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de Freitas STF, Silva FG, Bessa LA, de Souza UJB, Augusto DSS, de Faria GS, Vitorino LC. Low microbial diversity, yeast prevalence, and nematode-trapping fungal presence in fungal colonization and leaf microbiome of Serjania erecta. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15456. [PMID: 38965317 PMCID: PMC11224404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plant microbiomes undergo selection due to secondary metabolite presence. Resident endophytic/epiphytic microorganisms directly influence plant's bioactive compound synthesis. Hypothesizing low microbial diversity in Serjania erecta leaves, we assessed leaf colonization by epiphytic and endophytic fungi. Given its traditional medicinal importance, we estimated diversity in the endophytic fungal microbiome. Analyses included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), isolation of cultivable species, and metagenomics. Epiphytic fungi interacted with S. erecta leaf tissues, horizontally transmitted via stomata/trichome bases, expressing traits for nematode trapping. Cultivable endophytic fungi, known for phytopathogenic habits, didn't induce dysbiosis symptoms. This study confirms low leaf microbiome diversity in S. erecta, with a tendency towards more fungal species, likely due to antibacterial secondary metabolite selection. The classification of Halicephalobus sp. sequence corroborated the presence of nematode eggs on the epidermal surface of S. erecta by SEM. In addition, we confirmed the presence of methanogenic archaea and a considerable number of methanotrophs of the genus Methylobacterium. The metagenomic study of endophytic fungi highlighted plant growth-promoting yeasts, mainly Malassezia, Leucosporidium, Meyerozyma, and Hannaella. Studying endophytic fungi and S. erecta microbiomes can elucidate their impact on beneficial bioactive compound production, on the other hand, it is possible that the bioactive compounds produced by this plant can recruit specific microorganisms, impacting the biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samylla Tássia Ferreira de Freitas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano - campus Rio Verde, Highway Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition, Instituto Federal Goiano, campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Layara Alexandre Bessa
- Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition, Instituto Federal Goiano, campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Ueric José Borges de Souza
- Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Tocantins, Campus of Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77410-570, Brazil
| | - Damiana Souza Santos Augusto
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano - campus Rio Verde, Highway Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Giselle Santos de Faria
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano - campus Rio Verde, Highway Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Luciana Cristina Vitorino
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano - campus Rio Verde, Highway Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil.
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2
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Miranda FM, Azevedo VC, Ramos RJ, Renard BY, Piro VC. Hitac: a hierarchical taxonomic classifier for fungal ITS sequences compatible with QIIME2. BMC Bioinformatics 2024; 25:228. [PMID: 38956506 PMCID: PMC11220968 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-024-05839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungi play a key role in several important ecological functions, ranging from organic matter decomposition to symbiotic associations with plants. Moreover, fungi naturally inhabit the human body and can be beneficial when administered as probiotics. In mycology, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was adopted as the universal marker for classifying fungi. Hence, an accurate and robust method for ITS classification is not only desired for the purpose of better diversity estimation, but it can also help us gain a deeper insight into the dynamics of environmental communities and ultimately comprehend whether the abundance of certain species correlate with health and disease. Although many methods have been proposed for taxonomic classification, to the best of our knowledge, none of them fully explore the taxonomic tree hierarchy when building their models. This in turn, leads to lower generalization power and higher risk of committing classification errors. RESULTS Here we introduce HiTaC, a robust hierarchical machine learning model for accurate ITS classification, which requires a small amount of data for training and can handle imbalanced datasets. HiTaC was thoroughly evaluated with the established TAXXI benchmark and could correctly classify fungal ITS sequences of varying lengths and a range of identity differences between the training and test data. HiTaC outperforms state-of-the-art methods when trained over noisy data, consistently achieving higher F1-score and sensitivity across different taxonomic ranks, improving sensitivity by 6.9 percentage points over top methods in the most noisy dataset available on TAXXI. CONCLUSIONS HiTaC is publicly available at the Python package index, BIOCONDA and Docker Hub. It is released under the new BSD license, allowing free use in academia and industry. Source code and documentation, which includes installation and usage instructions, are available at https://gitlab.com/dacs-hpi/hitac .
