1
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Zhang J, Wang P, Wang J, Wei X, Wang M. Unveiling intratumoral microbiota: An emerging force for colorectal cancer diagnosis and therapy. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107185. [PMID: 38615875 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Microbes, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotic organisms, are commonly present in multiple organs of the human body and contribute significantly to both physiological and pathological processes. Nowadays, the development of sequencing technology has revealed the presence and composition of the intratumoral microbiota, which includes Fusobacterium, Bifidobacteria, and Bacteroides, and has shed light on the significant involvement in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we summarized the current understanding of the intratumoral microbiota in CRC and outline the potential translational and clinical applications in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CRC. We focused on reviewing the development of microbial therapies targeting the intratumoral microbiota to improve the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for CRC and to identify biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Finally, we emphasized the obstacles and potential solutions to translating the knowledge of the intratumoral microbiota into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Zhang
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Penghui Wang
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mengchuan Wang
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Cao Y, Xia H, Tan X, Shi C, Ma Y, Meng D, Zhou M, Lv Z, Wang S, Jin Y. Intratumoural microbiota: a new frontier in cancer development and therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:15. [PMID: 38195689 PMCID: PMC10776793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Human microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, play key roles in several physiological and pathological processes. Some studies discovered that tumour tissues once considered sterile actually host a variety of microorganisms, which have been confirmed to be closely related to oncogenesis. The concept of intratumoural microbiota was subsequently proposed. Microbiota could colonise tumour tissues through mucosal destruction, adjacent tissue migration, and hematogenic invasion and affect the biological behaviour of tumours as an important part of the tumour microenvironment. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that intratumoural microbiota potentially promote the initiation and progression of tumours by inducing genomic instability and mutations, affecting epigenetic modifications, promoting inflammation response, avoiding immune destruction, regulating metabolism, and activating invasion and metastasis. Since more comprehensive and profound insights about intratumoral microbiota are continuously emerging, new methods for the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of cancer patients have been under examination. In addition, interventions based on intratumoural microbiota show great potential to open a new chapter in antitumour therapy, especially immunotherapy, although there are some inevitable challenges. Here, we aim to provide an extensive review of the concept, development history, potential sources, heterogeneity, and carcinogenic mechanisms of intratumoural microorganisms, explore the potential role of microorganisms in tumour prognosis, and discuss current antitumour treatment regimens that target intratumoural microorganisms and the research prospects and limitations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Xueyun Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Daquan Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zhilei Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Sufei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
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3
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Moradi M, Ghaleh HEG, Bolandian M, Dorostkar R. New role of bacteriophages in medical oncology. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:2017-2024. [PMID: 37635625 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Targeted treatment of cancer is one of the most paramount approaches in cancer treatment. Despite significant advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment methods, there are still significant limitations and disadvantages in the field, including high costs, toxicity, and unwanted damage to healthy cells. The phage display technique is an innovative method for designing carriers containing exogenic peptides with cancer diagnostic and therapeutic properties. Bacteriophages possess unique properties making them effective in cancer treatment. These characteristics include the small size enabling them to penetrate vessels; having no pathogenicity to mammals; easy manipulation of their genetic information and surface proteins to introduce vaccines and drugs to cancer tissues; lower cost of large-scale production; and greater stimulation of the immune system. Bacteriophages will certainly play a more effective role in the future of medical oncology; however, studies are in the early stages of conception and require more extensive research. We aimed in this review to provide some related examples and bring insights into the potential of phages as targeted vectors for use in cancer diagnosis and treatment, especially regarding their capability in gene and drug delivery to cancer target cells, determination of tumor markers, and vaccine design to stimulate anticancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moradi
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoumeh Bolandian
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Dorostkar
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Molleston JM, Holtz LR. Fighting the Wrong Enemy: Antibacteriophage Immunity in Phage Therapy. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:309-310. [PMID: 36083993 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome M Molleston
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lori R Holtz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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5
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Elois MA, da Silva R, Pilati GVT, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Fongaro G. Bacteriophages as Biotechnological Tools. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020349. [PMID: 36851563 PMCID: PMC9963553 DOI: 10.3390/v15020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are ubiquitous organisms that can be specific to one or multiple strains of hosts, in addition to being the most abundant entities on the planet. It is estimated that they exceed ten times the total number of bacteria. They are classified as temperate, which means that phages can integrate their genome into the host genome, originating a prophage that replicates with the host cell and may confer immunity against infection by the same type of phage; and lytics, those with greater biotechnological interest and are viruses that lyse the host cell at the end of its reproductive cycle. When lysogenic, they are capable of disseminating bacterial antibiotic resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer. When professionally lytic-that is, obligately lytic and not recently descended from a temperate ancestor-they become allies in bacterial control in ecological imbalance scenarios; these viruses have a biofilm-reducing capacity. Phage therapy has also been advocated by the scientific community, given the uniqueness of issues related to the control of microorganisms and biofilm production when compared to other commonly used techniques. The advantages of using bacteriophages appear as a viable and promising alternative. This review will provide updates on the landscape of phage applications for the biocontrol of pathogens in industrial settings and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alves Elois
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Giulia Von Tönnemann Pilati
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Microbiology Division, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
- Research Centre for Emerging Pathogens and Global Health, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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6
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Colombarolli SG, Vitali A, Sciandra F. Extracellular Vesicle Molecular Profiling for Diagnostic Purposes: An Application of Phage Display Technology. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2578:237-247. [PMID: 36152292 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2732-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phage display is a molecular biology cloning technique that allows the expression of genes of interest along with the phage surface protein. The technique described for the following method used a genomic library for the expression of peptides composed of 12 amino acids, with the objective of selecting peptides which presented specific affinity to the molecules of interest. As a target, purified extracellular vesicles from cell cultures of cells 5637 and RT4 were chosen, which in turn have enormous application and can help to understand the functioning of bladder cancer, allowing the development of new vaccines, drugs, therapies, and diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Garcia Colombarolli
- National Research Council of Italy, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC-CNR), Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Vitali
- National Research Council of Italy, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sciandra
- National Research Council of Italy, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC-CNR), Rome, Italy
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7
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Perspectives on using bacteriophages in biogerontology research and interventions. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 366:110098. [PMID: 35995258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the development of materials engineering, gerontology-related research on new tools for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, including precision and personalised medicine, has expanded significantly. Using nanotechnology, drugs can be precisely delivered to organs, tissues, cells, and cell organelles, thereby enhancing their therapeutic effects. Here, we discuss the possible use of bacteriophages as nanocarriers that can improve the safety, efficiency, and sensitivity of conventional medical therapies. Phages are a new class of targeted-delivery vectors, which can carry high concentrations of cargo and protect other nontargeted cells from the senescent cell killing effects of senolytics. Bacteriophages can also be subjected to chemical and/or genetic modifications that would acquire novel properties and improve their ability to detect senescent cells and deliver senolytics. Phage research in experimental biogerontology will also develop strategies to efficiently deliver senolytics, target senescent cells, activate extrinsic apoptosis pathways in senescent cells, trigger immune cells to recognise senescent cells, induce autophagy, promote cell and tissue regeneration, inhibit senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) by senomorphic activity, stimulate the properties of mild stress-inducing hormetic agents and hormetins, and modulate the gut microbiome.
