1
|
Françoise U, Desnos-Ollivier M, Le Govic Y, Sitbon K, Valentino R, Peugny S, Chouaki T, Mazars E, Paugam A, Nicolas M, Desbois-Nogard N, Lortholary O. Candida haemulonii complex, an emerging threat from tropical regions? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011453. [PMID: 37523406 PMCID: PMC10437918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida haemulonii complex-related species are pathogenic yeasts closely related to Candida auris with intrinsic antifungal resistance, but few epidemiological data are available. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analyzed clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with fungemia due to C. haemulonii complex and related species (C. pseudohaemulonii, C. vulturna) reported in France during 2002-2021, and compared them to data of C. parapsilosis fungemia, as they all can be commensal of the skin. We also conducted a study on adult inpatients and outpatients colonized by C. haemulonii complex, managed at the University Hospital of Martinique during 2014-2020. Finally, we performed a literature review of fungemia due to C. haemulonii complex and related species reported in Medline (1962-2022). In total, we identified 28 fungemia due to C. haemulonii complex in France. These episodes were frequently associated with bacterial infection (38%) and high mortality rate (44%), and differed from C. parapsilosis fungemia by their tropical origin, mainly from Caribbean and Latin America. All isolates showed decreased in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B and fluconazole. In Martinique, we found that skin colonization was frequent in the community population, while colonization was strongly associated with the presence of foreign devices in ICU patients. The literature review identified 274 fungemia episodes, of which 56 were individually described. As in our national series, published cases originated mainly from tropical regions and exhibited high crude mortality. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Multidrug-resistant C. haemulonii complex-related species are responsible for fungemia and colonization in community and hospital settings, especially in tropical regions, warranting closer epidemiological surveillance to prevent a potential C. auris-like threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Françoise
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique, France
| | - Marie Desnos-Ollivier
- Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et Antifongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yohann Le Govic
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique, France
| | - Karine Sitbon
- Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et Antifongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ruddy Valentino
- Service de réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique, France
| | - Sandrine Peugny
- Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, Guyane Française, France
| | - Taieb Chouaki
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Edith Mazars
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
| | - André Paugam
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Nicolas
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Nicole Desbois-Nogard
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et Antifongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
In silico environmental sampling of emerging fungal pathogens via big data analysis. FUNGAL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
3
|
Akinbobola AB, Kean R, Hanifi SMA, Quilliam RS. Environmental reservoirs of the drug-resistant pathogenic yeast Candida auris. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011268. [PMID: 37053164 PMCID: PMC10101498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Candia auris is an emerging human pathogenic yeast; yet, despite phenotypic attributes and genomic evidence suggesting that it probably emerged from a natural reservoir, we know nothing about the environmental phase of its life cycle and the transmission pathways associated with it. The thermotolerant characteristics of C. auris have been hypothesised to be an environmental adaptation to increasing temperatures due to global warming (which may have facilitated its ability to tolerate the mammalian thermal barrier that is considered a protective strategy for humans against colonisation by environmental fungi with pathogenic potential). Thus, C. auris may be the first human pathogenic fungus to have emerged as a result of climate change. In addition, the release of antifungal chemicals, such as azoles, into the environment (from both pharmaceutical and agricultural sources) is likely to be responsible for the environmental enrichment of resistant strains of C. auris; however, the survival and dissemination of C. auris in the natural environment is poorly understood. In this paper, we critically review the possible pathways through which C. auris can be introduced into the environment and evaluate the environmental characteristics that can influence its persistence and transmission in natural environments. Identifying potential environmental niches and reservoirs of C. auris and understanding its emergence against a backdrop of climate change and environmental pollution will be crucial for the development of effective epidemiological and environmental management responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayorinde B Akinbobola
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Kean
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Manzoor Ahmed Hanifi
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Health System and Population Studies Division, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Richard S Quilliam
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen X, Jia X, Bing J, Zhang H, Hong N, Liu Y, Xi H, Wang W, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Li L, Kang M, Xiao Y, Yang B, Lin Y, Xu H, Fan X, Huang J, Gong J, Xu J, Xie X, Yang W, Zhang G, Zhang J, Kang W, Wang H, Hou X, Xiao M, Xu Y. Clonal Dissemination of Antifungal-Resistant Candida haemulonii, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:576-584. [PMID: 36823029 PMCID: PMC9973686 DOI: 10.3201/eid2903.221082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida haemulonii, a relative of C. auris, frequently shows antifungal resistance and is transmissible. However, molecular tools for genotyping and investigating outbreaks are not yet established. We performed genome-based population analysis on 94 C. haemulonii strains, including 58 isolates from China and 36 other published strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. haemulonii can be divided into 4 clades. Clade 1 comprised strains from China and other global strains; clades 2-4 contained only isolates from China, were more recently evolved, and showed higher antifungal resistance. Four regional epidemic clusters (A, B, C, and D) were identified in China, each comprising ≥5 cases (largest intracluster pairwise single-nucleotide polymorphism differences <50 bp). Cluster A was identified in 2 hospitals located in the same city, suggesting potential intracity transmissions. Cluster D was resistant to 3 classes of antifungals. The emergence of more resistant phylogenetic clades and regional dissemination of antifungal-resistant C. haemulonii warrants further monitoring.
