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Wang L, Wang C, Huang C, Gao C, Wang B, He J, Yan Y. Dietary berberine against intestinal oxidative stress, inflammation response, and microbiota disturbance caused by chronic copper exposure in freshwater grouper (Acrossocheilus fasciatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108910. [PMID: 37385463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is known for its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and capacity to preserve intestinal microbiota balance in fish. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of berberine against copper-induced toxicity in the intestine of freshwater grouper Acrossocheilus fasciatus. The experiment involved four groups: a control group, a Cu group exposed to 0.02 mg/L Cu2+, and two BBR groups fed with 100 or 400 mg/kg of berberine diets and exposed to the same Cu2+ concentration. Three replicates of healthy fish (initial weight 1.56 ± 0.10 g) were subjected to their respective treatments for 30 days. Results showed that none of the treatments significantly affected the survival rate, final weight, weight gain, and feed intake (P > 0.05). However, supplementation with 100 and 400 mg/kg of BBR significantly lowered the antioxidant activities, and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and superoxide dismutase (sod) expression levels, as well as reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content caused by Cu2+ exposure (P < 0.05). Berberine inclusion significantly downregulated proinflammatory factors NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (nlrp3), interleukin 1 beta (il1β), interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer (il6st) but upregulated transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgfβ1) and heat shock 70kDa protein (hsp70) expression. Moreover, berberine at both levels maintained the intestinal structural integrity and significantly improved gap junction gamma-1 (gjc1) mRNA level compared to the Cu group (P < 0.05). Based on 16S rDNA sequencing, the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota in different groups were not significantly influenced. Berberine reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and stifled the growth of some specific pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, and Acinetobacter, while boosting the richness of potential probiotic bacteria, including Roseomonas and Reyranella compared with the Cu group. In conclusion, berberine showed significant protective effects against Cu2+-induced intestinal oxidative stress, inflammation response, and microbiota disturbance in freshwater grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Chenyang Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Chenchen Huang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Chang Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Jiang He
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Stock Enhancement, Fisheries Research Institution, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China.
| | - Yunzhi Yan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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Guillou A, Earley DF, Klingler S, Nisli E, Nüesch LJ, Fay R, Holland JP. The Influence of a Polyethylene Glycol Linker on the Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of a 89Zr-Radiolabeled Antibody. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1263-1275. [PMID: 34056896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most experimental work in the space of bioconjugation chemistry focuses on using new methods to construct covalent bonds between a cargo molecule and a protein of interest such as a monoclonal antibody (mAb). Bond formation is important for generating new diagnostic tools, yet when these compounds advance to preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, and later for translation to the clinic, understanding the fate of potential metabolites that arise from chemical or enzymatic degradation of the construct is important to obtain a full picture of the pharmacokinetic performance of a new compound. In the context of designing new bioconjugate methods for labeling antibodies with the positron-emitting radionuclide 89Zr, we previously developed a photochemical process for making 89Zr-mAbs. Experimental studies on [89Zr]ZrDFO-PEG3-azepin-mAb constructs revealed that incorporation of the tris-polyethylene glycol (PEG3) linker improved the aqueous phase solubility and radiochemical conversion. However, the use of a PEG3 linker also has an impact on the whole-body residence time of the construct, leading to a more rapid excretion of the 89Zr activity when compared with radiotracers that lack the PEG3 chain. In this work, we investigated the metabolic fate of eight possible metabolites that arise from the logical disconnection of [89Zr]ZrDFO-PEG3-azepin-mAb at bonds which are susceptible to chemical or enzymatic cleavage. Synthesis combined with 89Zr-radiolabeling, small-animal positron emission tomography imaging at multiple time points from 0 to 20 h, and measurements of the effective half-life for whole-body excretion are reported. The conclusions are that the use of a PEG3 linker is non-innocent in terms of its impact on enhancing the metabolism of [89Zr]ZrDFO-PEG3-azepin-mAbs. In most cases, degradation can produce metabolites that are rapidly eliminated from the body, thereby enhancing image contrast by reducing nonspecific accumulation and retention of 89Zr in background organs such as the liver, spleen, kidney, and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Guillou
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Earley
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Klingler
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eda Nisli
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura J Nüesch
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rachael Fay
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason P Holland
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Novel Polyoxyethylene-Containing Glycolipids Are Synthesized in Corynebacterium matruchotii and Mycobacterium smegmatis Cultured in the Presence of Tween 80. J Lipids 2010; 2011:676535. [PMID: 21490808 PMCID: PMC3066834 DOI: 10.1155/2011/676535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) to a culture of mycobacteria greatly influences cell permeability and sensitivity to antibiotics but very little is known regarding the underlying mechanism. Here we show that Corynebacterium matruchotii (surrogate of mycobacteria) converts Tween 80 to a structural series of polyoxyethylenic acids which are then used to form novel series-2A and series-2B glycolipids. Minor series-3 glycolipids were also synthesized. The polyoxyethylenic acids replaced corynomycolic acids in the cell wall. Correspondingly the trehalose dicorynomycolate content was reduced. MALDI mass spectrometry, MS-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR were used to characterize the series-2 glycolipids. Series-2A glycolipid is trehalose 6-C36:2-corynomycolate-6′-polyoxyethylenate and series-2B glycolipid is trehalose 6-C36:2-corynomycolate-6′-furan ring-containing polyoxyethylenate. Mycobacterium smegmatis grown in the presence of Tween 80 also synthesizes series-2 type glycolipids. The synthesis of these novel glycolipids in corynebacteria and mycobacteria should result in gross changes in the cell wall permeability and drug sensitivity.
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Involvement of PEG-carboxylate dehydrogenase and glutathione S-transferase in PEG metabolism by Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida strain 103. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 81:473-84. [PMID: 18719904 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingopyxis terrae and the Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida strains 103 and 203 are able to degrade polyethylene glycol (PEG). They possess the peg operon, which is responsible for the conversion of PEG to PEG-carboxylate-coenzyme A (CoA). The upstream (3.0 kb) and downstream (6.5 kb) regions of the operon in strain 103 were cloned and sequenced. The structure was well conserved between S. macrogoltabida strain 203 and S. terrae, except that two sets of transposases are absent in strain 203. The downstream region contains the genes for PEG-carboxylate dehydrogenase (PCDH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), tautomerase, and a hypothetical protein. The genes for pcdh and gst were transcribed constitutively and monocistronically, indicating that their transcription is independent of the operon regulation. PCDH and GST were expressed in Escherichia coli and characterized biochemically. PCDH is a homotetramer of 64-kDa subunits and contains one molecule of flavin adenine dinucleotide per subunit. The enzyme dehydrogenates PEG-carboxylate to yield glyoxylate, suggesting that the enzyme is the third enzyme involved in PEG degradation. GST is a homodimer of 28-kDa subunits. GST activity was noncompetitively inhibited by acyl-CoA and PEG-carboxylate-CoA, suggesting the interaction of GST with them. The proposed role for GST is to buffer the toxicity of PEG-carboxylate-CoA.
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