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8
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Sivaperumal P, Kamala K. Bacteriophages as novel tumor targeting therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cancer. Oral Oncol 2022; 133:106020. [PMID: 35853322 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pitchiah Sivaperumal
- Marine Biomedical Research Lab & Environmental Toxicology Unit, Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannan Kamala
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kabwe M, Dashper S, Tucci J. The Microbiome in Pancreatic Cancer-Implications for Diagnosis and Precision Bacteriophage Therapy for This Low Survival Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:871293. [PMID: 35663462 PMCID: PMC9160434 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.871293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the mortality rates for many cancers have decreased due to improved detection and treatments, that of pancreatic cancer remains stubbornly high. The microbiome is an important factor in the progression of many cancers. Greater understanding of the microbiome in pancreatic cancer patients, as well as its manipulation, may assist in diagnosis and treatment of this disease. In this report we reviewed studies that compared microbiome changes in pancreatic cancer patients and non-cancer patients. We then identified which bacterial genera were most increased in relative abundance across the oral, pancreatic, duodenal, and faecal tissue microbiomes. In light of these findings, we discuss the potential for utilising these bacteria as diagnostic biomarkers, as well as their potential control using precision targeting with bacteriophages, in instances where a causal oncogenic link is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwila Kabwe
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart Dashper
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph Tucci
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
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10
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Luo W, Guo S, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Wang M, Sang L, Chang B, Wang B. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: How the Gut Microbiota Contributes to Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:873160. [PMID: 35572649 PMCID: PMC9092458 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.873160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is gaining increasing attention, and the concept of the "gut-liver axis" is gradually being recognized. Leaky gut resulting from injury and/or inflammation can cause the translocation of flora to the liver. Microbiota-associated metabolites and components mediate the activation of a series of signalling pathways, thereby playing an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For this reason, targeting the gut microbiota in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of HCC holds great promise. In this review, we summarize the gut microbiota and the mechanisms by which it mediates HCC development, and the characteristic alterations in the gut microbiota during HCC pathogenesis. Furthermore, we propose several strategies to target the gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of HCC, including antibiotics, probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiqi Guo
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixuan Sang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Targeting the gut and tumor microbiota in cancer. Nat Med 2022; 28:690-703. [PMID: 35440726 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms within the gut and other niches may contribute to carcinogenesis, as well as shaping cancer immunosurveillance and response to immunotherapy. Our understanding of the complex relationship between different host-intrinsic microorganisms, as well as the multifaceted mechanisms by which they influence health and disease, has grown tremendously-hastening development of novel therapeutic strategies that target the microbiota to improve treatment outcomes in cancer. Accordingly, the evaluation of a patient's microbial composition and function and its subsequent targeted modulation represent key elements of future multidisciplinary and precision-medicine approaches. In this Review, we outline the current state of research toward harnessing the microbiome to better prevent and treat cancer.
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12
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Doublier S, Cirrincione S, Scardaci R, Botta C, Lamberti C, Di Giuseppe F, Angelucci S, Rantsiou K, Cocolin L, Pessione E. Putative probiotics decrease cell viability and enhance chemotherapy effectiveness in human cancer cells: role of butyrate and secreted proteins. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Veeranarayanan S, Azam AH, Kiga K, Watanabe S, Cui L. Bacteriophages as Solid Tumor Theragnostic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:402. [PMID: 35008840 PMCID: PMC8745063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, especially the solid tumor sub-set, poses considerable challenges to modern medicine owing to the unique physiological characteristics and substantial variations in each tumor's microenvironmental niche fingerprints. Though there are many treatment methods available to treat solid tumors, still a considerable loss of life happens, due to the limitation of treatment options and the outcomes of ineffective treatments. Cancer cells evolve with chemo- or radiation-treatment strategies and later show adaptive behavior, leading to failed treatment. These challenges demand tailored and individually apt personalized treatment methods. Bacteriophages (or phages) and phage-based theragnostic vectors are gaining attention in the field of modern cancer medicine, beyond their bactericidal ability. With the invention of the latest techniques to fine-tune phages, such as in the field of genetic engineering, synthetic assembly methods, phage display, and chemical modifications, noteworthy progress in phage vector research for safe cancer application has been realized, including use in pre-clinical studies. Herein, we discuss the distinct fingerprints of solid tumor physiology and the potential for bacteriophage vectors to exploit specific tumor features for improvised tumor theragnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi 3290498, Japan; (S.V.); (A.H.A.); (K.K.); (S.W.)
