate management. They were dissatisfied with poor communication, lack of time and poor continuity of care. (2) Patients perceived a role for osteoporosis pharmacotherapy but were concerned about medication administration and adverse effects. (3) Patients believed that exercise and vitamin supplementation were important, but there is a lack of data examining the needs for other non-pharmacological measures such as smoking cessation and alcohol. (4) Patients wanted diagnostic evaluation and ongoing surveillance of their bone health. This review identified patients' needs for better communication with their healthcare providers. It also showed that a number of important cornerstones of therapy for osteoporosis, such as pharmacotherapy and exercise, are identified as important by patients, as well as ongoing surveillance of bone health. Understanding patients' perceived needs and aligning them with responsive and evidence-informed service models are likely to optimise patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chou
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Shamdasani
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A M Briggs
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Move: Muscle, Bone and Joint Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - F M Cicuttini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Sullivan
- Monash University Library, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K L M D Seneviwickrama
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A E Wluka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Among Chinese immigrants, osteoporosis is undertreated, misdiagnosed, and a leading cause of fragility fractures. In orthopaedic surgery departments, prevention education and health behavior change programs are necessary to improve their bone health. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an osteoporosis prevention education program on participants' self-efficacy with regard to exercise and nutrition when provided by an orthopaedic surgery team during an annual Chinese Health Fair in Santa Clara County, CA. METHODS This pilot study used a single-group pretest and posttest design. Chinese immigrants at risk of osteoporosis were recruited during a 1-day health fair. The Bone Health Intervention (BHI) included orthopaedic surgeon consultation, visual aids including osteoporosis images and bone models, a video that included a discussion on calcium and vitamin D in the Chinese diet and culturally-acceptable exercise, and osteoporosis educational handouts. The Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Scale (OSES) was utilized to measure participants' confidence in the ability to participate in self-care behaviors related to physical activity and calcium intake before and after the intervention. Paired t tests were used to compare participants' OSES scores pre- and postintervention. RESULTS There was a significant increase in mean OSES scores postintervention, indicating that the intervention could be an effective method of increasing participants' self-efficacy regarding calcium intake and time spent in exercising. CONCLUSION These results indicate that a culturally meaningful education program can potentially reduce fragility fracture risk. Orthopaedic health providers are ideal candidates to deliver preventive care education to improve outcomes for Chinese immigrants.
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Morfeld JC, Vennedey V, Müller D, Pieper D, Stock S. Patient education in osteoporosis prevention: a systematic review focusing on methodological quality of randomised controlled trials. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1779-1803. [PMID: 28236127 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-3946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This review summarizes evidence regarding the effects of patient education in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. The included studies reveal mixed results on a variety of endpoints. Methodological improvem ent of future RCTs (e.g. with regard to randomization and duration of follow-up) might yield more conclusive evidence on the effects of patient education in osteoporosis INTRODUCTION: This review aims to evaluate the effects of patient education on osteoporosis prevention and treatment results. METHODS Multiple databases including PubMed and Embase were searched until February 2016. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible if they included adults diagnosed with or at risk of osteoporosis and assessed patient education interventions (group- or individual-based). Outcomes regarding osteoporosis management including initiation of and adherence to pharmacological therapy, physical activity, calcium and vitamin D intake, changes in smoking behaviour, fractures, quality of life (QoL) and osteoporosis knowledge were evaluated. The Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias was used to assess the internal validity of included trials. RESULTS Fifteen articles (13 different studies) published between 2001 and 2013 were included (group-based education = 7, individual-based education = 5, both = 1). The general risk of bias was considered as moderate to high. The effects on 'bone mineral density (BMD) testing and/or pharmacological therapy' (composite endpoint), 'calcium intake' and 'vitamin D intake' as well as 'osteoporosis knowledge' were statistically significant in favour of the intervention in ≥50% of the studies analysing these outcomes. Differences between the intervention and the control group regarding 'pharmacological therapy', 'medication adherence', 'physical activity', 'fractures' and 'QoL' were found to be statistically significant in <50% of the trials. CONCLUSIONS This review indicates that it is still unclear whether patient education is beneficial and whether it has a significant and clinically relevant impact on osteoporosis management results. Educational programmes for osteoporosis require further investigation within the context of well-conducted RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana-Carina Morfeld
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, The University Hospital of Cologne (AöR), Gleueler Straße 176-178, 50935, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vera Vennedey
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, The University Hospital of Cologne (AöR), Gleueler Straße 176-178, 50935, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Müller
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, The University Hospital of Cologne (AöR), Gleueler Straße 176-178, 50935, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Dawid Pieper
