Sphingobacterium rhinopitheci sp. Nov., isolated from the faeces of Rhinopithecus bieti in China

Metagenomic and culture-dependent analysis of Rhinopithecius bieti gut microbiota and characterization of a novel genus of Sphingobacteriaceae

Culture-dependent and metagenomic binning techniques were employed to gain an insight into the diversification of gut bacteria in Rhinopithecius bieti, a highly endangered primate endemic to China. Our analyses revealed that Bacillota_A and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla. These two phyla species are rich in carbohydrate active enzymes, which could provide nutrients and energy for their own or hosts' survival under different circumstances. Among the culturable bacteria, one novel bacterium, designated as WQ 2009T, formed a distinct branch that had a low similarity to the known species in the family Sphingobacteriaceae, based on the phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence or phylogenomic analysis. The ANI, dDDH and AAI values between WQ 2009T and its most closely related strains S. kitahiroshimense 10CT, S. pakistanense NCCP-246T and S. faecium DSM 11690T were significantly lower than the accepted cut-off values for microbial species delineation. All results demonstrated that WQ 2009T represent a novel genus, for which names Rhinopithecimicrobium gen. nov. and Rhinopithecimicrobium faecis sp. nov. (Type strain WQ 2009T = CCTCC AA 2021153T = KCTC 82941T) are proposed.

Paenibacillus baimaensis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from mountain soil in the habitat of Rhinopithecus bieti

A novel Gram-positive strain WQ 127069T that was isolated from the soil of Baima Snow Mountain, a habitat of highly endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti), was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, showing 98.4 and 96.08 % sequence similarity to the type strains Paenibacillus periandrae PM10T and Paenibacillus foliorum LMG 31456T, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain WQ127069T was 45.6 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in peptidoglycan. The major cellular fatty acids were antiiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. The whole genome average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain WQ 127069T and strain PM10T were 93.2 and 52.5 %, respectively. Growth occurred at 5-40 °C (optimally at 20-35 °C), pH 6-8 (optimally at pH7.0) and with 0.5-2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally at 0.5 %). On the basis of the taxonomic evidence, a novel species, Paenibacillus baimaensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is WQ 127069T (=KCTC 43480T=CCTCC AB 2022381T).

An update on novel taxa and revised taxonomic status of bacteria isolated from non-domestic animals described in 2022

Numbers of new and revised microbial taxa are continuously expanding, and the rapid accumulation of novel bacterial species is challenging to keep up with in the best of circumstances. With that in mind, following the template of reports on prokaryotic species isolated from humans, this is now the second publication summarizing new and revised taxa in non-domestic animal species in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology. The majority of new taxa were obtained as part of programs to identify bacteria from mucosal surfaces and the gastrointestinal tract from healthy wildlife. A few notable bacteria included new Erysipelothrix spp. from mammalian and aquatic sources and a novel Bartonella spp. isolated from a rodent, both of which could be considered members of emerging and re-emerging genera with pathogenic potential in humans and animals.

Sphingobacterium bovistauri sp. nov., Isolated from the Faeces of Bos Taurus

A novel bacterium designated WQ 366 ^T was isolated from the faeces of Bos taurus, foraging on the slopes of the Baima Snow Mountain in Yunnan, China. The isolate grew optimally at 30 ℃ and pH 7.0-8.0 without NaCl. The cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-gliding, catalase-positive, and produced yellow color colonies on Columbia Agar. A polyphasic study was applied to clarify its taxonomic position through 16S rRNA gene and genome sequence analysis, and other extensive biological typing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate was affiliated to the genus Sphingobacterium and its 16S rRNA gene sequence was closely related to Sphingobacterium bovisgrunnientis YK2 ^T (97.3%), Sphingobacterium composti T5-12 ^T (96.4%), and Sphingobacterium cavernae 5.0403-2 ^T (96.4%). The calculated whole genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain WQ 366 ^T and the three related strains were 78.3, 78.6, 73.9 and 21.2, 21.2, 21.0%, respectively. The predominant fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH, Summed Feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c), and Summed feature 9 (iso-C_17:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C_16:0). The main polar lipids were PE, GPL, GL, and PL. MK-7 was the major menaquinone. The genome size and the G + C content of WQ 366 ^T was 4.1 Mb and 34.6%, respectively. All these results indicated that strain WQ 366 ^T represents a novel species of the Sphingobacterium genus. Therefore, the name Sphingobacterium bovistauri sp. nov. is proposed, and the type strain is WQ 366 ^T (= CCTCC AA 2020029 ^T = KCTC 82395 ^T).