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14
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Miernikiewicz P, Dąbrowska K. Endocytosis of Bacteriophages. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 52:229-235. [PMID: 34968792 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis is used by eukaryotic cells for ingesting external objects. Importantly, endocytosis is a major process that determines phage pharmacokinetics in vivo. Either dissemination of phages throughout the system or phage clearance engages cellular uptake of phage particles. Here we discuss phage uptake by mammalian cells, focusing on mechanisms and pathways involved. Of note, cellular uptake of phage virions was first observed in professional phagocytes, such as macrophages or granulocytes. For this reason, it was historically referred to as 'phagocytosis'. The modern definition of phagocytosis, however, identifies this process as a type of endocytosis within a larger repertoire of endocytic pathways, such as macropinocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and caveolar endocytosis, which have all been included in the scope of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Department of Phage Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, 53-114, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Department of Phage Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, 53-114, Poland.
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15
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Marongiu L, Allgayer H. Viruses in colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1423-1450. [PMID: 34514694 PMCID: PMC8978519 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that microorganisms might represent at least highly interesting cofactors in colorectal cancer (CRC) oncogenesis and progression. Still, associated mechanisms, specifically in colonocytes and their microenvironmental interactions, are still poorly understood. Although, currently, at least seven viruses are being recognized as human carcinogens, only three of these – Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV) and John Cunningham virus (JCV) – have been described, with varying levels of evidence, in CRC. In addition, cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been associated with CRC in some publications, albeit not being a fully acknowledged oncovirus. Moreover, recent microbiome studies set increasing grounds for new hypotheses on bacteriophages as interesting additional modulators in CRC carcinogenesis and progression. The present Review summarizes how particular groups of viruses, including bacteriophages, affect cells and the cellular and microbial microenvironment, thereby putatively contributing to foster CRC. This could be achieved, for example, by promoting several processes – such as DNA damage, chromosomal instability, or molecular aspects of cell proliferation, CRC progression and metastasis – not necessarily by direct infection of epithelial cells only, but also by interaction with the microenvironment of infected cells. In this context, there are striking common features of EBV, CMV, HPV and JCV that are able to promote oncogenesis, in terms of establishing latent infections and affecting p53‐/pRb‐driven, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐/EGFR‐associated and especially Wnt/β‐catenin‐driven pathways. We speculate that, at least in part, such viral impacts on particular pathways might be reflected in lasting (e.g. mutational or further genomic) fingerprints of viruses in cells. Also, the complex interplay between several species within the intestinal microbiome, involving a direct or indirect impact on colorectal and microenvironmental cells but also between, for example, phages and bacterial and viral pathogens, and further novel species certainly might, in part, explain ongoing difficulties to establish unequivocal monocausal links between specific viral infections and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marongiu
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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16
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Kabwe M, Dashper S, Bachrach G, Tucci J. Bacteriophage manipulation of the microbiome associated with tumour microenvironments-can this improve cancer therapeutic response? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6188389. [PMID: 33765142 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Some cancer treatment failures have been attributed to the tumour microbiota, with implications that microbiota manipulation may improve treatment efficacy. While antibiotics have been used to control bacterial growth, their dysbiotic effects on the microbiome, failure to penetrate biofilms and decreased efficacy due to increasing antimicrobial resistance by bacteria, suggest alternatives are needed. Bacteriophages may provide a precise means for targeting oncobacteria whose relative abundance is increased in tumour tissue microbiomes. Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Parvimonas, and Treponema species are prevalent in tumour tissue microbiomes of some cancers. They may promote cancer growth by dampening immunity, stimulating release of proinflammatory cytokines, and directly interacting with cancer cells to stimulate proliferation. Lytic bacteriophages against some of these oncobacteria have been isolated and characterised. The search continues for others. The possibility exists for their testing as adjuncts to complement existing therapies. In this review, we highlight the role of oncobacteria, specifically those whose relative abundance in the intra-tumour microbiome is increased, and discuss the potential for bacteriophages against these micro-organisms to augment existing cancer therapies. The capacity for bacteriophages to modulate immunity and kill specific bacteria makes them suitable candidates to manipulate the tumour microbiome and negate the effects of these oncobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwila Kabwe
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Sharon St. Bendigo, Victoria 3550, Australia
| | - Stuart Dashper
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gilad Bachrach
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, PO Box 12272, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Joseph Tucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Sharon St. Bendigo, Victoria 3550, Australia
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17
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Abd-Allah IM, El-Housseiny GS, Yahia IS, Aboshanab KM, Hassouna NA. Rekindling of a Masterful Precedent; Bacteriophage: Reappraisal and Future Pursuits. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:635597. [PMID: 34136415 PMCID: PMC8201069 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.635597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is exuberantly becoming a deleterious health problem world-wide. Seeking innovative approaches is necessary in order to circumvent such a hazard. An unconventional fill-in to antibiotics is bacteriophage. Bacteriophages are viruses capable of pervading bacterial cells and disrupting their natural activity, ultimately resulting in their defeat. In this article, we will run-through the historical record of bacteriophage and its correlation with bacteria. We will also delineate the potential of bacteriophage as a therapeutic antibacterial agent, its supremacy over antibiotics in multiple aspects and the challenges that could arise on the way to its utilization in reality. Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and genetic engineering of bacteriophages and its proteins will be briefly discussed as well. In addition, we will highlight some of the in-use applications of bacteriophages, and set an outlook for their future ones. We will also overview some of the miscellaneous abilities of these tiny viruses in several fields other than the clinical one. This is an attempt to encourage tackling a long-forgotten hive. Perhaps, one day, the smallest of the creatures would be of the greatest help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa M. Abd-Allah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S. El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim S. Yahia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Bio-Medical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Lab., Metallurgical Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia A. Hassouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Abbaszadeh F, Leylabadlo HE, Alinezhad F, Feizi H, Mobed A, Baghbanijavid S, Baghi HB. Bacteriophages: cancer diagnosis, treatment, and future prospects. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-020-00503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Hwang YJ, Myung H. Engineered Bacteriophage T7 as a Potent Anticancer Agent in vivo. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:491001. [PMID: 33072000 PMCID: PMC7541933 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.491001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) induce antitumor effect by both direct lysis of target cells and eliciting immunogenic response to the virus and ultimately to the target cells. These viruses are usually natural human pathogens. Bacteriophages are natural pathogens of bacteria that do not infect human and have greater advantages in safety, manipulation, and production over human viruses. We constructed an engineered bacteriophage T7 displaying a peptide, which targets murine melanoma cells and harbors a mammalian expression cassette of the cytokine granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in viral genomic DNA. The engineered phage was successfully transduced to B16F10 melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. GM-CSF was expressed from the transduced phage DNA. All mice treated with the phage intravenously survived for 25 days until the end of experiment, while only 40% of those not treated survived. During the 16 days of phage treatment, phage T7 displaying homing peptide and expressing GM-CSF inhibited tumor growth by 72% compared to the untreated control. Serum cytokine levels of IL-1α, TNF-α, and GM-CSF were seen to increase during the treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissue revealed infiltration by macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and CD8+ T cells. Migration of murine macrophages to bacteriophages was also observed in in vitro transwell assays in both time- and dose-dependent manners. Taken together, the recombinant bacteriophage T7 efficiently inhibited tumor growth by changing the tumor microenvironment and recruiting anti-tumor immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Hwang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yong-In, South Korea.,Bacteriophage Bank of Korea, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yong-In, South Korea