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, Building 38, 51109, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stock
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, The University Hospital of Cologne (AöR), Gleueler Straße 176-178, 50935, Cologne, Germany
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Wang L, Xu X, Zhang Y, Hao H, Chen L, Su T, Zhang Y, Ma W, Xie Y, Wang T, Yang F, He L, Wang W, Fu X, Ma Y. A model of health education and management for osteoporosis prevention. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3797-3805. [PMID: 28105113 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a chronic disease with no therapeutic cure, affects a growing number of people as the aging population in China rapidly increases. Therefore, developing an evidence-based model of health education and management for osteoporosis prevention is required. In the present study, an osteoporosis club was established, which is a novel model of health education and management for osteoporosis prevention. A unified management of membership was used based on a digitized database. A total of 436 patients with osteoporosis were randomly assigned to the osteoporosis club group or the self-management control group. For the osteoporosis club group, multiple activities of health education were performed, including monthly systematic health education lectures, exercise programs and communication parties once a year. For the control group, the participants took charge of their own musculoskeletal health. All data of the participants were collected and evaluated prior to and following intervention. In the pre-intervention assessment, no significant difference was identified in the health education between the two groups. Through the four-year intervention, the osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs, living behavior, medication compliance, quality of life and bone mineral density of the osteoporosis club group were improved significantly compared with the control group (P<0.001), while the pain degree of the osteoporosis club group was relieved significantly more compared with the control group (P<0.001). The results in the present study suggest that setting up an osteoporosis club is an evidence-based model of health education and management for osteoporosis prevention in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Center of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Center of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Systems Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Hao
- Center of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Liying Chen
- Center of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Tianjiao Su
- Center of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Ma
- Center of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Center of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Center of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Center of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Li He
- Division of Science and Technology, National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Wenjiao Wang
- Center of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Fu
- Center of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Yuanzheng Ma
- Center of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
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20
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Jensen AL, Lomborg K, Langdahl BL, Wind G. Managing a Bone Healthy Lifestyle After Attending Multifaceted Group Education. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:272-81. [PMID: 27146664 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We examined patients with osteoporosis implementation of recommendations regarding a bone healthy lifestyle after the patients attended multifaceted osteoporosis group education (GE). Our findings suggest that GE can support and influence patients' transfer of preventive actions. Still patients are challenged by concerns related to social roles and physical ability. We investigated if and how patients implemented knowledge from attending multifaceted osteoporosis GE in their daily lives. An interpretive description design using ethnographic field work was applied. In all 14 women and three men diagnosed with osteoporosis who attended multifaceted GE at a Danish hospital participated. Data consisted of field work and individual interviews in the participants' everyday environment after completion of GE. After attending multifaceted GE, participants experienced increased attention to and reflected more on how to implement osteoporosis preventive actions or activities. Participants who felt confident on how to act and experienced a clear need and motivation, or who could make the preventive activity into a social event, demonstrated an increased implementation of the preventive activity. On the contrary, attending GE was in some cases not sufficient to overcome social and physical concerns, or to eliminate uncertainty about recommendations or to make participants identify with the osteoporosis diagnosis, which thus impeded implementation of a bone healthy lifestyle. Attending multifaceted GE can support and influence participants' transfer of preventive actions into daily life. Being aware of how concerns about valued social roles and physical ability interfere with the implementation of medical recommendations obviously needs attention during GE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annesofie Lunde Jensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansen-Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Kirsten Lomborg
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Norrebrogade 44, Building 12A, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Lomholt Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansen-Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gitte Wind
- Institute of Nursing, Metropolitan University College, Tagensvej 86, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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21