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M Miranda
- Data Analytics and Computational Statistics, Hasso Plattner Institute, Digital Engineering Faculty, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vasco C Azevedo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rommel J Ramos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Centro de Computação de Alto Desempenho, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Bernhard Y Renard
- Data Analytics and Computational Statistics, Hasso Plattner Institute, Digital Engineering Faculty, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Vitor C Piro
- Data Analytics and Computational Statistics, Hasso Plattner Institute, Digital Engineering Faculty, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Safaie N, Salehi M, Felegari M, Farhadi S, Karimzadeh S, Asadi S, Yang JL, Naghavi MR. Culture-based diversity of endophytic fungi of three species of Ferula grown in Iran. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1363158. [PMID: 38846573 PMCID: PMC11153712 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1363158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A total of 1,348 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from Ferula ovina, F. galbaniflua, and F. persica. They included Eurotiales (16 species), Pleosporales (11 species), Botryosphaeriales (1 species), Cladosporiales (2 species), Helotiales (6 species), Hypocreales (31 species), Sordariales (7 species), Glomerellales (2 species), and Polyporales (1 species). F. ovina had the richest species composition of endophytic fungi, and the endophytic fungi were most abundant in their roots compared to shoots. Chao, Margalef, Shannon, Simpson, Berger-Parker, Menhinick, and Camargo indices showed that F. ovina roots had the most endophytic fungal species. The frequency distribution of fungal species isolated from Ferula spp. fell into the log-series model, and F. ovina roots had the highest Fisher alpha. The dominance indices showed that there are no dominant species in the endophytic fungal community isolated from Ferula spp., indicating community stability. Evenness values were 0.69, 0.90, 0.94, and 0.57 for endophytic fungi isolated from F. ovina roots, F. ovina shoots, F. galbaniflua roots, and F. persica roots, respectively, indicating a species distribution that tends toward evenness. The fungal species community isolated from each of F. ovina roots, F. ovina shoots, F. galbaniflua roots, and F. persica roots was a diverse species group originating from a homogeneous habitat. Their distribution followed a log-normal distribution, suggesting that the interactions of numerous independent environmental factors multiplicatively control species abundances. Principal component analysis showed that the highest species diversity and dominance were observed in the endophytic fungal community isolated from F. ovina and F. persica roots, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Safaie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Salehi
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Felegari
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Farhadi
- Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Samira Karimzadeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Asadi
- Division of Crop Ecology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Dos Reis JBA, Lorenzi AS, Pinho DB, Cortelo PC, do Vale HMM. The hidden treasures in endophytic fungi: a comprehensive review on the diversity of fungal bioactive metabolites, usual analytical methodologies, and applications. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:185. [PMID: 38506928 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the key aspects of the natural metabolite production by endophytic fungi, which has attracted significant attention due to its diverse biological activities and wide range of applications. Synthesized by various fungal species, these metabolites encompass compounds with therapeutic, agricultural, and commercial significance. We delved into strategies and advancements aimed at optimizing fungal metabolite production. Fungal cultivation, especially by Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium, plays a pivotal role in metabolite biosynthesis, and researchers have explored both submerged and solid-state cultivation processes to harness the full potential of fungal species. Nutrient optimization, pH, and temperature control are critical factors in ensuring high yields of the targeted bioactive metabolites especially for scaling up processes. Analytical methods that includes High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Mass Spectrometry (MS), are indispensable for the identification and quantification of the compounds. Moreover, genetic engineering and metabolic pathway manipulation have emerged as powerful tools to enhance metabolite production and develop novel fungal strains with increased yields. Regulation and control mechanisms at the genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic levels are explored to fine-tune the biosynthesis of fungal metabolites. Ongoing research aims to overcome the complexity of the steps involved to ensure the efficient production and utilization of fungal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Danilo Batista Pinho
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Helson Mario Martins do Vale
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
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5