| | - Heejoon Myung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yong-In, South Korea.,Bacteriophage Bank of Korea, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yong-In, South Korea.,LyseNTech, Yong-In, South Korea
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20
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Kaźmierczak Z, Szostak-Paluch K, Przybyło M, Langner M, Witkiewicz W, Jędruchniewicz N, Dąbrowska K. Endocytosis in cellular uptake of drug delivery vectors: Molecular aspects in drug development. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115556. [PMID: 32828419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery vectors are widely applied to increase drug efficacy while reducing the side effects and potential toxicity of a drug. They allow for patient-tailored therapy, dose titration, and therapeutic drug monitoring. A major part of drug delivery systems makes use of large nanocarriers: liposomes or virus-like particles (VLPs). These systems allow for a relatively large amount of cargo with good stability of vectors, and they offer multiple options for targeting vectors in vivo. Here we discuss endocytic pathways that are available for drug delivery by large nanocarriers. We focus on molecular aspects of the process, including an overview of potential molecular targets for studies of drug delivery vectors and for future solutions allowing targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamila Szostak-Paluch
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialized Hospital, Wrocław, Poland; Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Technical Problems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Przybyło
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Technical Problems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław, Poland; Lipid Systems sp z o.o., Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Langner
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Technical Problems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław, Poland; Lipid Systems sp z o.o., Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Witkiewicz
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialized Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland; Research and Development Center, Regional Specialized Hospital, Wrocław, Poland.
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21
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Toker J, Arora R, Wargo JA. The Microbiome in Immuno-oncology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1244:325-334. [PMID: 32301026 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41008-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The field of cancer therapy has been revolutionized through the use of immunotherapy, and treatment with these therapies now spans from early to late stage, and even into prevention. However, there are still a significant proportion of patients who do not derive long-term benefit from monotherapy and even combined therapy regimens, and novel approaches are needed to enhance therapeutic responses. Additionally, ideal biomarkers of response to immunotherapy are lacking and are critically needed. An emerging area of interest in immuno-oncology (IO) is the microbiome, which refers to the collection of microbes (and their genomes) that inhabit an individual and live in symbiosis. There is now evidence that these microbes (particularly those within the gut) impact host physiology and can impact responses to immunotherapy. The field of microbiome research in immuno-oncology is quickly emerging, with the potential use of the microbiome (in the gut as well as in the tumor) as a biomarker for response to IO as well as a therapeutic target. Notably, the microbiome may even have a role in toxicity to therapy. The state of the science in microbiome and IO are discussed and caveats and future directions are outlined to provide insights as we move forward as a field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Toker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reetakshi Arora
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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22
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Smulski S, Turlewicz-Podbielska H, Wylandowska A, Włodarek J. Non-antibiotic Possibilities in Prevention and Treatment of Calf Diarrhoea. J Vet Res 2020; 64:119-126. [PMID: 32258808 PMCID: PMC7105995 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance and the consumers' tendency to choose organic products, cattle farmers are interested in alternative methods of calf diarrhoea treatment. This is a major challenge for veterinarians. Few methods of non-antibiotic treatment that bring satisfactory results have been reported in the related literature so far. In this article, the authors compare different non-antibiotic methods of diarrhoea prevention and treatment in calves. Among the alternatives discussed are herbs, probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics, lactoferrin, and bacteriophages. It was found that the best results could be achieved through the use of pro-, pre- and synbiotics. However, the authors would like to point out that with the expansion of knowledge about the practical use of broad-scale bacteriophages, they could be the best alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Turlewicz-Podbielska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Wylandowska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Włodarek
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637Poznań, Poland
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23
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Dąbrowska K, Abedon ST. Pharmacologically Aware Phage Therapy: Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Obstacles to Phage Antibacterial Action in Animal and Human Bodies. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2019; 83:e00012-19. [PMID: 31666296 PMCID: PMC6822990 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00012-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of viruses infecting bacteria (bacteriophages or phages) to treat bacterial infections has been ongoing clinically for approximately 100 years. Despite that long history, the growing international crisis of resistance to standard antibiotics, abundant anecdotal evidence of efficacy, and one successful modern clinical trial of efficacy, this phage therapy is not yet a mainstream approach in medicine. One explanation for why phage therapy has not been subject to more widespread implementation is that phage therapy research, both preclinical and clinical, can be insufficiently pharmacologically aware. Consequently, here we consider the pharmacological obstacles to phage therapy effectiveness, with phages in phage therapy explicitly being considered to serve as drug equivalents. The study of pharmacology has traditionally been differentiated into pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects. We therefore separately consider the difficulties that phages as virions can have in traveling through body compartments toward reaching their target bacteria (pharmacokinetics) and the difficulties that phages can have in exerting antibacterial activity once they have reached those bacteria (pharmacodynamics). The latter difficulties, at least in part, are functions of phage host range and bacterial resistance to phages. Given the apparently low toxicity of phages and the minimal side effects of phage therapy as practiced, phage therapy should be successful so long as phages can reach the targeted bacteria in sufficiently high numbers, adsorb, and then kill those bacteria. Greater awareness of what obstacles to this success generally or specifically can exist, as documented in this review, should aid in the further development of phage therapy toward wider use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stephen T Abedon
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Mansfield, Ohio, USA
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24
