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Sun X, Li X, Tian P, Zhao J, Xin H, Ma X, Yuan X. The Sequential and Systemic Administration of BMP-2 and SDF-1α Nanocapsules for Promoting Osteoporotic Fracture Healing. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:369. [PMID: 37622974 PMCID: PMC10452594 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the use of the nanocapsule sequential delivery of BMP-2 and SDF-1α through the peripheral circulatory system to promote the healing of osteoporotic fractures. METHODS Based on increased vascular permeability in the early hematoma environment around the fracture and the presence of a large number of matrix metalloproteinase MMPs in the inflammatory environment, we designed MMP-sensitive nanocapsules which were formed viain situ free-radical polymerization on the surface of grow factors with 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and the bisacryloylated VPLGVRTK peptide. The antiphagic effect and biological activity of the growth factors for the nanomicrocapsule delivery system were tested by cell experiments. The 36 SD rats with an osteoporotic fracture model were randomly divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E, and F). In this paper, the nanocapsules loaded with BMP-2 and SDF-1 are represented as n (BMP-2) and n (SDF-1α). In the six groups, the following different combinations of growth factors were injected into the bone defect site on days 1 and 3 after bone defect surgery: in group A, n (SDF-1α) combined with n (SDF-1α); in group B, n (BMP-2) combined with n (BMP-2); in group C, n (SDF-1α) + n (BMP-2) combined with n (SDF-1α) + n (BMP-2); in group D, n (SDF-1α) combined with n (BMP-2); in group E, n (BMP-2) combined with n (SDF-1α); in group F, nanocapsules without growth factor were used as the control group. Micro-CT was used to observe the effect of n(BMP-2) and n(SDF-1α) sequential delivery inearly healing in osteoporotic fractures. Finally, in this study, we evaluated the safety of the nanocapsules delivery system by detecting ectopic osteogenesis and inflammatory responses in animals. RESULTS Nanocapsules have low toxicity and protect the integrity and biological activity of growth factors. The results confirmed that nanocapsules could still be effectively targeted to the fracture site on days 1, 3, and 7 after intravenous administration. Growth factors encapsulated in nanocapsules have better bone repair results than natural growth factors. In particular, groups C and D had the best bone repair results than other groups.In vivo experiments confirmed that nanocapsules did not cause significant ectopic osteogenesis and inflammation. CONCLUSION The results confirmed that the special vascular permeability and inflammatory factor microenvironment of the fracture site could be used to deliver two growth factors with a synergistic effect through venous circulation, which could better promote the healing process of osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Xueping Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China;
| | - Peng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China;
| | - Jin Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Hou Xin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, No. 406 Jiefang South Road, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xubo Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (H.X.)
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Sommer NG, Hirzberger D, Paar L, Berger L, Ćwieka H, Schwarze UY, Herber V, Okutan B, Bodey AJ, Willumeit-Römer R, Zeller-Plumhoff B, Löffler JF, Weinberg AM. Implant degradation of low-alloyed Mg-Zn-Ca in osteoporotic, old and juvenile rats. Acta Biomater 2022; 147:427-438. [PMID: 35644328 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Implant removal is unnecessary for biodegradable magnesium (Mg)-based implants and, therefore, the related risk for implant-induced fractures is limited. Aging, on the other hand, is associated with low bone-turnover and decreased bone mass and density, and thus increased fracture risk. Osteoporosis is accompanied by Mg deficiency, therefore, we hypothesized that Mg-based implants may support bone formation by Mg2+ ion release in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rat model. Hence, we investigated osseointegration and implant degradation of a low-alloyed, degrading Mg-Zn-Ca implant (ZX00) in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic (Osteo), old healthy (OH), and juvenile healthy (JH) groups of female Sprague Dawley rats via in vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT). For the Osteo rats, we demonstrate diminished trabecular bone already after 8 weeks upon ovariectomy and significantly enhanced implant volume loss, with correspondingly pronounced gas formation, compared to the OH and JH groups. Sclerotic rim development was observed in about half of the osteoporotic rats, suggesting a prevention from foreign-body and osteonecrosis development. Synchrotron radiation-based µCT confirmed lower bone volume fractions in the Osteo group compared to the OH and JH groups. Qualitative histological analysis additionally visualized the enhanced implant degradation in the Osteo group. To date, ZX00 provides an interesting implant material for young and older healthy patients, but it may not be of advantage in pharmacologically untreated osteoporotic conditions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Magnesium-based implants are promising candidates for treatment of osteoporotic fractures because of their biodegradable, biomechanical, anti-bacterial and bone regenerative properties. Here we investigate magnesium‒zinc‒calcium implant materials in a rat model with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis (Osteo group) and compare the related osseointegration and implant degradation with the results obtained for old healthy (OH) and juvenile healthy (JH) rats. The work applied an appropriate disease model for osteoporosis and focused in particular on long-term implant degradation for different bone conditions. Enhanced implant degradation and sclerotic rim formation was observed in osteoporotic rats, which illustrates that the setting of different bone models generates significantly modified clinical outcome. It further illustrated that these differences must be taken into account in future biodegradable implant development.