Collapse
|
5
|
Shao Q, Dong C, Hu H, Huang J, Zou X, Liang Z, Han Y. Effects of Medicinal Plants on Fungal Community Structure and Function in Hospital Grassplot Soil. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:377. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
6
|
High MICs for antifungal agents in yeasts from an anthropized lagoon in South America. Microbiol Res 2022; 262:127083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
7
|
The Threat Called Candida haemulonii Species Complex in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: Focus on Antifungal Resistance and Virulence Attributes. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060574. [PMID: 35736057 PMCID: PMC9225368 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although considered rare, the emergent Candida haemulonii species complex, formed by C. haemulonii sensu stricto (Ch), C. duobushaemulonii (Cd) and C. haemulonii var. vulnera (Chv), is highlighted due to its profile of increased resistance to the available antifungal drugs. In the present work, 25 clinical isolates, recovered from human infections during 2011–2020 and biochemically identified by automated system as C. haemulonii, were initially assessed by molecular methods (amplification and sequencing of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 gene) for precise species identification. Subsequently, the antifungal susceptibility of planktonic cells, biofilm formation and susceptibility of biofilms to antifungal drugs and the secretion of key molecules, such as hydrolytic enzymes, hemolysins and siderophores, were evaluated by classical methodologies. Our results revealed that 7 (28%) isolates were molecularly identified as Ch, 7 (28%) as Chv and 11 (44%) as Cd. Sixteen (64%) fungal isolates were recovered from blood. Regarding the antifungal susceptibility test, the planktonic cells were resistant to (i) fluconazole (100% of Ch and Chv, and 72.7% of Cd isolates), itraconazole and voriconazole (85.7% of Ch and Chv, and 72.7% of Cd isolates); (ii) no breakpoints were defined for posaconazole, but high MICs were observed for 85.7% of Ch and Chv, and 72.7% of Cd isolates; (iii) all isolates were resistant to amphotericin B; and (iv) all isolates were susceptible to echinocandins (except for one isolate of Cd) and to flucytosine (except for two isolates of Cd). Biofilm is a well-known virulence and resistant structure in Candida species, including the C. haemulonii complex. Herein, we showed that all isolates were able to form viable biofilms over a polystyrene surface. Moreover, the mature biofilms formed by the C. haemulonii species complex presented a higher antifungal-resistant profile than their planktonic counterparts. Secreted molecules associated with virulence were also detected in our fungal collection: 100% of the isolates yielded aspartic proteases, hemolysins and siderophores as well as phospholipase (92%), esterase (80%), phytase (80%), and caseinase (76%) activities. Our results reinforce the multidrug resistance profile of the C. haemulonii species complex, including Brazilian clinical isolates, as well as their ability to produce important virulence attributes such as biofilms and different classes of hydrolytic enzymes, hemolysins and siderophores, which typically present a strain-dependent profile.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang L, Guo S, Zeng B, Wang S, Chen Y, Cheng S, Liu B, Wang C, Wang Y, Meng Q. Draft Genome Assembly and Annotation for Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis NICC30027, an Oleaginous Yeast Capable of Simultaneous Glucose and Xylose Assimilation. MYCOBIOLOGY 2022; 50:69-81. [PMID: 35291590 PMCID: PMC8890563 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2038844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The identification of oleaginous yeast species capable of simultaneously utilizing xylose and glucose as substrates to generate value-added biological products is an area of key economic interest. We have previously demonstrated that the Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis NICC30027 yeast strain is capable of simultaneously assimilating both xylose and glucose, resulting in considerable lipid accumulation. However, as no high-quality genome sequencing data or associated annotations for this strain are available at present, it remains challenging to study the metabolic mechanisms underlying this phenotype. Herein, we report a 39,305,439 bp draft genome assembly for C. dermatis NICC30027 comprised of 37 scaffolds, with 60.15% GC content. Within this genome, we identified 524 tRNAs, 142 sRNAs, 53 miRNAs, 28 snRNAs, and eight rRNA clusters. Moreover, repeat sequences totaling 1,032,129 bp in length were identified (2.63% of the genome), as were 14,238 unigenes that were 1,789.35 bp in length on average (64.82% of the genome). The NCBI non-redundant protein sequences (NR) database was employed to successfully annotate 11,795 of these unigenes, while 3,621 and 11,902 were annotated with the Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL databases, respectively. Unigenes were additionally subjected to pathway enrichment analyses using the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG), Clusters of orthologous groups for eukaryotic complete genomes (KOG), and Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG) databases. Together, these results provide a foundation for future studies aimed at clarifying the mechanistic basis for the ability of C. dermatis NICC30027 to simultaneously utilize glucose and xylose to synthesize lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laiyou Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Shuxian Guo
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Shuang Cheng