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Zhong L, Niu B, Xiang D, Wu Q, Peng L, Zou L, Zhao J. Endophytic fungi in buckwheat seeds: exploring links with flavonoid accumulation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1353763. [PMID: 38444811 PMCID: PMC10912284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1353763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Buckwheat is a famous edible and medicinal coarse cereal which contain abundant of bioactive flavonoids, such as rutin. In this study, the composition and diversity of endophytic fungi in eight different buckwheat seeds were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of ITS rDNA. Results showed that, the fungal sequences reads were allocated to 272 OTUs, of them, 49 OTUs were shared in eight buckwheat seeds. These endophytic fungi could be classified into 6 phyla, 19 classes, 41 orders, 79 families, 119 genera, and 191 species. At genus level, Alternaria sp. was the domain fungal endophyte. Besides, fungal endophytes belonged to the genera of Epicocum, Cladosporium, Botrytis, Filbobasidium, Stemphylium, and Vishniacozyma were highly abundant in buckwheat seeds. The total flavonoids and rutin contents in tartary buckwheat cultivars (CQ, XQ, CH, K2) were much higher than those in common buckwheat cultivars (HT, T2, T4, T8). For tartary buckwheat cultivars, the total flavonoids and rutin contents were ranging from 2.6% to 3.3% and 0.9% to 1.3%, respectively. Accordingly, the tartary buckwheat samples displayed stronger antioxidant activity than the common buckwheat. Spearman correlation heat map analysis was successfully found that certain fungal species from the genera of Alternaria, Botryosphaeria, Colletorichum and Diymella exhibited significant positive correlation with flavonoids contents. Results of this study preliminary revealed the fungi-plant interaction relationship at secondary metabolite level, and could provide novel strategy for increasing the flavonoids accumulation of buckwheat seeds, as well as improving their quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhong
- College of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Niu
- College of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dabing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianglin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
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Rungjindamai N, Jones EBG. Why Are There So Few Basidiomycota and Basal Fungi as Endophytes? A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:67. [PMID: 38248976 PMCID: PMC10820240 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A review of selected studies on fungal endophytes confirms the paucity of Basidiomycota and basal fungi, with almost 90% attributed to Ascomycota. Reasons for the low number of Basidiomycota and basal fungi, including the Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, and Mortierellomycota, are advanced, including isolation procedure and media, incubation period and the slow growth of basidiomycetes, the identification of non-sporulating isolates, endophyte competition, and fungus-host interactions. We compare the detection of endophytes through culture-dependent methods and culture-independent methods, the role of fungi on senescence of the host plant, and next-generation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawut Rungjindamai
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - E. B. Gareth Jones
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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7
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Cavazos-Vallejo T, Valadez-Lira JA, Orozco-Flores AA, Gomez-Flores R, Ek-Ramos MJ, Quistián-Martínez D, Alcocer-González JM, Tamez-Guerra P. In Planta Detection of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) Strains as Endophytes in Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:22. [PMID: 38202330 PMCID: PMC10781017 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana (B. bassiana) is a significant entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) in agriculture as a sprayable biocontrol agent. It has the potential to be established as an endophyte (ENP) in various crops, resulting in beneficial effects for the host plants, including resistance to pest insects and increased growth and yield. However, it is not known whether a B. bassiana strain has such a favorable impact on the plant, since it is a common soil microorganism. Therefore, techniques that allow strain monitoring will be advantageous. To date, methods for detecting or monitoring a specific EPF strain after external application are scarce. In the present study, an in planta nested PCR technique was standardized to differentiate between three B. bassiana strains (GHA, PTG4, and BB37) established as endophytes in bean plants under laboratory conditions by detecting the insertion profile of four group I introns located in the 28S gene of B. bassiana ribosomal DNA. This technique recognized a distinct pattern of bands of different sizes for each strain, with a sensitivity of 1 pg per 10 ng of plant DNA. This molecular approach may be more effective monitoring B. bassiana strains after application to evaluate their significance on crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Cavazos-Vallejo
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico; (T.C.-V.); (J.A.V.-L.); (A.A.O.-F.); (R.G.-F.); (M.J.E.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - José Alberto Valadez-Lira
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico; (T.C.-V.); (J.A.V.-L.); (A.A.O.-F.); (R.G.-F.); (M.J.E.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - Alonso A. Orozco-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico; (T.C.-V.); (J.A.V.-L.); (A.A.O.-F.); (R.G.-F.); (M.J.E.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico; (T.C.-V.); (J.A.V.-L.); (A.A.O.-F.); (R.G.-F.); (M.J.E.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - María Julissa Ek-Ramos
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico; (T.C.-V.); (J.A.V.-L.); (A.A.O.-F.); (R.G.-F.); (M.J.E.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - Deyanira Quistián-Martínez
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | - Juan Manuel Alcocer-González
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico; (T.C.-V.); (J.A.V.-L.); (A.A.O.-F.); (R.G.-F.); (M.J.E.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico; (T.C.-V.); (J.A.V.-L.); (A.A.O.-F.); (R.G.-F.); (M.J.E.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.)
