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Iqbal MK, Ambreen A, Mujahid M, Zarlashat Y, Abid M, Yasin A, Ullah MN, Shahzad R, Harlina PW, Khan SU, Alissa M, Algopishi UB, Almubarak HA. Cardiomegaly: Navigating the uncharted territories of heart failure - A multimodal radiological journey through advanced imaging, pathophysiological landscapes, and innovative therapeutic frontiers. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102748. [PMID: 39009253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomegaly is among the disorders categorized by a structural enlargement of the heart by any of the situations including pregnancy, resulting in damage to heart muscles and causing trouble in normal heart functioning. Cardiomegaly can be defined in terms of dilatation with an enlarged heart and decreased left or biventricular contraction. The genetic origin of cardiomegaly is becoming more evident due to extensive genomic research opening up new avenues to ensure the use of precision medicine. Cardiomegaly is usually assessed by using an array of radiological modalities, including computed tomography (CT) scans, chest X-rays, and MRIs. These imaging techniques have provided an important opportunity for the physiology and anatomy of the heart. This review aims to highlight the complexity of cardiomegaly, highlighting the contribution of both ecological and genetic variables to its progression. Moreover, we further highlight the worth of precise clinical diagnosis, which comprises blood biomarkers and electrocardiograms (EKG ECG), demonstrating the significance of distinguishing between numerous basic causes. Finally, the analysis highlights the extensive variation of treatment lines, such as lifestyle modifications, prescription drugs, surgery, and implantable devices, although highlighting the critical need for individualized and personalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid Iqbal
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University Liaoning Provence China; Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Alia Ambreen
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mujahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yusra Zarlashat
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ayesha Yasin
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Liaoning Provence, China
| | | | - Raheel Shahzad
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST-Cibinong, JI Raya Bogor KM46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Putri Widyanti Harlina
- Department of Food Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, 22020, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hassan Ali Almubarak
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Izadi M, Sadri N, Abdi A, Serajian S, Jalalei D, Tahmasebi S. Epigenetic biomarkers in aging and longevity: Current and future application. Life Sci 2024; 351:122842. [PMID: 38879158 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The aging process has been one of the most necessary research fields in the current century, and knowing different theories of aging and the role of different genetic, epigenetic, molecular, and environmental modulating factors in increasing the knowledge of aging mechanisms and developing appropriate diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive ways would be helpful. One of the most conserved signs of aging is epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNAs, and extracellular RNAs. Numerous biological processes and hallmarks are vital in aging development, but epigenomic alterations are especially notable because of their importance in gene regulation and cellular identity. The mounting evidence points to a possible interaction between age-related epigenomic alterations and other aging hallmarks, like genome instability. To extend a healthy lifespan and possibly reverse some facets of aging and aging-related diseases, it will be crucial to comprehend global and locus-specific epigenomic modifications and recognize corresponding regulators of health and longevity. In the current study, we will aim to discuss the role of epigenomic mechanisms in aging and the most recent developments in epigenetic diagnostic biomarkers, which have the potential to focus efforts on reversing the destructive signs of aging and extending the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Izadi
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Synapse Laboratory Diagnostic Technologies Accelerator, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research & Technology, Zeenome Longevity Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Sadri
- Synapse Laboratory Diagnostic Technologies Accelerator, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research & Technology, Zeenome Longevity Research Institute, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Abdi
- Synapse Laboratory Diagnostic Technologies Accelerator, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research & Technology, Zeenome Longevity Research Institute, Tehran, Iran; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Serajian
- Synapse Laboratory Diagnostic Technologies Accelerator, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research & Technology, Zeenome Longevity Research Institute, Tehran, Iran; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorsa Jalalei
- Synapse Laboratory Diagnostic Technologies Accelerator, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research & Technology, Zeenome Longevity Research Institute, Tehran, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Safa Tahmasebi