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingshan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Montoya AM, Luna-Rodríguez CE, Bonifaz A, Treviño-Rangel RDJ, Rojas OC, González GM. Physiological characterization and molecular identification of some rare yeast species causing onychomycosis. J Mycol Med 2021; 31:101121. [PMID: 33626414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Onychomycosis are infections with a variety of etiological agents. Although dermatophytes are responsible for most infections, yeasts are gaining importance as agents of these pathologies. The use of antifungals has increased the incidence of what had been considered rare or novel pathogens. We reidentify three rare yeasts from a culture collection of onychomycosis agents by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions or the intergenic spacer (IGS) 1 region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and present their enzymatic and antifungal susceptibility profiles. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a phenotypical characterization and molecular identification of five yeast isolates. We tested the urease, gelatinase, DNase, phospholipase, protease, and esterase activities, as well as the hemolytic activity. We evaluated the antifungal susceptibility to amphotericin B, fluconazole, anidulafungin and caspofungin. RESULTS Phenotypic methods could not identify the isolates. MALDI-TOF/MS was able to properly identify Candida duobushameulonii. The five isolates were successfully identified by sequence analysis as Candida duobushaemulonii, Meyerozyma caribbica and Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis. Candida duobushameulonii showed hemolytic, phospholipase, and protease activities. Meyerozyma caribbica was positive for gelatinase and protease activities. All antifungals exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≤2μg/mL against both species. The three isolates of Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis showed urease, DNase, and esterase activities, and resistance to echinocandins (MICs ≥8μg/mL), while amphotericin B and fluconazole exhibited low MICs against these isolates (0.50-2μg/mL). DISCUSSION Sequencing of the ITS or IGS1 regions of rDNA remains the best method for identifying cryptic species over other commercially available systems. More reports are needed to define the enzymatic and antifungal profiles for these species. This is the first report of Meyerozyma caribbica and Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis as etiological agents of onychomycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Montoya
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, avenue Francisco I. Madero s/n, 64460 Monterrey, México.
| | - Carolina E Luna-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, avenue Francisco I. Madero s/n, 64460 Monterrey, México.
| | - Alexandro Bonifaz
- Servicio de Dermatología y Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Rogelio de J Treviño-Rangel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, avenue Francisco I. Madero s/n, 64460 Monterrey, México.
| | - Olga C Rojas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, avenue Francisco I. Madero s/n, 64460 Monterrey, México.
| | - Gloria M González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, avenue Francisco I. Madero s/n, 64460 Monterrey, México.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li MC, Tang HJ, Wu CJ, Wang SW, Su SL, Liu WL, Ko WC, Chen YC. Species identification and antifungal susceptibility of uncommon blood yeast isolates. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 55:130-137. [PMID: 33610509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Accurate identification of Candida species is increasingly important in the era of emergence of Candida auris. We aimed to compare the identification performance of two matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) systems (Vitek MS and Bruker biotyper MS) and an oligonucleotide array for uncommon blood yeast isolates and demonstrate the susceptibilities among those isolates. METHOD Candida species isolates from blood culture other than Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei identified by biochemical methods were collected from multiple hospitals and further identified by an oligonucleotide array based on the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) and ITS-2 sequences of the rRNA genes, Vitek MS and Bruker biotyper MS. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these clinical isolates were determined by the Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) system. RESULTS Among 136 isolates, Candida guilliermondii was most common (52, 38.2%), followed by C. lusitaniae (13, 9.6%) and C. haemulonii (12, 8.8%). The oligonucleotide array, Vitek MS and Bruker biotyper MS correctly identified 89.7% (122), 90.4% (123), and 92.6% (126) of these isolates, respectively. Elevated minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fluconazole were observed for C. haemulonii (MIC90: 256 mg/L), and C. guilliermondii (MIC90: 16 mg/L) with 28.4% of uncommon Candida isolates with MIC ≧ 8 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS For uncommon Candida species, the unmet need for current databases of two commercial MALDI-TOF MS systems is highlighted, and the oligonucleotide array may serve as a supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chi Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Diagnostic Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Liu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yee-Chun Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sawaswong V, Chanchaem P, Khamwut A, Praianantathavorn K, Kemthong T, Malaivijitnond S, Payungporn S. Oral-fecal mycobiome in wild and captive cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 144:103468. [PMID: 32980453 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is currently a common animal model for biomedical research. The