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de Menezes Souza J, de Menezes Fonseca D, Pinheiro de Souza J, Cordeiro do Nascimento L, Mendes Hughes F, Pereira Bezerra JD, Góes-Neto A, Ferreira-Silva A. Cactus Endophytic Fungi and Bioprospecting for their Enzymes and Bioactive Molecules: A Systematic Review. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301413. [PMID: 37934008 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are associated with plant health and represent a remarkable source of potential of enzymes and bioactive compounds, but the diversity of endophytes remains uncertain and poorly explored, especially in Cactaceae, one of the most species-rich families adapted to growing in arid and semi-arid regions. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the diversity and bioprospecting of endophytic fungi from Cactaceae. We analysed peer-reviewed articles from seven databases using PRISMA guidelines. The results showed that the Cactaceae family is a source of new taxa, but the diversity of endophytic fungi of Cactaceae is little explored, mainly the diversity among tissues and by metagenomics. Bioprospecting studies have shown that these microorganisms can be used in the production of enzymes and larvicidal and antifungal compounds. Our results are relevant as a starting point for researchers to develop studies that expand the knowledge of plant mycobiota in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, as well as comprising a remarkable source of fungal compounds with several biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson de Menezes Souza
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana City, 44036-900, Bahia State, Brazil
| | | | - Jaciara Pinheiro de Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju City, 41100-000, Sergipe State, Brazil
| | - Luciana Cordeiro do Nascimento
- Agricultural Sciences Center, Department of Phytotechnics and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia City, 58397-000, Paraíba State, Brazil
| | - Frederic Mendes Hughes
- Conselho de Curadores das Coleções Científicas and Graduate Program in Zoology, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus City, 45662-900, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Jadson Diogo Pereira Bezerra
- Departament of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia City, 74605-050, Goiás State, Brazil
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte City, 31270-901, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - Alice Ferreira-Silva
- Agricultural Sciences Center, Department of Phytotechnics and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia City, 58397-000, Paraíba State, Brazil
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Cong H, Li C, Wu J, Li L, Jiang J, Cao X. Cultivable Endophyte Resources in Medicinal Plants and Effects on Hosts. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1695. [PMID: 37629552 PMCID: PMC10455732 DOI: 10.3390/life13081695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for medicinal plants and the increasing shortage of resources, improving the quality and yield of medicinal plants and making more effective use of medicinal plants has become an urgent problem to be solved. During the growth of medicinal plants, various adversities can lead to nutrient loss and yield decline. Using traditional chemical pesticides to control the stress resistance of plants will cause serious pollution to the environment and even endanger human health. Therefore, it is necessary to find suitable pesticide substitutes from natural ingredients. As an important part of the microecology of medicinal plants, endophytes can promote the growth of medicinal plants, improve the stress tolerance of hosts, and promote the accumulation of active components of hosts. Endophytes have a more positive and direct impact on the host and can metabolize rich medicinal ingredients, so researchers pay attention to them. This paper reviews the research in the past five years, aiming to provide ideas for improving the quality of medicinal plants, developing more microbial resources, exploring more medicinal natural products, and providing help for the development of research on medicinal plants and endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoying Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (H.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.); (J.J.)
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10
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Dos Reis JBA, Pappas Junior GJ, Lorenzi AS, Pinho DB, Costa AM, Bustamante MMDC, Vale HMMD. How Deep Can the Endophytic Mycobiome Go? A Case Study on Six Woody Species from the Brazilian Cerrado. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050508. [PMID: 37233219 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the complex relationship between plants and endophytic fungi is very important in order to understand the maintenance of biodiversity, equity, stability, and ecosystem functioning. However, knowledge about the diversity of endophytic fungi from species of the native Brazilian Cerrado biome is poorly documented and remains largely unknown. These gaps led us to characterize the diversity of Cerrado endophytic foliar fungi associated with six woody species (Caryocar brasiliense, Dalbergia miscolobium, Leptolobium dasycarpum, Qualea parviflora, Ouratea hexasperma, and Styrax ferrugineus). Additionally, we investigated the influence of host plant identities on the structure of fungal communities. Culture-dependent methods coupled with DNA metabarcoding were employed. Irrespective of the approach, the phylum Ascomycota and the classes Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes were dominant. Using the cultivation-dependent method, 114 isolates were recovered from all the host species and classified into more than 20 genera and 50 species. Over 50 of the isolates belonged to the genus Diaporthe, and were distributed into more than 20 species. Metabarcoding revealed the phyla Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota, and Zoopagomycota. These groups are reported for the first time as components of the endophytic mycobiome of Cerrado plant species. In total, 400 genera were found in all host species. A unique leaf endophytic mycobiome was identified in each host species, which differed not only by the distribution of fungal species, but also by the abundance of shared species. These findings highlight the importance of the Brazilian Cerrado as a reservoir of microbial species, and emphasize how endophytic fungal communities are diversified and adapted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Joannis Pappas Junior