- Synapse Laboratory Diagnostic Technologies Accelerator, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research & Technology, Zeenome Longevity Research Institute, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Hou G, Alissa M, Alsuwat MA, Ali Alarjany HM, Alzahrani KJ, Althobaiti FM, Mujalli HM, Alotaiby MM, Al-Doaiss AA, Anthony S. The art of healing hearts: Mastering advanced RNA therapeutic techniques to shape the evolution of cardiovascular medicine in biomedical science. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102627. [PMID: 38723793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide and are associated with increasing financial health burden that requires research into novel therapeutic approaches. Since the early 2000s, the availability of next-generation sequencing techniques such as microRNAs, circular RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs have been proven as potential therapeutic targets for treating various CVDs. Therapeutics based on RNAs have become a viable option for addressing the intricate molecular pathways that underlie the pathophysiology of CVDs. We provide an in-depth analysis of the state of RNA therapies in the context of CVDs, emphasizing various approaches that target the various stages of the basic dogma of molecular biology to effect temporary or long-term changes. In this review, we summarize recent methodologies used to screen for novel coding and non-coding RNA candidates with diagnostic and treatment possibilities in cardiovascular diseases. These methods include single-cell sequencing techniques, functional RNA screening, and next-generation sequencing.Lastly, we highlighted the potential of using oligonucleotide-based chemical products such as modified RNA and RNA mimics/inhibitors for the treatment of CVDs. Moreover, there will be an increasing number of potential RNA diagnostic and therapeutic for CVDs that will progress to expand for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Shandong 277599, China
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Meshari A Alsuwat
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Althobaiti
- Department of Nursing Leadership and Education, Nursing College, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Monearah M Alotaiby
- Department of Laboratory, King Faisal Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Taif 26514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amin A Al-Doaiss
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University Liaoning Provence China, China.
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Alshihri AA, Khan SU, Alissa M, Alnoud MAH, Shams Ul Hassan S, Alghamdi SA, Mushtaq RY, Albariqi AH, Almhitheef AI, Anthony S, Sheirdil RA, Murshed A. Nano guardians of the heart: A comprehensive investigation into the impact of silver nanoparticles on cardiovascular physiology. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102542. [PMID: 38527698 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute the leading cause of death at the moment. More effective treatments to combat CVDs are urgently required. Recent advances in nanotechnology have opened the door to new avenues for cardiovascular health treatment. Silver nanotechnology's inherent therapeutic powers and wide-ranging applications have made it the center of focus in recent years. This review aims to analyze the chemical, physical, and biological processes ofproducing AgNPs and determine their potential utility as theranostics. Despite significant advances, the precise mechanism by which AgNPs function in numerous biological systems remains a mystery. We hope that at the end of this review, you will better understand how AgNPs affect the cardiovascular system from the research done thus far. This endeavor thoroughly investigates the possible toxicological effects and risks associated with exposure to AgNPs. The findings shed light on novel applications of these versatile nanomaterials and point the way toward future research directions. Due to a shortage of relevant research, we will limit our attention to AgNPs as they pertain to CVDs. Future research can use this opportunity to investigate the many medical uses of AgNPs. Given their global prevalence, we fully endorse academics' efforts to prioritize nanotechnological techniques in pursuing risk factor targeting for cardiovascular diseases. The critical need for innovative solutions to this widespread health problem is underscored by the fact that this technique may help with the early diagnosis and treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A Alshihri
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, 22080, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A H Alnoud
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112; USA
| | - Syed Shams Ul Hassan
- Department of Natural product chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong Unviversity, Shanghai, China
| | - Suad A Alghamdi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Y Mushtaq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Albariqi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Stefan Anthony
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University Liaoning Provence China.
| | | | - Abduh Murshed
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524000, Zhanjiang, China
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Xiong Y, Alnoud MAH, Ali H, Ali I, Ahmad S, Khan MU, Hassan SSU, Majid M, Khan MS, Ahmad RUS, Khan SU, Khan KA, White A. Beyond the silence: A comprehensive exploration of long non-coding RNAs as genetic whispers and their essential regulatory functions in cardiovascular disorders. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102390. [PMID: 38232927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at several levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational. They have a length of more than 200 nucleotides and cannot code. Many human diseases have been linked to aberrant lncRNA expression, highlighting the need for a better knowledge of disease etiology to drive improvements in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic methods. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. LncRNAs play an essential role in the complex process of heart formation, and their abnormalities have been associated with several CVDs. This Review article looks at the roles and relationships of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in a wide range of CVDs, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, the review delves into the possible uses of lncRNAs in diagnostics, prognosis, and clinical treatments of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, it considers the field's future prospects while examining how lncRNAs might be altered and its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Xiong
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University),410001,Hunan,China.
| | - Mohammed A H Alnoud
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, 44000.
