1
|
Sassa-deepaeng T, Khumpirapang N, Yodthong W, Myat YY, Anuchapreeda S, Okonogi S. Effects of Salts and Other Contaminants on Ciprofloxacin Removal Efficiency of Green Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles. Vet Sci 2024; 11:179. [PMID: 38668446 PMCID: PMC11053963 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is commonly used in aquaculture to prevent and treat bacterial infections in aquatic animals. For this reason, aquatic environments contain CIP and its derivatives, which lead to the development of drug-resistant bacteria. In the present study, copper nanoparticles were prepared using Garcinia mangostana extract (GME-CuNPs) as a reducing agent and evaluated for their CIP removal efficiency (CRE). The results demonstrate that within 20 min, GME-CuNPs at 25 mM possess a CRE of 92.02 ± 0.09% from CIP-containing aqueous media with pH 6-7. The CRE is influenced by both monovalent and divalent salts. A high salt concentration significantly reduces the CRE. Contaminants in fish wastewater can reduce the CRE, but phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and ammonia do not affect the CRE. Our results reveal that the CRE is controlled by electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged GME-CuNPs and the cationic species of CIP. The CRE is reduced by wastewater with a pH higher than 8.0, in which the CIP molecules have a negative charge, resulting in a repulsive force due to the negative charge of GME-CuNPs. In fish wastewater with a pH lower than 7.0, GME-CuNPs show the potential to achieve a CRE above 80%. Therefore, pH adjustment to a range of 6-7 in fish wastewater before treatment is deemed imperative. It is concluded that the newly developed GME-CuNPs possess excellent activity in CIP elimination from actual fish wastewater samples. Our findings suggest that GME-CuNPs can be a promising tool to effectively eliminate antibiotics from the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanongsak Sassa-deepaeng
- Agricultural Biochemistry Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences and Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Lampang, Lampang 52000, Thailand;
| | - Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Wachira Yodthong
- Lampang Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center, Lampang 52000, Thailand;
| | - Yin Yin Myat
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.Y.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.Y.M.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Y.Y.M.); (S.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arumugam M, Manikandan DB, Marimuthu SK, Muthusamy G, Kari ZA, Téllez-Isaías G, Ramasamy T. Evaluating Biofilm Inhibitory Potential in Fish Pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila by Agricultural Waste Extracts and Assessment of Aerolysin Inhibitors Using In Silico Approach. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050891. [PMID: 37237796 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, an opportunistic bacteria, causes several devastating diseases in humans and animals, particularly aquatic species. Antibiotics have been constrained by the rise of antibiotic resistance caused by drug overuse. Therefore, new strategies are required to prevent appropriate antibiotic inability from antibiotic-resistant strains. Aerolysin is essential for A. hydrophila pathogenesis and has been proposed as a potential target for inventing drugs with anti-virulence properties. It is a unique method of disease prevention in fish to block the quorum-sensing mechanism of A. hydrophila. In SEM analysis, the crude solvent extracts of both groundnut shells and black gram pods exhibited a reduction of aerolysin formation and biofilm matrix formation by blocking the QS in A. hydrophila. Morphological changes were identified in the extracts treated bacterial cells. Furthermore, in previous studies, 34 ligands were identified with potential antibacterial metabolites from agricultural wastes, groundnut shells, and black gram pods using a literature survey. Twelve potent metabolites showed interactions between aerolysin and metabolites during molecular docking analysis, in that H-Pyran-4-one-2,3 dihydro-3,5 dihydroxy-6-methyl (-5.3 kcal/mol) and 2-Hexyldecanoic acid (-5.2 kcal/mol) showed promising results with potential hydrogen bond interactions with aerolysin. These metabolites showed a better binding affinity with aerolysin for 100 ns in molecular simulation dynamics. These findings point to a novel strategy for developing drugs using metabolites from agricultural wastes that may be feasible pharmacological solutions for treating A. hydrophila infections for the betterment of aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Arumugam
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Dinesh Babu Manikandan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Marimuthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology (BIT) Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Govarthanan Muthusamy
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
| | | | - Thirumurugan Ramasamy
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Au-Yeung C, Lam KL, Chan KW, Mo WY. Uses of Antibiotics in Ornamental Fish in Hong Kong and the Antibiotic Resistance in the Associated Zoonotic Pathogens. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:365-377. [PMID: 36547470 PMCID: PMC9783315 DOI: 10.3390/jox12040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in ornamental fish is not regulated, as they are not intended for human consumption. Although antibiotic resistant bacteria have been detected in ornamental fish worldwide, there have been no studies to look at the situation in Hong Kong. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the use of antibiotics in ornamental fish. Ornamental fish were purchased from five local pet fish shops and the antibiotics in carriage water were quantified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas spp. present in carriage water were isolated and their minimum inhibitory concentrations against selected antibiotics were determined. Results indicated that among the twenty antibiotics screened, doxycycline (0.0155-0.0836 µg L-1), oxytetracycline (0.0102-29.0 µg L-1), tetracycline (0.0350-0.244 µg L-1), enrofloxacin (0.00107-0.247 µg L-1), and oxalinic acid (n.d.-0.514 µg L-1) were detected in all sampled shops. Additionally, MIC results revealed that some of the Aeromonas and Pseudomonas spp. isolates were highly resistant to all antibiotics selected. Our findings confirmed that multiple antibiotics are being used in ornamental fish and the associated bacteria are resistant to selected antibiotics, suggesting that this could be a significant transmission route of antibiotic resistant bacteria to household indoor environments.