National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University (NPRCT-CU) translocated wild-borne macaques to reared colony for research purposes. At present, no studies focus on fungal microbiome (Mycobiome) of this macaque. The functional roles of mycobiome and fungal pathogens have not been elucidated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate and compare oral and fecal mycobiome between wild and captive macaques by using high-throughput sequencing on internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rDNA. The results showed that the mycobiome of wild macaque has greater alpha diversity. The fecal mycobiome has more limited alpha diversity than those in oral cavity. The community is mainly dominated by saprophytic yeast in Kasachstania genus which is related to aiding metabolic function in gut. The oral microbiome of most captive macaques presented the Cutaneotrichosporon suggesting the fungal transmission through skin-oral contact within the colony. The potential pathogens that would cause harmful transmission in reared colonies were not found in either group of macaques but the pathogen prevention and animal care is still important to be concerned. In conclusion, the results of gut mycobiome analysis in Thai cynomolgus macaques provide us with the basic information of oral and fecal fungi and for monitoring macaque's health status for animal care of research use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vorthon Sawaswong
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prangwalai Chanchaem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ariya Khamwut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Taratorn Kemthong
- National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Saraburi 18110, Thailand
| | - Suchinda Malaivijitnond
- National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Saraburi 18110, Thailand; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ramos LS, Oliveira SSC, Braga-Silva LA, Branquinha MH, Santos ALS. Secreted aspartyl peptidases by the emerging, opportunistic and multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens comprising the Candida haemulonii complex. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:700-707. [PMID: 32690251 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogens comprising the Candida haemulonii complex (C. haemulonii, C. duobushaemulonii and C. haemulonii var. vulnera) are notable for their intrinsic resistance to different antifungal classes. Little is known about the virulence attributes in this emerging fungal complex. However, it is well-recognized that enzymes play important roles in virulence/pathogenesis of candidiasis. Herein, we aimed to identify aspartyl-type peptidases in 12 clinical isolates belonging to the C. haemulonii complex. All isolates were able to grow in a chemically defined medium containing albumin as the sole nitrogen source, and a considerable consumption of this protein occurred after 72-96 h. C. haemulonii var. vulnera isolates showed the lowest albumin degradation capability and the poorest growth rate. The measurement of secreted aspartyl peptidase (Sap) activity, using the cathepsin D fluorogenic substrate, varied from 91.6 to 413.3 arbitrary units and the classic aspartyl peptidase inhibitor, pepstatin A, significantly blocked the Sap released by C. haemulonii complex. No differences were observed in the Sap activity among the three fungal species. Flow cytometry, using a polyclonal antibody against Sap1-3 of C. albicans, detected homologous proteins at the surface of C. haemulonii complex (anti-Sap1-3-labeled cells ranged from 24.6 to 79.1%). Additionally, the immunoblotting assay, conducted with the same Sap1-3 antibody, recognized a protein of ∼50 kDa in all fungal isolates. A glimpse in the genome of these fungi revealed several potential proteins containing Sap1-3-like conserved domain. Altogether, our results demonstrated the potential of C. haemulonii species complex to produce Saps, an important virulence factor of Candida spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia S Ramos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone S C Oliveira
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lys A Braga-Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta H Branquinha
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - André L S Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ramos LS, Oliveira SSC, Silva LN, Granato MQ, Gonçalves DS, Frases S, Seabra SH, Macedo AJ, Kneipp LF, Branquinha MH, Santos ALS. Surface, adhesiveness and virulence aspects of Candida haemulonii species complex. Med Mycol 2020; 58:973-986. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe emerging opportunistic pathogens comprising the Candida haemulonii complex (C. haemulonii [Ch], C. duobushaemulonii [Cd] and C. haemulonii var. vulnera[Chv]) are notable for their intrinsic antifungal resistance. Different clinical manifestations are associated with these fungal infections; however, little is known about their biology and potential virulence attributes. Herein, we evaluated some surface properties of 12 clinical isolates of Ch (n = 5), Cd (n = 4) and Chv (n = 3) as well as their virulence on murine macrophages and Galleria mellonella larvae. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of homogeneous populations among the species of the C. haemulonii complex, represented by oval yeasts with surface irregularities able to form aggregates. Cell surface hydrophobicity was isolate-specific, exhibiting high (16.7%), moderate (25.0%) and low (58.3%) hydrophobicity. The isolates had negative surface charge, except for one. Mannose/glucose- and N-acetylglucosamine-containing glycoconjugates were evidenced in considerable amounts in all isolates; however, the surface expression of sialic acid was poorly detected. Cd isolates presented significantly higher amounts of chitin than Ch and Chv. Membrane sterol and lipid bodies, containing neutral lipids, were quite similar among all fungi studied. All isolates adhered to inert surfaces in the order: polystyrene > poly-L-lysine-coated glass > glass. Likewise, they interacted with murine macrophages in a quite similar way. Regarding in vivo virulence, the C. haemulonii species complex were able to kill at least 80% of the larvae after 120 hours. Our results evidenced the ability of C. haemulonii complex to produce potential surface-related virulence attributes, key components that actively participate in the infection process described in Candida spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia S Ramos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone S C Oliveira