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Wu T, Tang H, Yang J, Yao Z, Bai L, Xie Y, Li Q, Xiao J. METTL3-m 6 A methylase regulates the osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in osteoporotic rats via the Wnt signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13234. [PMID: 35470497 PMCID: PMC9136513 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) hold a high osteogenic differentiation potential, but the mechanisms that control the osteogenic ability of BMSCs from osteoporosis (OP-BMSCs) need further research. The purpose of this experiment is to discuss the osteogenic effect of Mettl3 on OP-BMSCs and explore new therapeutic target that can enhance the bone formation ability of OP-BMSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) method was used to establish the SD rat OP model. Dot blots were used to reveal the different methylation levels of BMSCs and OP-BMSCs. Lentiviral-mediated overexpression of Mettl3 was applied in OP-BMSCs. QPCR and WB detected the molecular changes of osteogenic-related factors and Wnt signalling pathway in vitro experiment. The staining of calcium nodules and alkaline phosphatase detected the osteogenic ability of OP-BMSCs. Micro-CT and histological examination evaluated the osteogenesis of Mettl3 in OP rats in vivo. RESULTS The OP rat model was successfully established by OVX. Methylation levels and osteogenic potential of OP-BMSCs were decreased in OP-BMSCs. In vitro experiment, overexpression of Mettl3 could upregulate the osteogenic-related factors and activate the Wnt signalling pathway in OP-BMSCs. However, osteogenesis of OP-BMSCs was weakened by treatment with the canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1. Micro-CT showed that the Mettl3(+) group had an increased amount of new bone formation at 8 weeks. Moreover, the results of histological staining were the same as the micro-CT results. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the methylation levels and osteogenic potential of OP-BMSCs were decreased in OP-BMSCs. In vitro and in vivo studies, overexpression of Mettl3 could partially rescue the decreased bone formation ability of OP-BMSCs by the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. Therefore, Mettl3 may be a key targeted gene for bone generation and therapy of bone defects in OP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Wu
- Department of Oral ImplantologyThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Hui Tang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Zhihao Yao
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Long Bai
- Department of Oral ImplantologyThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Yuping Xie
- Department of Oral ImplantologyThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Qing Li
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Jingang Xiao
- Department of Oral ImplantologyThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
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Zhu H, Liu Q, Li W, Huang S, Zhang B, Wang Y. Biological Deciphering of the "Kidney Governing Bones" Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:1685052. [PMID: 35392645 PMCID: PMC8983196 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1685052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The description of the "kidney" was entirely different from modern medicine. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the kidney was a functional concept regulating water metabolism, which was closely related to the urinary system, reproductive system, nervous system, endocrine, skeleton, hearing, metabolism, immunity, etc. In particular, the kidney in TCM plays an important regulatory role in the processes of growth, development, prime, aging, and reproduction. Hence, "Kidney Governing Bone" (KGB) was a classical theory in TCM, which hypothesized that the function of the kidney was responsible for bone health. However, the related modern physiological mechanisms of this TCM theory are unclear. This present paper proposed a new understanding and explored the biological basis of the KGB theory. After searching through plenty of reported literature, we discovered that the functions of the kidney in TCM were closely associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in modern science. The physiological mechanism of the KGB was regulated by sex hormones and their receptors. This review deciphered the connotation of the KGB theory in modern medicine and further verified the scientificity of the basic TCM theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanmin Zhu
- Hubei University of Arts and Science, HuBei, XiangYang 441053, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Wei Li
- Hubei University of Arts and Science, HuBei, XiangYang 441053, China