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang JM, Mishra S, Cheng YL. Applying Image Recognition and Tracking Methods for Fish Physiology Detection Based on a Visual Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5545. [PMID: 35898049 PMCID: PMC9370842 DOI: 10.3390/s22155545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of pet keeping has increased significantly. According to the survey results of Business Next, the proportion of Taiwan families keeping pets was 70% in 2020. Among them, the total number of fish pets was close to 33% of the overall pet proportion. Therefore, aquarium pets have become indispensable companions for families. At present, many studies have discussed intelligent aquarium systems. Through image recognition based on visual sensors, we may be able to detect and interpret the physiological status of the fish according to their physiological appearance. In this way, it can help to notify the owner as soon as possible to treat the fish or isolate them individually, so as to avoid the spread of infection. However, most aquarium pets are kept in groups. Traditional image recognition technologies often fail to recognize each fish's physiological states precisely because of fish swimming behaviors, such as grouping swimming, shading with each other, flipping over, and so on. In view of this, this paper tries to address such problems and then proposes a practical scheme, which includes three phases. Specifically, the first phase tries to enhance the image recognition model for small features based on the prioritizing rules, thus improving the instant recognition capability. Then, the second phase exploits a designed fish-ID tracking mechanism and analyzes the physiological state of the same fish-ID through coherent frames, which can avoid temporal misidentification. Finally, the third phase leverages a fish-ID correction mechanism, which can detect and correct their IDs periodically and dynamically to avoid tracking confusion, and thus potentially improve the recognition accuracy. According to the experiment results, it was verified that our scheme has better recognition performance. The best accuracy and correctness ratio can reach up to 94.9% and 92.67%, which are improved at least 8.41% and 26.95%, respectively, as compared with the existing schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Liang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan;
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Shashank Mishra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Lin Cheng
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu G, Li J, Jiang Z, Zhu X, Gao X, Jiang Q, Wang J, Wei W, Zhang X. Pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii causing mass mortalities of Odontobutis potamophila and its induced host immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 125:180-189. [PMID: 35561950 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a freshwater bacterium associated with many diseases in aquatic animals. However, few cases of A. veronii infection were reported in Odontobutis potamophila, which has been becoming a promising fish species in China in recent years. In this study, the dominant bacteria were isolated from diseased O. potamophila showing signs of hemorrhage on fins, ulceration on the dorsal and abdomen. The representative isolate Stl3-1was identified as A. veronii based on analysis of its morphological, physiological, and biochemical features, as well as 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences. The median lethal dosage (LD50) of the isolate Stl3-1 for O. potamophila was determined as 4.5 × 105 CFU/mL. Histopathological analysis revealed that the isolate Stl3-1caused considerable histological lesions in the fish, including tissue cell degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltrating. Detection of virulence-related genes showed that A. veronii Stl3-1 was positive for exu, ompA, lip, flaH, hlyA, aer, flgM, tapA, act, flgA, gcaT and flgN. Additionally, quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was also undertaken to analyses the host defensive response in O. potamophila infected by A. veronii. The immune-related gene expressions in O. potamophila during experimental infection were monitored at different point of time, and the results showed that the expression levels of MHC II, Myd88, TLR, and SOD were significantly up-regulated in liver, gill, spleen, and head kidney. The results revealed that A. veronii was a pathogen causing mass mortalities of O. potamophila and will contribute to better understanding the host defensive response against A. veronii infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Research Center of Characteristic Fish, Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ziyan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wanhong Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bacteriophages in the Control of Aeromonas sp. in Aquaculture Systems: An Integrative View. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020163. [PMID: 35203766 PMCID: PMC8868336 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas species often cause disease in farmed fish and are responsible for causing significant economic losses worldwide. Although vaccination is the ideal method to prevent infectious diseases, there are still very few vaccines commercially available in the aquaculture field. Currently, aquaculture production relies heavily on antibiotics, contributing to the global issue of the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective alternatives to antibiotics to reduce their use in aquaculture systems. Bacteriophage (or phage) therapy is a promising approach to control pathogenic bacteria in farmed fish that requires a heavy understanding of certain factors such as the selection of phages, the multiplicity of infection that produces the best bacterial inactivation, bacterial resistance, safety, the host’s immune response, administration route, phage stability and influence. This review focuses on the need to advance phage therapy research in aquaculture, its efficiency as an antimicrobial strategy and the critical aspects to successfully apply this therapy to control Aeromonas infection in fish.