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Stern J, Miller G, Li X, Saxena D. Virome and bacteriome: two sides of the same coin. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 37:37-43. [PMID: 31177014 PMCID: PMC6768692 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although bacterial dysbiosis has been previously associated with carcinogenesis and HIV infection, the impact of the virome and these disease states has been less well studied. In this review, we will summarize what is known about the interplay between both the bacterial and the viral components of the microbiome on cancer and HIV pathogenesis. Bacterial dysbiosis has been associated with carcinogenesis such as colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lung cancer, breast cancer, and gastric cancer. The dysbiotic pathogenesis may be species-based or community-based and can have varying mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The human virome was also associated with certain cancers. Viruses, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), all had associations with cancers. It was also reported that an altered bacteriophage community may lead to carcinogenesis by allowing opportunistic, oncogenic bacteria to proliferate in a gastrointestinal biofilm. This mechanism shows the importance of analyzing the bacteriome and the virome concurrently as their interactions can provide insight into new mechanisms in the pathogenesis of not only cancer, but other diseases as well. The enteric bacteriome was shown to be distinctly altered in immunocompromised HIV-infected individuals, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was shown to at least partially reverse the alterations that HIV causes in the bacteriome. Studies have shown that the progression to HIV is associated with changes in the plasma concentration of commensal viruses. HIV also acts synergistically with multiple other viruses, such as HPV, EBV, varicella zoster virus (VZV), and HHV-8. Although it has been shown that HIV infection leads to enteric virome expansion in humans, most of the research on HIV's effect on the virome was conducted in non-human primates, and there is a lack of research on the effect of HAART on the virome. Virome-wide analysis is necessary for identifying novel viral etiologies. There is currently a wealth of information on the bacteriome and its associations with cancer and HIV, but more research should be conducted on the virome's associations and reaction to HAART as well as the bacteriome-virome interactions that may play a major role in pathogenesis and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stern
- Department of Basic Science, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, United States
| | - George Miller
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Departments of Surgery, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Basic Science, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, United States
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Basic Science, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, United States; S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Departments of Surgery, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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25
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Hodyra-Stefaniak K, Lahutta K, Majewska J, Kaźmierczak Z, Lecion D, Harhala M, Kęska W, Owczarek B, Jończyk-Matysiak E, Kłopot A, Miernikiewicz P, Kula D, Górski A, Dąbrowska K. Bacteriophages engineered to display foreign peptides may become short-circulating phages. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:730-741. [PMID: 31037835 PMCID: PMC6559017 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages draw scientific attention in medicine and biotechnology, including phage engineering, widely used to shape biological properties of bacteriophages. We developed engineered T4-derived bacteriophages presenting seven types of tissue-homing peptides. We evaluated phage accumulation in targeted tissues, spleen, liver and phage circulation in blood (in mice). Contrary to expectations, accumulation of engineered bacteriophages in targeted organs was not observed, but instead, three engineered phages achieved tissue titres up to 2 orders of magnitude lower than unmodified T4. This correlated with impaired survival of these phages in the circulation. Thus, engineering of T4 phage resulted in the short-circulating phage phenotype. We found that the complement system inactivated engineered phages significantly more strongly than unmodified T4, while no significant differences in phages' susceptibility to phagocytosis or immunogenicity were found. The short-circulating phage phenotype of the engineered phages suggests that natural phages, at least those propagating on commensal bacteria of animals and humans, are naturally optimized to escape rapid neutralization by the immune system. In this way, phages remain active for longer when inside mammalian bodies, thus increasing their chance of propagating on commensal bacteria. The effect of phage engineering on phage pharmacokinetics should be considered in phage design for medical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hodyra-Stefaniak
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Lahutta
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Harhala
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Weronika Kęska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kłopot
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dominika Kula
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
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26
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Ferreira D, Silva AP, Nobrega FL, Martins IM, Barbosa-Matos C, Granja S, Martins SF, Baltazar F, Rodrigues LR. Rational Identification of a Colorectal Cancer Targeting Peptide through Phage Display. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3958. [PMID: 30850705 PMCID: PMC6408488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the absence of early clinical indicators. Hence, the identification of new targeting molecules is crucial for an early detection and development of targeted therapies. This study aimed to identify and characterize novel peptides specific for the colorectal cancer cell line RKO using a phage-displayed peptide library. After four rounds of selection plus a negative step with normal colorectal cells, CCD-841-CoN, there was an obvious phage enrichment that specifically bound to RKO cells. Cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to assess the most specific peptides leading to the selection of the peptide sequence CPKSNNGVC. Through fluorescence microscopy and cytometry, the synthetic peptide RKOpep was shown to specifically bind to RKO cells, as well as to other human colorectal cancer cells including Caco-2, HCT 116 and HCT-15, but not to the normal non-cancer cells. Moreover, it was shown that RKOpep specifically targeted human colorectal cancer cell tissues. A bioinformatics analysis suggested that the RKOpep targets the monocarboxylate transporter 1, which has been implicated in colorectal cancer progression and prognosis, proven through gene knockdown approaches and shown by immunocytochemistry co-localization studies. The peptide herein identified can be a potential candidate for targeted therapies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Ferreira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,MIT-Portugal Program, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana P Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Franklin L Nobrega
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Ivone M Martins
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina Barbosa-Matos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara Granja
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandra F Martins
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Surgery Department, Coloproctology Unit, Braga Hospital, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ligia R Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,MIT-Portugal Program, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Bacteriocins and Bacteriophages: Therapeutic Weapons for Gastrointestinal Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010183. [PMID: 30621339 PMCID: PMC6337595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are bactericidal peptides, ribosomally synthesized, with an inhibitory activity against diverse groups of undesirable microorganisms. Bacteriocins are produced by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and to a lesser extent by some archaea. Bacteriophages are viruses that are able to infect bacterial cells and force them to produce viral components, using a lytic or lysogenic cycle. They constitute a large community in the human gut called the phageome, the most abundant part of the gut virome. Bacteriocins and bacteriophages may have an influence on both human health and diseases, thanks to their ability to modulate the gut microbiota and regulate the competitive relationship among the different microorganisms, strains and cells living in the human intestine. In this review, we explore the role of bacteriocins and bacteriophages in the most frequent gastrointestinal diseases by dissecting their interaction with the complex environment of the human gut, analyzing a possible link with extra-intestinal diseases, and speculating on their possible therapeutic application with the end goal of promoting gut health.