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Toh LS, Lai PSM, Wu DBC, Wong KT, Low BY, Anderson C. The Development and Validation of the Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool (OPAAT) in Malaysia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124553. [PMID: 25938494 PMCID: PMC4418569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and validate Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool (OPAAT) in Malaysia. METHODS The OPAAT was modified from the Malaysian Osteoporosis Knowledge Tool and developed from an exploratory study on patients. Face and content validity was established by an expert panel. The OPAAT consists of 30 items, categorized into three domains. A higher score indicates higher knowledge level. English speaking non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women ≥ 50 years of age and pharmacists were included in the study. RESULTS A total of 203 patients and 31 pharmacists were recruited. Factor analysis extracted three domains. Flesch reading ease was 59.2. The mean ± SD accuracy rate was 0.60 ± 0.22 (range: 0.26-0.94). The Cronbach's α for each domain ranged from 0.286-0.748. All items were highly correlated (Spearman's rho: 0.761-0.990, p < 0.05), with no significant change in the overall test-retest scores, indicating that OPAAT has achieved stable reliability. Pharmacists had higher knowledge score than patients (80.9 ± 8.7 vs 63.6 ± 17.4, p < 0.001), indicating that the OPAAT was able to discriminate between the knowledge levels of pharmacists and patients. CONCLUSION The OPAAT was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing patient's knowledge about osteoporosis and its prevention in Malaysia. The OPAAT can be used to identify individuals in need of osteoporosis educational intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shean Toh
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pauline Siew Mei Lai
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, University of Malaya Primary Care Research Group (UMPCRG), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Kok Thong Wong
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bee Yean Low
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Claire Anderson
- Division of Social Research in Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Lin LP, Hsu SW, Yao CH, Lai WJ, Hsu PJ, Wu JL, Chu CM, Lin JD. Risk for osteopenia and osteoporosis in institution-dwelling individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2015; 36C:108-113. [PMID: 25462471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and contributing factors to osteopenia and osteoporosis among people with intellectual disabilities (ID) or/and developmental disabilities (DD) residing in a disability institution in Taiwan. The present study was conducted at one disability institution in Taiwan and recruited 184 institutionalized residents with ID and/or DD (115 men and 69 women aged 18-72 years) for analysis. For all residents with ID and/or DD, information was obtained about their age, gender, level of ID, BMI, and bone mineral density (BMD). BMD is a measurement of calcium levels in bones that can estimate the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures. Bone tests were divided into three outcome categories based on their calcaneal BMD T-scores: Normal BMD, a T-score≧-1; Osteopenia, -2.5≦T-score<-1; and Osteoporosis, a T-score<-2.5. The results revealed that 46.2% of cases were normal and that 27.7% and 26.1% of cases had osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses found that male gender (OR=2.482, 95% CI=1.04-5.93, p<0.05), age≧40 years (OR=3.051, 95% CI=1.07-8.69, p<0.05) and being overweight/obese (OR=0.395, 95% CI=0.17-0.93, p<0.05) were more likely to be associated with osteoporosis. Another model indicated that males (OR=2.169, 95% CI=1.12-4.19, p<0.05) and those aged≧40 years (OR=3.026, 95% CI=1.32-7, p<0.01) tended to have an increased risk for osteopenia and osteoporosis. To improve the bone quality of individuals with ID or/and DD and to decrease the occurrence of osteopenia and osteoporosis, this study highlights that we should pay much attention to the potential risk factors for bone quality in these vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ping Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Wei Hsu
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hui Yao
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lai
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Hsu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Wu
- Chung-Hua Foundation for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cordia M Chu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jin-Ding Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Chung-Hua Foundation for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Center for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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23
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Gasparik AI. Clinical setting influences patterns of interaction between osteoporosis patient and physician. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 95:122-4. [PMID: 24858711 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The importance of healthy behavior for bone health, as well as low adherence to anti-osteoporosis medication are well-described problems. Both, lifestyle habits and compliance with drug-therapy are influenced by the relationship between patients and physicians. We analyzed 152 consecutive doctor-patient interactions conducted in public and private practices specialized in the management of osteoporosis. We recorded the duration of the consultation and the relative length of: (a) Personal and medical history collection, (b) Physical examination, (c) Explanation of the diagnosis and treatment modalities, and (d) Administrative tasks. The overall length and the respective duration of the four phases of the consultation significantly differ in private versus public practices. In the private practice, doctors spend more time with the patient and dedicate a higher proportion of their time to history collection and explanation of diagnosis/treatment for osteoporosis. While we do not integrate data on medication adherence, we believe that since more time is dedicated to health education, patients consulting in the private sector have a greater probability to adopt a healthy lifestyle and better/ longer take anti-osteoporosis medications. Further investigations are needed to assess if the differences in patient and doctor behaviors in the public-private settings have a significant impact on therapeutic adherence and subsequently fracture reduction in patients receiving anti-osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ildiko Gasparik
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tg. Mures, UMF. Tirgu Mures, Str Gh. Marinescu nr. 38, 540139, Târgu Mureş, Romania,
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