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tooba L, Shahzad A, Zahid M, Muhammad R, Anam I, Abdur R, Mohammed AA, Mater HM. Molecular characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from diseased fishes in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e254816. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.254816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Pakistan is an agricultural country and fisheries play a very important role in the economic development of the country. Different diseases are prevalent in Pakistani fish but information related to the causative agents is not well-known. Keeping in view the significance of bacterial pathogens as the causative agents of multiple fish diseases, the present study was conducted for identification, characterization and analysis of virulence genes of Aeromonas spp. isolated from diseased fishes. A total of fifty fish samples having multiple clinical indications were collected from different fish farms of district Kasur, Punjab Pakistan. For isolation of Aeromonas spp. samples were enriched and inoculated on Aeromonas isolation medium. Isolates were identified and characterized by different biochemical tests, Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E kit and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. All isolates were screened for three putative virulence genes including aerolysin (aer), haemolysin (hyl) and heat labile cytotonic enterotoxin (alt). Seven isolates of Aeromonas (A.) hydrophila were retrieved and identified based on API 20E. These isolates were further confirmed as A. hydrophila on the basis of PCR assays. Three isolates were detected positive for the presence of virulence genes (alt and hyl). Whereas aerolysin (aer) gene was not present in any of A. hydrophila isolates. The present study confirmed A. hydrophila as the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome and motile Aeromonas septicemia in fish farms of district Kasur, Punjab Pakistan. Moreover, detection of two virulence genes (alt and hyl) in A. hydrophila isolates is a threat for fish consumers of study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Tooba
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A. Shahzad
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M. Zahid
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - R. Muhammad
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - I. Anam
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Song H, Wang J, Zhang D, Shan X, Yang B, Kang Y, Qian A, Zhang L, Sun W. Functional analysis of fis in Aeromonas veronii TH0426 reveals a key role in the regulation of virulence. Microb Pathog 2021; 159:105123. [PMID: 34364977 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a comorbid pathogen that can infect humans, and animals including various aquatic organisms. In recent years, an increasing number of cases of A. veronii infection has been reported, indicating serious risks. This bacterium not only threatens public health and safety but also causes considerable economic loss in the aquaculture industry. Currently, some understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of A. veronii has been obtained. In this study, we first constructed the A. veronii TH0426 fis gene deletion strain Δfis and the complementation strain C-fis through homologous recombination technology. The results showed that the adhesion and invasion ability of the Δfis strain towards Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells and the cytotoxicity were 3.8-fold and 1.38-fold lower, respectively, than those of the wild-type strain. In the zebrafish infection model, the lethality of the deleted strain is 3-fold that of the wild strain. In addition, the bacterial load of the deletion strain Δfis in crucian carp was significantly lower than the wild-type strain, and the load decreased with time. In summary, deletion of the fis gene led to a decrease in the virulence of A. veronii. Our research results showed that the deletion of the fis gene significantly reduces the virulence and adhesion ability of A. veronii TH0426. Therefore, the fis gene plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of A. veronii TH0426. This preliminary study of the function of the fis gene in A. veronii will help researchers further understand the pathogenic mechanism of A. veronii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Haichao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Bintong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, Jilin, 130600, China
| | - Yuanhuan Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Aidong Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Wuwen Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Du X, Wang M, Zhou H, Li Z, Xu J, Li Z, Kan B, Chen D, Wang X, Jin Y, Ren Y, Ma Y, Liu J, Luan Y, Cui Z, Lu X. Comparison of the Multiple Platforms to Identify Various Aeromonas Species. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:625961. [PMID: 33537023 PMCID: PMC7848130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.625961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared several identification methods for Aeromonas genus members, including traditional biochemical testing, multiplex-PCR amplification, mass spectrometry identification, whole-genome sequencing, multilocus phylogenetic analysis (MLPA), and rpoD, gyrA, and rpoD-gyrA gene sequencing. Isolates (n = 62) belonging to the Aeromonas genus, which were came from the bacterial bank in the laboratory, were used to assess the identification accuracy of the different methods. Whole-genome sequencing showed that the Aeromonas spp. isolates comprised A. caviae (n = 21), A. veronii (n = 18), A. dhakensis (n = 8), A. hydrophila (n = 7), A. jandaei (n = 5), A. enteropelogenes (n = 2), and A. media (n = 1). Using the whole-genome sequencing results as the standard, the consistency of the other methods was compared with them. The results were 46.77% (29/62) for biochemical identification, 83.87% (52/62) for mass spectrometric identification, 67.74% (42/62) for multiplex-PCR, 100% (62/62) for MLPA typing, 72.58% for gyrA, and 59.68% for rpoD and gyrA-rpoD. MLPA was the most consistent, followed by mass spectrometry. Therefore, in the public health laboratory, both MLPA and whole-genome sequencing methods can be used to identify various Aeromonas species. However, rapid and relatively accurate mass spectrometry is recommended for clinical lab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Du