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Górski A, Jończyk-Matysiak E, Łusiak-Szelachowska M, Międzybrodzki R, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Borysowski J, Letkiewicz S, Bagińska N, Sfanos KS. Phage Therapy in Prostatitis: Recent Prospects. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1434. [PMID: 30008710 PMCID: PMC6034095 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostatitis has various etiology including bacterial infection and dysregulated immunity; some of its forms remain a serious therapeutic challenge. Inflammation occurs in all forms of this disorder and is proposed to predispose to the development of prostate cancer (PC). There are reports that phage therapy is effective in chronic bacterial prostatitis. Recent findings suggest that phages not only eliminate bacteria, but also mediate immunomodulating (for example, anti-inflammatory) functions. The immunomodulating effects of phages could be beneficial in treating all forms of prostatitis and play some role in the prevention of the development of PC. As the etiological factors contributing to the majority of prostatitis cases remains largely unknown, and management options are often likewise limited, phage therapy merits further research as an attractive therapeutic option given its immunomodulating effects irrespective of the underlying causative factor(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marzanna Łusiak-Szelachowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ryszard Międzybrodzki
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Weber-Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Borysowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Letkiewicz
- Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Medical Sciences Institute, Katowice School of Economics, Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Bagińska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Górski A, Międzybrodzki R, Jończyk-Matysiak E, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Bagińska N, Borysowski J. Perspectives of Phage-Eukaryotic Cell Interactions to Control Epstein-Barr Virus Infections. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:630. [PMID: 29666617 PMCID: PMC5891836 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, leading medical journals emphasized the importance of further studies on the potential application of bacterial viruses (phages) for the treatment of antibiotics-resistant infections outlining the present status of the therapy and perspectives for the future. Furthermore, a leading scientific journal pointed to the recent progress in research on phage interactions with eukaryotic cells (especially cells of the immune system) and potential implications of their results for our broader understanding of the role of phages – not only as “bacteria eaters” – but also as an important part of our body defense protecting against external and internal pathogenic invaders (as suggested previously). This illustrates how our understanding of the actual role and potential of phages is expanding and how worldwide interest in their use in medicine is growing. In this article we envision how this advancement of our knowledge about phages could be translated into the progress in combating herpesvirus infections especially those caused by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Międzybrodzki
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Weber-Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natalia Bagińska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Borysowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Lee KL, Murray AA, Le DHT, Sheen MR, Shukla S, Commandeur U, Fiering S, Steinmetz NF. Combination of Plant Virus Nanoparticle-Based in Situ Vaccination with Chemotherapy Potentiates Antitumor Response. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17. [PMID: 28650644 PMCID: PMC5623935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapeutics are gaining more traction in the armamentarium used to combat cancer. Specifically, in situ vaccination strategies have gained interest because of their ability to alter the tumor microenvironment to an antitumor state. Herein, we investigate whether flexuous plant virus-based nanoparticles formed by the potato virus X (PVX) can be used as an immunotherapeutic for in situ vaccine monotherapy. We further developed dual chemo-immunotherapeutics by incorporating doxorubicin (DOX) into PVX yielding a dual-functional nanoparticle (PVX-DOX) or by coadministration of the two therapeutic regimes, PVX immunotherapy and DOX chemotherapy (PVX+DOX). In the context of B16F10 melanoma, PVX was able to elicit delayed tumor progression when administered as an intratumoral in situ vaccine. Furthermore, the coadministration of DOX via PVX+DOX enhanced the response of the PVX monotherapy through increased survival, which was also represented in the enhanced antitumor cytokine/chemokine profile stimulated by PVX+DOX when compared to PVX or DOX alone. Importantly, coadministered PVX+DOX was better for in situ vaccination than PVX loaded with DOX (PVX-DOX). Whereas the nanomedicine field strives to design multifunctional nanoparticles that integrate several functions and therapeutic regimens into a single nanoparticle, our data suggest a paradigm shift; some therapeutics may need to be administered separately to synergize and achieve the most potent therapeutic outcome. Altogether, our studies show that development of plant viral nanoparticles for in situ vaccines for treatment is a possibility, and dual mechanistic therapeutics can increase efficacy. Nonetheless, combining immunotherapeutics with cytolytic chemotherapy requires detailed investigation to inform optimal integration of cytolytic and immunotherapies and maximize synergy and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin L. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Abner A. Murray
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Duc H. T. Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Mee Rie Sheen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH-Aachen University, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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Aghebati-Maleki L, Bakhshinejad B, Baradaran B, Motallebnezhad M, Aghebati-Maleki A, Nickho H, Yousefi M, Majidi J. Phage display as a promising approach for vaccine development. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:66. [PMID: 27680328 PMCID: PMC5041315 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are specific antagonists to bacterial hosts. These viral entities have attracted growing interest as optimal vaccine delivery vehicles. Phages are well-matched for vaccine design due to being highly stable under harsh environmental conditions, simple and inexpensive large scale production, and potent adjuvant capacities. Phage vaccines have efficient immunostimulatory effects and present a high safety profile because these viruses have made a constant relationship with the mammalian body during a long-standing evolutionary period. The birth of phage display technology has been a turning point in the development of phage-based vaccines. Phage display vaccines are made by expressing multiple copies of an antigen on the surface of immunogenic phage particles, thereby eliciting a powerful and effective immune response. Also, the ability to produce combinatorial peptide libraries with a highly diverse pool of randomized ligands has transformed phage display into a straightforward, versatile and high throughput screening methodology for the identification of potential vaccine candidates against different diseases in particular microbial infections. These libraries can be conveniently screened through an affinity selection-based strategy called biopanning against a wide variety of targets for the selection of mimotopes with high antigenicity and immunogenicity. Also, they can be panned against the antiserum of convalescent individuals to recognize novel peptidomimetics of pathogen-related epitopes. Phage display has represented enormous promise for finding new strategies