- University of Brasília (UnB), Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular Biology, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- University of Brasília (UnB), Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular Biology, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Danilo Batista Pinho
- University of Brasília (UnB), Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Phytopathology, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Martins Costa
- University of Brasília (UnB), Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Ecology, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Helson Mario Martins do Vale
- University of Brasília (UnB), Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Phytopathology, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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11
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Elawady ME, Hamed AA, Alsallami WM, Gabr EZ, Abdel-Monem MO, Hassan MG. Bioactive Metabolite from Endophytic Aspergillus versicolor SB5 with Anti-Acetylcholinesterase, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041062. [PMID: 37110485 PMCID: PMC10144994 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are a highly unpredictable group of microorganisms that can create a diverse range of secondary metabolites with biological activity. These metabolites enhance the host's ability to tolerate stress caused by various factors, such as disease, insects, pathogens, and herbivores. The secondary metabolites produced by endophytic fungi may have potential applications in agriculture, pharmacy, and medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of secondary metabolites extracted from endophytic fungi. Aspergillus versicolor SB5 was one of the many endophytic fungi isolated from Juncus rigidus and identified genetically with accession number ON872302. Our study utilized fermentation and microbial cultivation techniques to obtain secondary metabolites. During the course of our investigation, we isolated a compound called Physcion (C1) from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor SB5. We subsequently identified that C1 possesses inhibitory activity against COX-2 and LOX-1, with IC50 values of 43.10 and 17.54 µg/mL, respectively, making it an effective anti-inflammatory agent. Moreover, we found that C1 also exhibited potent anticholinesterase activity (86.9 ± 1.21%). In addition to these promising therapeutic properties, our experiments demonstrated that C1 possesses strong antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by its ability to scavenge DPPH, ABTS, O2 radicals, and NO and inhibit lipid peroxidation. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying C1 pharmacological properties, we employed SwissADME web tools to predict the compound's ADME-related physicochemical properties and used Molecular Operating Environment and PyMOL for molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Elawady
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Hamed
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Wamedh M Alsallami
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Ebtsam Z Gabr
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed O Abdel-Monem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Mervat G Hassan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
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12
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Stelmasiewicz M, Świątek Ł, Gibbons S, Ludwiczuk A. Bioactive Compounds Produced by Endophytic Microorganisms Associated with Bryophytes—The “Bryendophytes”. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073246. [PMID: 37050009 PMCID: PMC10096483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutualistic coexistence between the host and endophyte is diverse and complex, including host growth regulation, the exchange of substances like nutrients or biostimulants, and protection from microbial or herbivore attack. The latter is commonly associated with the production by endophytes of bioactive natural products, which also possess multiple activities, including antibacterial, insecticidal, antioxidant, antitumor, and antidiabetic properties, making them interesting and valuable model substances for future development into drugs. The endophytes of higher plants have been extensively studied, but there is a dearth of information on the biodiversity of endophytic microorganisms associated with bryophytes and, more importantly, their bioactive metabolites. For the first time, we name bryophyte endophytes “bryendophytes” to elaborate on this important and productive source of biota. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the diversity of compounds produced by endophytes, emphasizing bioactive molecules from bryendophytes. Moreover, the isolation methods and biodiversity of bryendophytes from mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Stelmasiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy with the Medicinal Plant Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Świątek
- Department of Virology with Viral Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Agnieszka Ludwiczuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy with the Medicinal Plant Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Vaccination of Elms against Dutch Elm Disease—Are the Associated Epiphytes and Endophytes Affected? J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030297. [PMID: 36983465 PMCID: PMC10057572 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dutch elm disease (DED) is causing extensive mortality of ecologically and culturally valuable elm trees (Ulmus spp.). Treatment of elms with the biological vaccine Dutch Trig® has been found to provide effective protection against DED by stimulating the defensive mechanisms of the trees. We hypothesized that the same mechanisms could also affect non-target organisms associated with elms. We explored the possible effects of vaccination on epiphytes (mainly lichens) and fungal endophytes living in the bark and young xylem of treated elms. Epiphyte cover percentage was assessed visually using a grid placed on the trunks, and a culture-based approach was used to study endophytes. Epiphyte cover was lower on the trunks of vaccinated trees as compared with unvaccinated trees, but the difference was not statistically significant. The presence of slow-growing and uncommon endophytes seemed to be reduced in continuously vaccinated elms; however, the highest endophyte diversity was found in elms four years after cessation of the vaccination treatments. Our findings suggest that although vaccination may shape epiphyte and endophyte communities in elms, its impacts are not straightforward. More detailed studies are, therefore, needed to inform the sustainable application of the vaccine as a part of the integrated management of DED.
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