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Hernández MA, Ledesma AE, Moncalián G, Alvarez HM. MLDSR, the transcriptional regulator of the major lipid droplets protein MLDS, is controlled by long-chain fatty acids and contributes to the lipid-accumulating phenotype in oleaginous Rhodococcus strains. FEBS J 2024; 291:1457-1482. [PMID: 38135896 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Microorganism lipid droplet small regulator (MLDSR) is a transcriptional regulator of the major lipid droplet (LD)-associated protein MLDS in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 and Rhodococcus opacus PD630. In this study, we investigated the role of MLDSR on lipid metabolism and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in R. jostii RHA1 at physiological and molecular levels. MLDSR gene deletion promoted a significant decrease of TAG accumulation, whereas inhibition of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis by the addition of cerulenin significantly repressed the expression of the mldsr-mlds cluster under nitrogen-limiting conditions. In vitro and in vivo approaches revealed that MLDSR-DNA binding is inhibited by fatty acids and acyl-CoA residues through changes in the oligomeric or conformational state of the protein. RNAseq analysis indicated that MLDSR not only controls the expression of its own gene cluster but also of several genes involved in central, lipid, and redox metabolism, among others. We also identified putative MLDSR-binding sites on the upstream regions of genes coding for lipid catabolic enzymes and validated them by EMSA assays. Overexpression of mldsr gene under nitrogen-rich conditions promoted an increase of TAG accumulation, and further cell lysis with TAG release to the culture medium. Our results suggested that MLDSR is a fatty acid-responsive regulator that plays a dual role in cells by repression or activation of several metabolic genes in R. jostii RHA1. MLDSR seems to play an important role in the fine-tuning regulation of TAG accumulation, LD formation, and cellular lipid homeostasis, contributing to the oleaginous phenotype of R. jostii RHA1 and R. opacus PD630.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín A Hernández
- INBIOP (Instituto de Biociencias de la Patagonia), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
| | - Ana E Ledesma
- CIBAAL (Centro de Investigación en Biofísica Aplicada y Alimentos), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Moncalián
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Héctor M Alvarez
- INBIOP (Instituto de Biociencias de la Patagonia), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
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Rahlwes KC, Dias BR, Campos PC, Alvarez-Arguedas S, Shiloh MU. Pathogenicity and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Virulence 2023; 14:2150449. [PMID: 36419223 PMCID: PMC9817126 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2150449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an infectious disease with one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Leveraging its highly evolved repertoire of non-protein and protein virulence factors, Mtb invades through the airway, subverts host immunity, establishes its survival niche, and ultimately escapes in the setting of active disease to initiate another round of infection in a naive host. In this review, we will provide a concise synopsis of the infectious life cycle of Mtb and its clinical and epidemiologic significance. We will also take stock of its virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms that modulate host immunity and facilitate its spread. Developing a greater understanding of the interface between Mtb virulence factors and host defences will enable progress toward improved vaccines and therapeutics to prevent and treat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C. Rahlwes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beatriz R.S. Dias
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Priscila C. Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Alvarez-Arguedas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael U. Shiloh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,CONTACT Michael U. Shiloh
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Parada C, Neri-Badillo IC, Vallecillo AJ, Segura E, Silva-Miranda M, Guzmán-Gutiérrez SL, Ortega PA, Coronado-Aceves EW, Cancino-Villeda L, Torres-Larios A, Aceves Sánchez MDJ, Flores Valdez MA, Espitia C. New Insights into the Methylation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Heparin Binding Hemagglutinin Adhesin Expressed in Rhodococcus erythropolis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091139. [PMID: 34578171 PMCID: PMC8467707 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, knowledge of the role that protein methylation is playing on the physiopathogenesis of bacteria has grown. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, methylation of the heparin binding hemagglutinin adhesin modulates the immune response, making this protein a subunit vaccine candidate. Through its C-terminal lysine-rich domain, this surface antigen interacts with heparan sulfate proteoglycans present in non-phagocytic cells, leading to extrapulmonary dissemination of the pathogen. In this study, the adhesin was expressed as a recombinant methylated protein in Rhodococcus erythropolis L88 and it was found associated to lipid droplets when bacteria were grown under nitrogen limitation. In order to delve into the role methylation could have in host–pathogen interactions, a comparative analysis was carried out between methylated and unmethylated protein produced in Escherichia coli. We found that methylation had an impact on lowering protein isoelectric point, but no differences between the proteins were found in their capacity to interact with heparin and A549 epithelial cells. An important finding was that HbhA is a Fatty Acid Binding Protein and differences in the conformational stability of the protein in complex with the fatty acid were observed between methylated and unmethylated protein. Together, these results suggest that the described role for this mycobacteria protein in lipid bodies formation could be related to its capacity to transport fatty acids. Obtained results also provide new clues about the role HbhA methylation could have in tuberculosis and point out the importance of having heterologous expression systems to obtain modified proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Parada
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (C.P.); (I.C.N.-B.); (A.J.V.); (E.S.); (M.S.-M.); (S.L.G.-G.); (P.A.O.); (E.W.C.-A.); (L.C.-V.)
| | - Isabel Cecilia Neri-Badillo
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (C.P.); (I.C.N.-B.); (A.J.V.); (E.S.); (M.S.-M.); (S.L.G.-G.); (P.A.O.); (E.W.C.-A.); (L.C.-V.)
| | - Antonio J. Vallecillo
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (C.P.); (I.C.N.-B.); (A.J.V.); (E.S.); (M.S.-M.); (S.L.G.-G.); (P.A.O.); (E.W.C.-A.); (L.C.-V.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010220, Ecuador
| | - Erika Segura
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (C.P.); (I.C.N.-B.); (A.J.V.); (E.S.); (M.S.-M.); (S.L.G.-G.); (P.A.O.); (E.W.C.-A.); (L.C.-V.)
| | - Mayra Silva-Miranda
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (C.P.); (I.C.N.-B.); (A.J.V.); (E.S.); (M.S.-M.); (S.L.G.-G.); (P.A.O.); (E.W.C.-A.); (L.C.-V.)
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACyT, Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
| | - Silvia Laura Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (C.P.); (I.C.N.-B.); (A.J.V.); (E.S.); (M.S.-M.); (S.L.G.-G.); (P.A.O.); (E.W.C.-A.); (L.C.-V.)
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACyT, Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
| | - Paola A. Ortega
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (C.P.); (I.C.N.-B.); (A.J.V.); (E.S.); (M.S.-M.); (S.L.G.-G.); (P.A.O.); (E.W.C.-A.); (L.C.-V.)
| | - Enrique Wenceslao Coronado-Aceves
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (C.P.); (I.C.N.-B.); (A.J.V.); (E.S.); (M.S.-M.); (S.L.G.-G.); (P.A.O.); (E.W.C.-A.); (L.C.-V.)
| | - Laura Cancino-Villeda
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (C.P.); (I.C.N.-B.); (A.J.V.); (E.S.); (M.S.-M.); (S.L.G.-G.); (P.A.O.); (E.W.C.-A.); (L.C.-V.)
| | - Alfredo Torres-Larios
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Michel de Jesús Aceves Sánchez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.d.J.A.S.); (M.A.F.V.)
| | - Mario Alberto Flores Valdez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.d.J.A.S.); (M.A.F.V.)
| | - Clara Espitia
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (C.P.); (I.C.N.-B.); (A.J.V.); (E.S.); (M.S.-M.); (S.L.G.-G.); (P.A.O.); (E.W.C.-A.); (L.C.-V.)
- Correspondence:
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