of vaccine discovery and production and current breakthroughs promise a brilliant future for the development of different phage-based vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Jafar Majidi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Silva VL, Ferreira D, Nobrega FL, Martins IM, Kluskens LD, Rodrigues LR. Selection of Novel Peptides Homing the 4T1 CELL Line: Exploring Alternative Targets for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161290. [PMID: 27548261 PMCID: PMC4993384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of bacteriophages to select novel ligands has been widely explored for cancer therapy. Their application is most warranted in cancer subtypes lacking knowledge on how to target the cancer cells in question, such as the triple negative breast cancer, eventually leading to the development of alternative nanomedicines for cancer therapeutics. Therefore, the following study aimed to select and characterize novel peptides for a triple negative breast cancer murine mammary carcinoma cell line– 4T1. Using phage display, 7 and 12 amino acid random peptide libraries were screened against the 4T1 cell line. A total of four rounds, plus a counter-selection round using the 3T3 murine fibroblast cell line, was performed. The enriched selective peptides were characterized and their binding capacity towards 4T1 tissue samples was confirmed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis. The selected peptides (4T1pep1 –CPTASNTSC and 4T1pep2—EVQSSKFPAHVS) were enriched over few rounds of selection and exhibited specific binding to the 4T1 cell line. Interestingly, affinity to the human MDA-MB-231 cell line was also observed for both peptides, promoting the translational application of these novel ligands between species. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis suggested that both peptides target human Mucin-16. This protein has been implicated in different types of cancer, as it is involved in many important cellular functions. This study strongly supports the need of finding alternative targeting systems for TNBC and the peptides herein selected exhibit promising future application as novel homing peptides for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera L. Silva
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Debora Ferreira
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Franklin L. Nobrega
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ivone M. Martins
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Leon D. Kluskens
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ligia R. Rodrigues
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Serwer P, Wright ET, Chang JT, Liu X. Enhancing and initiating phage-based therapies. BACTERIOPHAGE 2014; 4:e961869. [PMID: 26713220 PMCID: PMC4588221 DOI: 10.4161/21597073.2014.961869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug development has typically been a primary foundation of strategy for systematic, long-range management of pathogenic cells. However, drug development is limited in speed and flexibility when response is needed to changes in pathogenic cells, especially changes that produce drug-resistance. The high replication speed and high diversity of phages are potentially useful for increasing both response speed and response flexibility when changes occur in either drug resistance or other aspects of pathogenic cells. We present strategy, with some empirical details, for (1) using modern molecular biology and biophysics to access these advantages during the phage therapy of bacterial infections, and (2) initiating use of phage capsid-based drug delivery vehicles (DDVs) with procedures that potentially overcome both drug resistance and other present limitations in the use of DDVs for the therapy of neoplasms. The discussion of phage therapy includes (a) historical considerations, (b) changes that appear to be needed in clinical tests if use of phage therapy is to be expanded, (c) recent work on novel phages and its potential use for expanding the capabilities of phage therapy and (d) an outline for a strategy that encompasses both theory and practice for expanding the applications of phage therapy. The discussion of DDVs starts by reviewing current work on DDVs, including work on both liposomal and viral DDVs. The discussion concludes with some details of the potential use of permeability constrained phage capsids as DDVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Serwer
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Texas Health Science Center; San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Elena T Wright
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Texas Health Science Center; San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Juan T Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX USA
| | - Xiangan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX USA
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Phenotypic evolution of therapeutic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium after invasion of TRAMP mouse prostate tumor. mBio 2014; 5:e01182-14. [PMID: 24987088 PMCID: PMC4161240 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01182-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella has been of interest in cancer research due to its intrinsic ability to selectively target and colonize within tumors, leading to tumor cell death. Current research indicates promising use of Salmonella in regular administrations to remove tumors in mouse models while minimizing toxic side effects. However, selection of mutants during such long-term tumor colonization is a safety concern, and understanding selection of certain phenotypes within a tumor is an important consideration in predicting the long-term success of bacterium-based cancer treatment strategies. Thus, we have made an initial examination of selected phenotypes in a therapeutic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium population developed from an archival wild-type LT2 strain and intraperitoneally injected into a 6-month-old TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate) mouse. We compared the original injected strain to isolates recovered from prostate tumors and those recovered from the spleen and liver of non-tumor-bearing TRAMP mice through phenotypic assessments of bacteriophage susceptibility, motility, growth rates, morphology, and metabolic activity. Tumor isolate traits, particularly the loss of wild-type motility and flagella, reflect the selective pressure of the tumor, while the maintenance of bacteriophage resistance indicates no active selection to remove this robust trait. We posit that the Salmonella population adopts certain strategies to minimize energy consumption and maximize survival and proliferation once within the tumor. We find these insights to be nonnegligible considerations in the development of cancer therapies involving bacteria and suggest further examinations into the evolution of therapeutic strains during passage through tumors. Salmonella is of interest in cancer research due to its intrinsic abilities to selectively target, colonize, and replicate within tumors, leading to tumor cell death. However, mutation of strains during long-term colonization within tumors is a safety concern, and understanding their evolution within a tumor is an important consideration in predicting the long-term success of bacterium-based cancer treatment strategies. Thus, we have made an initial examination of phenotypically diverse Salmonella colonies recovered from a therapeutic Salmonella strain that we developed and injected into prostate tumor-bearing mice. We compared the bacteriophage susceptibility, motility, growth rates, morphology, and metabolic activity of the original therapeutic strain to those of strains recovered from prostate tumors of tumor-bearing mice and the liver and spleen of non-tumor-bearing mice. Our results suggest that the Salmonella population adopts certain strategies to minimize energy consumption and maximize survival and proliferation once within the tumor, leading to phenotypic changes in the strain.