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura N Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela Q Granato
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego S Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Susana Frases
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio H Seabra
- Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Laboratório de Tecnologia em Cultura de Células, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre J Macedo
- Laboratório de Biofilmes e Diversidade Microbiana, Centro de Biotecnologia and Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucimar F Kneipp
- Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta H Branquinha
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André L S Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Molecular Identification, Genotyping, Phenotyping, and Antifungal Susceptibilities of Medically Important Trichosporon, Apiotrichum, and Cutaneotrichosporon Species. Mycopathologia 2019; 185:307-317. [PMID: 31776790 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Trichosporon taxonomy has been reevaluated and new genera of the Trichosporonaceae family have been described. Here, 26 clinical isolates were submitted for identification via sequencing of the intergenic space 1 (IGS1) region, genotyping, and investigation of virulence factors. Antifungal susceptibility was determined using the CLSI broth microdilution method for fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITC), and amphotericin B (AMB). Of these, 24 isolates were identified, including 12 T. asahii, 4 T. inkin, 3 T. faecale, 1 T. coremiiforme, 1 T. japonicum, 2 Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis (formerly T. dermatis), and 1 Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans (formerly T. mycotoxinivorans). Species-level identification of 2 isolates was not successful; they were described as Trichosporon sp. We observed optimal colonial development at 35-40 °C. Lipase was the major extracellular enzyme produced (100%); caseinase was not produced (0%). Biofilms were produced by all isolates (classified as low). High AMB minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed, with all strains resistant. Fluconazole was the most active drug among the antifungals tested. However, high MICs for FLC were observed in C. dermatis and A. mycotoxinivorans species, which also showed resistance to ITC and AMB. This study, conducted in the Northern region of Brazil, identified 5 Trichosporon species along with C. dermatis and A. mycotoxinivorans and demonstrated their pathogenic potential through their ability to produce important virulence factors. This may contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology and factors related to the pathogeneses of species in the Trichosporonaceae family.
Collapse
|
15
|
Jackson BR, Chow N, Forsberg K, Litvintseva AP, Lockhart SR, Welsh R, Vallabhaneni S, Chiller T. On the Origins of a Species: What Might Explain the Rise of Candida auris? J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:E58. [PMID: 31284576 PMCID: PMC6787658 DOI: 10.3390/jof5030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast first described in 2009 that has since caused healthcare-associated outbreaks of severe human infections around the world. In some hospitals, it has become a leading cause of invasive candidiasis. C. auris is markedly different from most other pathogenic Candida species in its genetics, antifungal resistance, and ability to spread between patients. The reasons why this fungus began spreading widely in the last decade remain a mystery. We examine available data on C. auris and related species, including genomic epidemiology, phenotypic characteristics, and sites of detection, to put forth hypotheses on its possible origins. C. auris has not been detected in the natural environment; related species have been detected in in plants, insects, and aquatic environments, as well as from human body sites. It can tolerate hypersaline environments and higher temperatures than most Candida species. We explore hypotheses about the pre-emergence niche of C. auris, whether in the environmental or human microbiome, and speculate on factors that might have led to its spread, including the possible roles of healthcare, antifungal use, and environmental changes, including human activities that might have expanded its presence in the environment or caused increased human contact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan R Jackson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Nancy Chow
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kaitlin Forsberg
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30346, USA
| | - Anastasia P Litvintseva
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shawn R Lockhart
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Rory Welsh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Snigdha Vallabhaneni
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Prevention and Response Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Tom Chiller
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| |
Collapse
|