| | - Shuming Huang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang, Qiqihar 161006, China
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Pandey R, Garg A, Gupta K, Shukla P, Mandrah K, Roy S, Chattopadhyay N, Bandyopadhyay S. Arsenic Induces Differential Neurotoxicity in Male, Female, and E2-Deficient Females: Comparative Effects on Hippocampal Neurons and Cognition in Adult Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2729-2744. [PMID: 35175559 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We earlier reported that arsenic induced hippocampal neuronal loss, causing cognitive dysfunctions in male rats. This neuronal damage mechanism involved an altered bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2)/Smad and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB signaling. Susceptibility to toxicants is often sex-dependent, and hence we studied the comparative effects of arsenic in adult male and female rats. We observed that a lower dose of arsenic reduced learning-memory ability, examined through passive avoidance and Y-maze tests, in male but not female rats. Again, male rats exhibited greater learning-memory loss at a higher dose of arsenic. Supporting this, arsenic-treated male rats demonstrated larger reduction in the hippocampal NeuN and %-surviving neurons, together with increased apoptosis and altered BMP2/Smad and BDNF/TrkB pathways compared to their female counterparts. Since the primary female hormone, estrogen (E2), regulates normal brain functions, we next probed whether endogenous E2 levels in females offered resistance against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity. We used ovariectomized (OVX) rat as the model for E2 deficiency. We primarily identified that OVX itself induced hippocampal neuronal damage and cognitive decline, involving an increased BMP2/Smad and reduced BDNF/TrkB. Further, these effects appeared greater in arsenic + OVX compared to arsenic + sham (ovary intact) or OVX rats alone. The OVX-induced adverse effects were significantly reduced by E2 treatment. Overall, our study suggests that adult males could be more susceptible than females to arsenic-induced neurotoxicity. It also indicates that endogenous E2 regulates hippocampal BMP and BDNF signaling and restrains arsenic-induced neuronal dysfunctions in females, which may be inhibited in E2-deficient conditions, such as menopause or ovarian failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukmani Pandey
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, USA
| | - Asmita Garg
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Keerti Gupta
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pallavi Shukla
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Kapil Mandrah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Somendu Roy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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The Bone Regeneration Capacity of BMP-2 + MMP-10 Loaded Scaffolds Depends on the Tissue Status. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070979. [PMID: 34209593 PMCID: PMC8308972 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials-mediated bone formation in osteoporosis (OP) is challenging as it requires tissue growth promotion and adequate mineralization. Based on our previous findings, the development of scaffolds combining bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP-10) shows promise for OP management. To test our hypothesis, scaffolds containing BMP-2 + MMP-10 at variable ratios or BMP-2 + Alendronate (ALD) were prepared. Systems were characterized and tested in vitro on healthy and OP mesenchymal stem cells and in vivo bone formation was studied on healthy and OP animals. Therapeutic molecules were efficiently encapsulated into PLGA microspheres and embedded into chitosan foams. The use of PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) microspheres as therapeutic molecule reservoirs allowed them to achieve an in vitro and in vivo controlled release. A beneficial effect on the alkaline phosphatase activity of non-OP cells was observed for both combinations when compared with BMP-2 alone. This effect was not detected on OP cells where all treatments promoted a similar increase in ALP activity compared with control. The in vivo results indicated a positive effect of the BMP-2 + MMP-10 combination at both of the doses tested on tissue repair for OP mice while it had the opposite effect on non-OP animals. This fact can be explained by the scaffold’s slow-release rate and degradation that could be beneficial for delayed bone regeneration conditions but had the reverse effect on healthy animals. Therefore, the development of adequate scaffolds for bone regeneration requires consideration of the tissue catabolic/anabolic balance to obtain biomaterials with degradation/release behaviors suited for the existing tissue status.