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Rethinking the composition of a rational antibiotic arsenal for the 21st century. Future Med Chem 2014; 5:1231-42. [PMID: 23859205 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the human microbiome in health may be the single most valuable development in our conception of the microbial world since Pasteur's germ theory of the 1860s. Its implications for our understanding of health and pathogenesis are profound. Coupled with the revolution in diagnostics that we are now witnessing - a revolution that changes medicine from a science of symptoms to a science of causes - we cannot continue to develop antibiotics as we have for the past 80 years. Instead, we need to usher in a new conception of the role of antibiotics in treatment: away from single molecules that target broad phylogenetic spectra and towards targeted molecules that cripple the pathogen while leaving the rest of the microbiome largely intact.
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Aviram I, Rabinovitch A. Bacteria and lytic phage coexistence in a chemostat with periodic nutrient supply. Bull Math Biol 2013; 76:225-44. [PMID: 24222038 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-013-9917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of bacteria and bacteriophage coexistence was examined in a chemostat in which the externally driven supply of nutrient for bacteria, and washout rate oscillates periodically. The proposed mathematical model for three interacting variables, bacteria, phage, and nutrient, consists of 3 differential equations with time delay, due to the phage latent period of lysing. The study was carried out in an interval of physical parameters where an equivalent model with constant supply of nutrient and washout rate is mathematically unstable, running in limit cycle regimes, with known self-frequencies. It addresses mainly the asymptotically persistent dynamics of the system.Bifurcation maps in terms of two externally controlled parameters, the amplitude and frequency of the controlled nutrient supply were constructed for various latent lysis periods, in order to determine the frequency entrainment, i.e., the resulting main operating frequency of the system, relative to the known external and self-frequencies. Also presented are bifurcation maps for the rich variety of dynamical types observed in the study. Bifurcation diagrams in terms of the lysing time delay were also included for completion.A new type of entrainment, combining in a simple way the external and self-periods (reciprocal frequencies), is shown to exist for a range of parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Aviram
- Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel,
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SARTIKA DEWI, BUDIARTI SRI, SUDARWANTO MIRNAWATI. Phage FR38 Treatment on Sprague Dawley Rat Inferred from Blood Parameters and Organ Systems. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.19.3.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Pirnay JP, Verbeken G, Rose T, Jennes S, Zizi M, Huys I, Lavigne R, Merabishvili M, Vaneechoutte M, Buckling A, De Vos D. Introducing yesterday’s phage therapy in today’s medicine. Future Virol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide emergence of ‘superbugs’ and a dry antibiotic pipeline threaten modern society with a return to the preantibiotic era. Phages – the viruses of bacteria – could help fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Phage therapy was first attempted in 1919 by Felix d’Herelle and was commercially developed in the 1930s before being replaced by antibiotics in most of the western world. The current antibiotic crisis fueled a worldwide renaissance of phage therapy. The inherent potential of phages as natural biological bacterium controllers can only be put to use if the potential of the coevolutionary aspect of the couplet phage–bacterium is fully acknowledged and understood, including potential negative consequences. We must learn from past mistakes and set up credible studies to gather the urgently required data with regard to the efficacy of phage therapy and the evolutionary consequences of its (unlimited) use. Unfortunately, our current pharmaceutical economic model, implying costly and time-consuming medicinal product development and marketing, and requiring strong intellectual property protection, is not compatible with traditional sustainable phage therapy. A specific framework with realistic production and documentation requirements, which allows a timely (rapid) supply of safe, tailor-made, natural bacteriophages to patients, should be developed. Ultimately, economic models should be radically reshaped to cater for more sustainable approaches such as phage therapy. This is one of the biggest challenges faced by modern medicine and society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular & Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Verbeken
- Laboratory for Molecular & Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Rose
- Laboratory for Molecular & Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Jennes
- Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Zizi
- Well Being Department, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiology, Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Huys
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, Centre for Pharmaceutical Care & Pharmacoeconomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Intellectual Property Rights, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maia Merabishvili
- Laboratory for Molecular & Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Bacteriology Research, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology, & Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mario Vaneechoutte
- Laboratory of Bacteriology Research, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Angus Buckling
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Daniel De Vos
- Laboratory for Molecular & Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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Moradpour Z, Ghasemian A. Modified phages: Novel antimicrobial agents to combat infectious diseases. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:732-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abedon ST, Kuhl SJ, Blasdel BG, Kutter EM. Phage treatment of human infections. BACTERIOPHAGE 2011; 1:66-85. [PMID: 22334863 PMCID: PMC3278644 DOI: 10.4161/bact.1.2.15845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phages as bactericidal agents have been employed for 90 years as a means of treating bacterial infections in humans as well as other species, a process known as phage therapy. In this review we explore both the early historical and more modern use of phages to treat human infections. We discuss in particular the little-reviewed French early work, along with the Polish, US, Georgian and Russian historical experiences. We also cover other, more modern examples of phage therapy of humans as differentiated in terms of disease. In addition, we provide discussions of phage safety, other aspects of phage therapy pharmacology, and the idea of phage use as probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Abedon
- Department of Microbiology; The Ohio State University; Mansfield, OH USA
| | - Sarah J Kuhl
- Department of Veterans Affairs; Martinez, CA USA
| | - Bob G Blasdel
- Department of Microbiology; The Ohio State University; Mansfield, OH USA
- PhageBiotics and The Evergreen State College; Olympia, WA USA
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Abstract
Rationally designing new strategies to control the human immune response stands as a key challenge for the scientific community. Chemical biologists have the opportunity to address specific issues in this area that have important implications for both basic science and clinical medicine.
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Letkiewicz S, Międzybrodzki R, Kłak M, Jończyk E, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Górski A. The perspectives of the application of phage therapy in chronic bacterial prostatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:99-112. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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