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Centre for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, 32093, Kuwait.
| | - Saleem Ahmad
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, 70112, LA, USA
| | - Munir Ullah Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Syed Shams Ul Hassan
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China.
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shehzad Khan
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Shatin city, (HKSAR), Hong Kong
| | - Rafi U Shan Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City university of Hong Kong, Kowloon City, Hong Kong.
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Center of Bee Research and its Products, Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, and Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexandra White
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China.
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Rahaman S, Faravelli S, Voegeli S, Becskei A. Polysome propensity and tunable thresholds in coding sequence length enable differential mRNA stability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh9545. [PMID: 37756413 PMCID: PMC10530222 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The half-life of mRNAs, as well as their translation, increases in proportion to the optimal codons, indicating a tight coupling of codon-dependent differential translation and degradation. Little is known about the regulation of this coupling. We found that the mRNA stability gain in yeast depends on the mRNA coding sequence length. Below a critical length, codon optimality fails to affect the stability of mRNAs although they can be efficiently translated into short peptides and proteins. Above this threshold length, codon optimality-dependent differential mRNA stability emerges in a switch-like fashion, which coincides with a similar increase in the polysome propensity of the mRNAs. This threshold length can be tuned by the untranslated regions (UTR). Some of these UTRs can destabilize mRNAs without reducing translation, which plays a role in controlling the amplitude of the oscillatory expression of cell cycle genes. Our findings help understand the translation of short peptides from noncoding RNAs and the translation by localized monosomes in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanur Rahaman
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Liang B, Zhang X, Wang F, Miao C, Ji Y, Huang Z, Gu P, Liu X, Fan X, Li Q. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate by mixed cultivation of Brevundimonas diminuta R79 and Pseudomonas balearica R90. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123667. [PMID: 36796552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The microflora in the activated sludge of propylene oxide saponification wastewater is characterized by a clear succession after enrichment and domestication, and the specifically enriched strains can significantly increase the yield of polyhydroxyalkanoate. In this study, Pseudomonas balearica R90 and Brevundimonas diminuta R79, which are dominant strain after domestication, were selected as models to examine the interactive mechanisms associated with the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate by co-cultured strains. RNA-Seq analysis revealed the up-regulated expression of the acs and phaA genes of strains R79 and R90 in the co-culture group, which enhanced their utilization of acetic acid and synthesis of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. Cell dry weight and the yield of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in the co-culture group were accordingly considerably higher than those in the respective pure culture groups. In addition, two-component system, quorum-sensing, flagellar synthesis-related, and chemotaxis-related genes were enriched in strain R90, thereby indicating that compared with the R79 strain, R90 can adapt more rapidly to a domesticated environment. Expression of the acs gene was higher in R79 than in R90, and consequently, strain R79 could more efficiently assimilate acetate in the domesticated environment, and thus predominated in the culture population at the end of the fermentation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Liang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Changfeng Miao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Ji
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaosong Huang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Pengfei Gu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiangyu Fan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China.
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Khan SU, Khan MU, Khan MI, Kalsoom F, Zahra A. Current Landscape and Emerging Opportunities of Gene Therapy with Non-viral Episomal Vectors. Curr Gene Ther 2023; 23:135-147. [PMID: 36200188 DOI: 10.2174/1566523222666221004100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has proven to be extremely beneficial in the management of a wide range of genetic disorders for which there are currently no or few effective treatments. Gene transfer vectors are very significant in the field of gene therapy. It is possible to attach a non-viral attachment vector to the donor cell chromosome instead of integrating it, eliminating the negative consequences of both viral and integrated vectors. It is a safe and optimal express vector for gene therapy because it does not cause any adverse effects. However, the modest cloning rate, low expression, and low clone number make it unsuitable for use in gene therapy. Since the first generation of non-viral attachment episomal vectors was constructed, various steps have been taken to regulate their expression and stability, such as truncating the MAR element, lowering the amount of CpG motifs, choosing appropriate promoters and utilizing regulatory elements. This increases the transfection effectiveness of the non-viral attachment vector while also causing it to express at a high level and maintain a high level of stability. A vector is a genetic construct commonly employed in gene therapy to treat various systemic disorders. This article examines the progress made in the development of various optimization tactics for nonviral attachment vectors and the future applications of these vectors in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Munir Ullah Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230027,People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, District Headquarters Hospital Jhang 35200, Punjab Province, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