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Mathavan N, Raina DB, Tägil M, Isaksson H. Longitudinal in vivo monitoring of callus remodeling in BMP-7- and Zoledronate-treated fractures. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1905-1913. [PMID: 32073160 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological interventions that combine pro-anabolic and anti-catabolic drugs to treat recalcitrant fractures have shown remarkable efficacy in augmenting the regenerative response. Specifically, in rodent models of fracture repair, treatment with BMP-7 and Zoledronate (ZA) has almost uniformally resulted in complete union. However, delayed remodeling may be problematic for ZA-treated fractures. The increase in newly formed bone is substantial but if translated in humans, delayed remodeling may delay functional recovery. Our objective was to determine if, and to what extent, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) (in synergistically administered BMP-7 + ZA) can modulate the delayed hard callus remodeling caused by ZA. Callus remodeling in BMP-7-only and BMP-7 + ZA-treated osteotomies were monitored using in vivo µCT to follow the progression of healing at 6-week intervals over 24 weeks in an open femoral fracture rat model. None of the groups recovered baseline cortical bone volumes within 24 weeks post-osteotomy. Treatment prolonged the remodeling phase but the kinetics of remodeling appeared to differ between BMP and BMP + ZA groups. However, the mechanical characteristics were largely restored. Callus/bone volumes in BMP-only treated fractures peaked as early as week 3 suggesting that remodeling is stimulated prematurely. However, this rate of remodeling was not maintained as BMP-7 was found to exhibit negligible changes in callus/bone volumes between weeks 6 and 18, whereas declines in callus/bone volumes were present at these time points in the BMP-7 + ZA group. Our findings suggest that inclusion of ZA as an anti-catabolic agent may not be detrimental to the regenerative process despite a prolonged remodeling phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neashan Mathavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Deepak Bushan Raina
- Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Tägil
- Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Neuerburg C, Mittlmeier LM, Keppler AM, Westphal I, Glass Ä, Saller MM, Herlyn PKE, Richter H, Böcker W, Schieker M, Aszodi A, Fischer DC. Growth factor-mediated augmentation of long bones: evaluation of a BMP-7 loaded thermoresponsive hydrogel in a murine femoral intramedullary injection model. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:297. [PMID: 31488155 PMCID: PMC6727400 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to our aging population, an increase in proximal femur fractures can be expected, which is associated with impaired activities of daily living and a high risk of mortality. These patients are also at a high risk to suffer a secondary osteoporosis-related fracture on the contralateral hip. In this context, growth factors could open the field for regenerative approaches, as it is known that, i.e., the growth factor BMP-7 (bone morphogenetic protein 7) is a potent stimulator of osteogenesis. Local prophylactic augmentation of the proximal femur with a BMP-7 loaded thermoresponsive hydrogel during index surgery of an osteoporotic fracture could be suitable to reduce the risk of further osteoporosis-associated secondary fractures. The present study therefore aims to test the hypothesis if a BMP-7 augmented hydrogel is an applicable carrier for the augmentation of non-fractured proximal femurs. Furthermore, it needs to be shown that the minimally invasive injection of a hydrogel into the mouse femur is technically feasible. Methods In this study, male C57BL/6 mice (n = 36) received a unilateral femoral intramedullary injection of either 100 μl saline, 100 μl 1,4 Butan-Diisocyanat (BDI)-hydrogel, or 100 μl hydrogel loaded with 1 μg of bone morphogenetic protein 7. Mice were sacrificed 4 and 12 weeks later. The femora were submitted to high-resolution X-ray tomography and subsequent histological examination. Results Analysis of normalized CtBMD (Cortical bone mineral density) as obtained by X-ray micro-computed tomography analysis revealed significant differences depending on the duration of treatment (4 vs 12 weeks; p < 0.05). Furthermore, within different anatomically defined regions of interest, significant associations between normalized TbN (trabecular number) and BV/TV (percent bone volume) were noted. Histology indicated no signs of inflammation and no signs of necrosis and there were no cartilage damages, no new bone formations, or new cartilage tissues, while BMP-7 was readily detectable in all of the samples. Conclusions In conclusion, the murine femoral intramedullary injection model appears to be feasible and worth to be used in subsequent studies that are directed to examine the therapeutic potential of BMP-7 loaded BDI-hydrogel. Although we were unable to detect any significant osseous effects arising from the mode or duration of treatment in the present trial, the effect of different concentrations and duration of treatment in an osteoporotic model appears of interest for further experiments to reach translation into clinic and open new strategies of growth factor-mediated augmentation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13018-019-1315-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Neuerburg
- Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Lena M Mittlmeier
- Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Present Address: Department of Urology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander M Keppler
- Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ines Westphal
- Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,LivImplant GmbH, Starnberg, Germany
| | - Änne Glass
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Research Group Biostatistics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maximilian M Saller
- Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp K E Herlyn
- Department of Traumatology, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Heiko Richter
- LLS ROWIAK LaserLabSolutions GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Schieker
- Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,LivImplant GmbH, Starnberg, Germany
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dagmar-C Fischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Mathavan N, Koopman J, Raina DB, Turkiewicz A, Tägil M, Isaksson H. 18F-fluoride as a prognostic indicator of bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:403-411. [PMID: 30965143 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a form of nuclear imaging, which quantitatively assesses the metabolic activity through the uptake of radioactive tracers. 18F-fluoride is a positron-emitting isotope with high affinity for bone. Despite its potential as a non-invasive measure of bone metabolism, quantitative 18F-fluoride PET has only been used sparsely in orthopaedic applications. It has been speculated that 18F-fluoride PET characterizes cellular activity of bone forming cells in the early stages of the regenerative process and therefore precedes the mineralization detected by conventional computed tomography (CT). Our aim was thus to combine in vivo PET and CT to map the spatiotemporal course of bone regeneration during fracture healing using an open femur fracture model in the rat and characterize regeneration in untreated and pharmacologically treated fractures using both imaging modalities. We hypothesized that PET 18F-fluoride tracer activity at an earlier time point is predictive of CT measured bone formation at a later time point. On the basis of the RMSE and R2 metrics of linear regression models it was conceivable for bone volumes to be predicted up to three weeks in advance in a rodent model (RMSE: 14 mm3-18 mm3, R2: 0.79-0.82). Moreover, the data suggested that 18F-fluoride positron-emitting activity had the potential to separate bone formation from resorption and thus could be of interest across a wide array of orthopaedic applications. Based on this data, we conclude that 18F-fluoride positron-emitting activity is strongly correlated to bone formation and could potentially predict the volume of bone regenerated at fracture sites. The volume of bone regenerated at a fracture site can be interpreted as a measure of the healing response and 18F-fluoride should be further investigated as a predictive diagnostic tool to identify if bone fractures will heal successfully or result in delayed healing or non-union. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We aimed to combine in vivo PET and CT imaging to map the spatiotemporal course of bone regeneration during fracture healing using an open femur fracture model in the rat and characterize regeneration in untreated and pharmacologically treated fractures using both imaging modalities. We hypothesized that PET 18F-fluoride tracer activity at an earlier time point is predictive of CT measured bone formation at a later time point. Our data suggest that 18F-fluoride positron-emitting activity can separate bone formation from resorption and thus could be of interest across a wide array of orthopaedic applications including as a predictive diagnostic tool to identify if fractures will heal successfully or result in delayed healing or non-union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neashan Mathavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Janine Koopman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Deepak Bushan Raina
- Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Turkiewicz
- Lund OsteoArthritis Division - Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Tägil
- Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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10
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of tibial diaphyseal nonunions are rather difficult. Plate-screw, intramedullary nailing and external fixation are the methods used for treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment results of aseptic diaphyseal nonunions following tibia fractures by intramedullary compressive tibia nailing (IMCN) with or without bone graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty eight patients who had aseptic tibial nonunion without bone defects operated between 2005 and 2015 were included in the study. The mean age of our patients was 36.4 years (range 20-56 years). There were 22 males and 6 females. Fifteen of the patients exhibited hypertrophic nonunion and thirteen exhibited atrophic nonunion. The average time between fracture occurrence and presentation to our department was 1.6 years (range 1-20 years). All patients underwent fibular osteotomy by removal of a 2 cm bone block from the middle one-third of the fibulas. In all cases, IMCN was applied following the reaming procedure, then maximum bone contacts were achieved manually between proximal and distal bone