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Daoli Chen
- Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Maanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Anhui Province, Maanshan, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yujuan Jin
- Longgang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Ren
- LongHua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Nanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiuyin Liu
- Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yang Luan
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhigang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hossain S, Heo GJ. Ornamental fish: a potential source of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant motile Aeromonas spp. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:2-12. [PMID: 32805752 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous bacteria that cause diseases in fish and other aquatic animals. They are the natural inhabitants of different aquatic environments, such as freshwater, brackishwater and marinewater. Extrinsic stressors, such as crowding, unhygienic handling, poor water quality, polluted feeding and inadequate nutrition, can predispose fish to Aeromonas infection. In ornamental fish, motile Aeromonas spp. are known as aetiological agents of motile aeromonad infections, which cause significant mortality in fish and economic loss in the ornamental fish industry. The existence of different virulence factors leads to the virulence potential of motile Aeromonas spp. There are several antimicrobials used to treat bacterial infections in ornamental fish. However, the extensive use of antimicrobials in the ornamental fish industry causes multidrug resistance. This article reviewed a multitude of virulence factors that are related to the ornamental fish-borne Aeromonas pathogenicity and the antimicrobial resistance determinants related to the multidrug resistance phenotypes of motile Aeromonas spp. in ornamental fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hossain
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - G-J Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pattanayak S, Priyadarsini S, Paul A, Kumar PR, Sahoo PK. Diversity of virulence-associated genes in pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila isolates and their in vivo modulation at varied water temperatures. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104424. [PMID: 32771658 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most environmental parameters have no consistent effect on the expression of bacterial genes responsible for their virulence. However, as fish are poikilothermic, the possibility of temperature variation having a pronounced effect on the expression of virulence-associated gene(s) of bacteria infecting the host needs to be investigated. In this study, the diversity of virulence genes in seven Aeromonas hydrophila isolates collected from diseased fish from different parts of India was characterized, and the effect of temperature variation on the extent of expression of their virulence was investigated. All bacterial isolates were screened for a total of nine bacterial virulent genes {aerolysin, hemolysin, cytoen, outer membrane protein TS (Omp TS), elastase, flagellin, lipase, β hemolysin and type 3 secretion system}, and the diversity in their presence or absence were marked at a particular in vitro condition. Three bacterial isolates (nos. 1, 7 and 2) were selected for further study, based on their ability to cause varied mortalities (20-100%) in Labeo rohita juveniles in intraperitoneal challenge study. Further, three isolates were injected intraperitoneally into L. rohita fingerlings at three different temperatures (i.e., 20, 28 and 37 °C) and at 6 h post-challenge, the kidney samples were collected to measure the levels of all nine bacterial virulence genes using semi-quantitative PCR. The maximum level of amplicons of virulence genes in all three A. hydrophila isolates was noticed at 28 °C as compared to 37 °C and 20 °C. It was also observed that haemolysin played a more prominent role in the expression of virulence, when compared to cytoen gene. Hence, it was concluded that water temperature does play a crucial role in governing virulence gene expression, and a temperature of 28 °C would be considered as suitable for looking into the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila for conducting any challenge study with this organism in tropical environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Pattanayak
- National Referral Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Diseases, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Swatismita Priyadarsini
- National Referral Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Diseases, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Anirban Paul
- National Referral Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Diseases, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - P Rajesh Kumar
- National Referral Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Diseases, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - P K Sahoo
- National Referral Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Diseases, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India.
| |
Collapse
|