| | - Fadia Kalsoom
- Department of Pathology, District Headquarters Hospital Jhang 35200, Punjab Province, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
| | - Aqeela Zahra
- Department of Family and Community Medicine. College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia
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Vogt G. Environmental Adaptation of Genetically Uniform Organisms with the Help of Epigenetic Mechanisms-An Insightful Perspective on Ecoepigenetics. EPIGENOMES 2022; 7:1. [PMID: 36648862 PMCID: PMC9844400 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms adapt to different environments by selection of the most suitable phenotypes from the standing genetic variation or by phenotypic plasticity, the ability of single genotypes to produce different phenotypes in different environments. Because of near genetic identity, asexually reproducing populations are particularly suitable for the investigation of the potential and molecular underpinning of the latter alternative in depth. Recent analyses on the whole-genome scale of differently adapted clonal animals and plants demonstrated that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs are among the molecular pathways supporting phenotypic plasticity and that epigenetic variation is used to stably adapt to different environments. Case studies revealed habitat-specific epigenetic fingerprints that were maintained over subsequent years pointing at the existence of epigenetic ecotypes. Environmentally induced epimutations and corresponding gene expression changes provide an ideal means for fast and directional adaptation to changing or new conditions, because they can synchronously alter phenotypes in many population members. Because microorganisms inclusive of human pathogens also exploit epigenetically mediated phenotypic variation for environmental adaptation, this phenomenon is considered a universal biological principle. The production of different phenotypes from the same DNA sequence in response to environmental cues by epigenetic mechanisms also provides a mechanistic explanation for the "general-purpose genotype hypothesis" and the "genetic paradox of invasions".
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Vogt
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Role of circular RNAs in disease progression and diagnosis of cancers: An overview of recent advanced insights. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:973-984. [PMID: 35977596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial regulator of tumor progression and cells in the TME release a number of molecules that are responsible for anaplasticity, invasion, metastasis of tumor, establishing stem cell niches, up-regulation and down-regulation of various pathways in cancer cells, interfering with immune surveillance and immune escape. Moreover, they can serve as diagnostic markers, and determine effective therapies. Among them, CircRNAs have gained special attention due to their involvement in mutated pathways in cancers. By functioning as a molecular sponge for miRNAs, binding with proteins, and directing selective splicing. CircRNAs modify the immunological environment of cancers to promote their growth. Besides of critical role in tumor growth, circRNAs are emerging as potential candidates as biomarkers for diagnosis cancer therapy. Also, circRNAs vaccination even offers a novel approach to tumor immunotherapy. Over the recent years, studies are advocating that circRNAs have tissue specific tumor specific expression patterns, which indicates their potential clinical utility. Especially, circRNAs have emerged as potential predictive and prognostic biomarkers. Although, there has been significant progress in deciphering the role of circRNA in cancers, literature lacks comprehensive overview on this topic. Keeping in view of these significant discoveries, this review systematically discusses circRNA and their role in the tumor in different dimensions.
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11
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Gao S, Khan MI, Kalsoom F, Liu Z, Chen Y, Chen Z. Role of gene regulation and inter species interaction as a key factor in gut microbiota adaptation. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:342. [PMID: 35595857 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a class of microbial flora present in various eukaryotic multicellular complex animals such as human beings. Their community's growth and survival are greatly influenced by various factors such as host-pathogen, pathogen-environment and genetic regulation. Modern technologies like metagenomics have particularly extended our capacity to uncover the microbial treasures in challenging conditions like communities surviving at high altitude. Molecular characterizations by newly developed sequencing tools have shown that this complex interaction greatly influences microbial adaptation to the environment. Literature shows that gut microbiota alters the genetic expression and switches to an alternative pathway under the influence of unfavorable conditions. The remarkable adaptability of microbial genetic regulatory networks enables them to survive and expand in tough and energy-limited conditions. Variable prevalence of species in various regions has strengthened this initial evidence. In view of the interconnection of the world in the form of a global village, this phenomenon must be explored more clearly. In this regard, recently there has been significant addition of knowledge to the field of microbial adaptation. This review summarizes and shed some light on mechanisms of microbial adaptation via gene regulation and species interaction in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 260027, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 260027, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, District Headquarters Hospital, Jhang, 35200, Punjab, Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
| | - Fadia Kalsoom
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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