fragments afterward, and dynamic compressive fixation with 1 mm of compression was performed by a single rotation of the compression screw at the top of the nail. Direct X-ray images were assessed according to the Rust criteria, and functional outcomes were assessed according to the Johner-Wrush criteria. Finite-element analysis was performed for 1 mm of compression. For statistical analysis, Fisher's exact test, Pearson's Chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U-test were used. RESULTS Union was achieved in all patients. Radiological union was obtained at an average of 15.5 ± 1.86 weeks. Functional results were found to be good or excellent in 25 (89.2%) patients and average or poor in 3 (10.8%) patients. One patient developed skin necrosis at the wound site, which was treated with rotational flap and skin graft. None of the patients developed implant failure, thromboembolism, deep-vein thrombosis, or infection. CONCLUSIONS The use of compressive intramedullary nailing with or without bone graft is an effective method for the treatment of tibial nonunion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Aldemir
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SaglikBilimleri University, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey,Address for correspondence: Dr. Cengiz Aldemir, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SaglikBilimleri University, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Avenue, KazimKarabekir Street, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. E-mail:
| | - Fatih Duygun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SaglikBilimleri University, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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11
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Segredo-Morales E, Reyes R, Arnau MR, Delgado A, Évora C. In situ gel-forming system for dual BMP-2 and 17β-estradiol controlled release for bone regeneration in osteoporotic rats. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1103-1113. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Širka A, Raina DB, Isaksson H, Tanner KE, Smailys A, Kumar A, Tarasevičius Š, Tägil M, Lidgren L. Calcium Sulphate/Hydroxyapatite Carrier for Bone Formation in the Femoral Neck of Osteoporotic Rats. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1753-1764. [PMID: 29855219 PMCID: PMC6302674 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated bone regeneration in the femoral neck canal of osteoporotic rats using a novel animal model. A calcium sulphate (CS)/hydroxyapatite (HA) carrier was used to deliver a bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid (ZA), locally, with or without added recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Twenty-eight-week-old ovariectomized Sprague–Dawley rats were used. A 1 mm diameter and 8 mm long defect was created in the femoral neck by drilling from the lateral cortex in the axis of the femoral neck, leaving the surrounding cortex intact. Three treatment groups and one control group were used: (1) CS/HA alone, (2) CS/HA + ZA (10 μg) (3) CS/HA + ZA (10 μg) + rhBMP-2 (4 μg), and (4) empty defect (control). The bone formation was assessed at 4 weeks post surgery using in vivo micro computed tomography (micro-CT). At 8 weeks post surgery, the animals were sacrificed, and both defect and contralateral femurs were subjected to micro-CT, mechanical testing, and histology. Micro-CT results showed that the combination of CS/HA with ZA or ZA + rhBMP-2 increased the bone formation in the defect when compared to the other groups and to the contralateral hips. Evidence of new dense bone formation in CS/HA + ZA and CS/HA + ZA + rhBMP-2 groups was seen histologically. Mechanical testing results showed no differences in the load to fracture between the treatments in either of the treated or contralateral legs. The CS/HA biomaterial can be used as a carrier for ZA and rhBMP-2 to regenerate bone in the femoral neck canal of osteoporotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurimas Širka
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine; Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Deepak Bushan Raina
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine; Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine; Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Engineering; Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Elizabeth Tanner
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine; Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredas Smailys
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Šarūnas Tarasevičius
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Magnus Tägil
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine; Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Lidgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine; Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Mathavan N, Turunen MJ, Guizar-Sicairos M, Bech M, Schaff F, Tägil M, Isaksson H. The compositional and nano-structural basis of fracture healing in healthy and osteoporotic bone. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1591. [PMID: 29371668 PMCID: PMC5785543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a prevalent metabolic bone disorder, predisposes individuals to increased susceptibility to fractures. It is also, somewhat controversially, thought to delay or impair the regenerative response. Using high-resolution Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and small/wide-angle X-ray scattering we sought to answer the following questions: Does the molecular composition and the nano-structure in the newly regenerated bone differ between healthy and osteoporotic environments? And how do pharmacological treatments, such as bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) alone or synergistically combined with zoledronate (ZA), alter callus composition and nano-structure in such environments? Cumulatively, on the basis of compositional and nano-structural characterizations of newly formed bone in an open-osteotomy rat model, the healing response in untreated healthy and ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic environments was fundamentally the same. However, the BMP-7 induced osteogenic response resulted in greater heterogeneity in the nano-structural crystal dimensions and this effect was more pronounced with osteoporosis. ZA mitigated the effects of the upregulated catabolism induced by both BMP-7 and an osteoporotic bone environment. The findings contribute to our understanding of how the repair processes in healthy and osteoporotic bone differ in both untreated and treated contexts and the data presented represents the most comprehensive study of fracture healing at the nanoscale undertaken to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neashan Mathavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mikael J Turunen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Martin Bech
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Florian Schaff
- Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Magnus Tägil
- Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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14
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Li G, Zhang L, Wang L, Yuan G, Dai K, Pei J, Hao Y. Dual modulation of bone formation and resorption with zoledronic acid-loaded biodegradable magnesium alloy implants improves osteoporotic fracture healing: An in vitro and in vivo study. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:486-500. [PMID: 29079514 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporotic fracture (OPF) remains a major clinical challenge for skeletal regeneration. Impaired osteogenesis and excessive remodeling result in prolonged and poor quality of fracture healing. To augment bone formation and inhibit excessive resorption simultaneously, we constructed a biodegradable magnesium-based implant integrated with the anti-catabolic drug zoledronic acid (ZA); this implant exhibits controllable, sustained release of magnesium degradation products and ZA in vitro. The extracts greatly stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of rat-bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs), while osteoclastogenesis is inhibited by ZA. Implantation of intramedullary nails to fix femur fracture in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats for up to 12 weeks demonstrates magnesium implants alone can enhance OPF repair through promoting callus formation compared to conventional stainless steel, while the combinatory treatment with local ZA release from implant coating further increases bone regeneration rate and callus size, remarkably improves bone quality and mechanical strength and suppresses osteoclasts and bone remodeling, due to the synergistic effect of both agents. The slow and uniform degradation of the implant ensures a steady decrease in bending force, which meets clinical requirements. In summary, biodegradable magnesium-based implants can locally co-deliver magnesium degradation products and zoledronic acid in a controlled manner, and can be superior alternatives for the reconstruction of osteoporosis-related fracture. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Management of osteoporotic fracture has posed a major challenge in orthopedics, as the imbalance between diminished osteogenesis and excessive bone remodeling often leads to delayed and compromised fracture repair. Among various efforts expended on augmenting osteoporotic fracture healing, herein we reported a new strategy by engineering and utilizing a biodegradable magnesium-based implant integrated with local drug delivery, specifically, zoledronic acid (ZA)-loaded polylactic acid/brushite bilayer coating on a biodegradable Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy (denoted as Mg/ZA/CaP), aiming to combine the favorable properties of Mg and zoledronic acid for simultaneous modulation of bone formation and bone resorption. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated its superior treatment efficacy along with adequate degradation. It stimulated new bone formation while suppressing remodeling, ascribed to the local release of magnesium degradation products and zoledronic acid. To our knowledge, the enhanced fracture repair capability of Mg-based implants was for the first time demonstrated in an osteoporotic fracture animal model. This innovative biodegradable Mg-based orthopedic implant presents great potential as a superior alternative to current internal fixation devices for treating osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyin Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Pei
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongqiang Hao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Segredo-Morales E, García-García P, Évora C, Delgado A. BMP delivery systems for bone regeneration: Healthy vs osteoporotic population. Review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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