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Mills PC, Owens JG, Reinbold JB, McGowan M, Ellenbergner C, Woldeyohannes S, Satake N. A novel transdermal ketoprofen formulation for analgesia in cattle. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2022; 45:530-542. [PMID: 36057922 PMCID: PMC9826033 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen is registered in many countries for injectable administration in cattle. Because it is soluble in a wide range of excipients, development of a novel transdermal (TD) ketoprofen formulation was pursued to provide a convenient and pain-free route of administration in cattle. One hundred and six excipient combinations were screened using in vitro techniques (Franz diffusion cells), with a 20%(w/v) ketoprofen formulation dissolved in a combination of 45%:45%(v/v) ethanol and isopropyl myristate (IPM) and 10%(v/v) eucalyptus oil achieving maximal penetration of ketoprofen through bovine skin. A bioavailability study was then conducted using a randomized cross-over design (n = 12), including IV, IM (both 3 mg/kg) and TD (10 mg/kg) ketoprofen formulations administered with a one-week washout period between administrations. The IV and IM formulation pharmacokinetic results were as expected. The CMAX , Tmax and AUC0-Last were significantly higher (arithmetic mean ± SD) after TD administration (20.0 ± 6.5 μg/ml, 115 ± 17 min and 3940 ± 1324 μg*min/ml, respectively), compared to IM (11.0 ± 4.0 μg/ml, 74 ± 43 min and 2376 ± 738 μg*min/ml, respectively), although there were no significant differences for T½β . However, dose corrected values CMAX and AUCinf were significantly higher for IM compared to TD. The arithmetic mean bioavailability (F) of the transdermal formulation was 50%. The plasma concentration of the TD formulation at a dose of 10 mg/kg was similar to the IM formulation at 3 mg/kg by 30 min post-dosing with an arithmetic mean ± SD of 7.97 ± 4.38 vs. 8.02 ± 3.55 μg/ml, respectively. The TD formulation was generally well tolerated by cattle, although some local irritation along the site of application was noted after 12 h of exposure during the bioavailability study. Results indicate that this novel TD formulation provides a substantial improvement in administration convenience, may improve animal welfare and end-user safety through needle-free administration, and achieves similar plasma pharmacokinetics to the IM product when administered at 10 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Mills
- School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandGattonAustralia
| | | | | | - Michael McGowan
- School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandGattonAustralia
| | | | | | - Nana Satake
- School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandGattonAustralia
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Kowalska J, Rok J, Rzepka Z, Wrześniok D. Drug-Induced Photosensitivity-From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:723. [PMID: 34451820 PMCID: PMC8401619 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosensitivity is one of the most common cutaneous adverse drug reactions. There are two types of drug-induced photosensitivity: photoallergy and phototoxicity. Currently, the number of photosensitization cases is constantly increasing due to excessive exposure to sunlight, the aesthetic value of a tan, and the increasing number of photosensitizing substances in food, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The risk of photosensitivity reactions relates to several hundred externally and systemically administered drugs, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, psychotropic, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, and antineoplastic drugs. Photosensitivity reactions often lead to hospitalization, additional treatment, medical management, decrease in patient's comfort, and the limitations of drug usage. Mechanisms of drug-induced photosensitivity are complex and are observed at a cellular, molecular, and biochemical level. Photoexcitation and photoconversion of drugs trigger multidirectional biological reactions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and changes in melanin synthesis. These effects contribute to the appearance of the following symptoms: erythema, swelling, blisters, exudation, peeling, burning, itching, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. This article reviews in detail the chemical and biological basis of drug-induced photosensitivity. The following factors are considered: the chemical properties, the influence of individual ranges of sunlight, the presence of melanin biopolymers, and the defense mechanisms of particular types of tested cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (J.K.); (J.R.); (Z.R.)
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Gao YH, Zhu XX, Zhu W, Wu D, Chen DY, Yan YJ, Wu XF, O'Shea DF, Chen ZL. Synthesis and evaluation of novel chlorophyll a derivatives as potent photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111959. [PMID: 31846830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a exhibits excellent photosensitive activity in photosynthesis. The unstability limited its application as photoensitizer drug in photodynamic therapy. Here a series of novel chlorophyll a degradation products pyropheophorbide-a derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for lung cancer in PDT. These compounds have strong absorption in 660-670 nm with high molar extinction coefficient, and fluorescence emission in 660-675 nm upon excitation with 410-415 nm light. They all have much higher ROS yields than pyropheophorbide-a, and compound 10 was even higher than [3-(1-hexyloxyethyl)]-pyrophoeophorbide a (HPPH). Distinctive phototoxicity was observed in vitro and the inhibition effect was in light dose-dependent and drug dose-dependent style. They can effectively inhibit the growth of lung tumor in vivo. Among them, compound 8 and 11 have outstanding photodynamic anti-tumor effects without obvious skin photo-toxicity, so they can act as new drug candidates for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua Gao
- Department of pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xue-Xue Zhu
- Department of pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dan-Ye Chen
- Department of pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yi-Jia Yan
- Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Donal F O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Moore N, Duong M, Gulmez SE, Blin P, Droz C. Pharmacoepidemiology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Therapie 2018; 74:271-277. [PMID: 30477749 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are reversible inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase (COX), mainly used for the symptomatic relief of pain, whether traumatic, infectious, episodic or rheumatologic. Use for the long-term relief of inflammation is waning with the emergence of specific biotherapies. Their effects are related to potency, dosage, and pharmacokinetic or galenic considerations. Adverse reactions are mostly related to COX inhibition, and to the relative COX1 and COX2 inhibition. Over the years have resulted in the withdrawal of some NSAIDs. The most common adverse reactions are: gastrointestinal (COX1) which have declined over time with the emergence of more COX1 sparing drugs and gastroprotection; renal, with an impact on renal function and sodium extraction that is associated with hypertension, heart failure exacerbation, and stress-related renal failure; allergic skin reactions; increased transaminases and acute liver injury which may be idiosyncratic or immunoallergic; increased risk of acute coronary syndromes, initially associated with high-dose long-term use of COX2 specific inhibitors in controlled clinical trials, though more recently there have been indications from poorly controlled observational studies that they could occur with most NSAIDs. Event rates in patients with no overt coronary heart disease are vanishingly low, and the real magnitude of the issue in the treatment of common pain is still unknown. Considering their purely symptomatic effects, they should be used at the lowest possible dose for the shortest possible time, based on the symptomatic relief of pain or fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Moore
- Inserm CIC1401, Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, université de Bordeaux, université de Bordeaux, bâtiment le Tondu, BP 40, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Mai Duong
- Inserm CIC1401, Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, université de Bordeaux, université de Bordeaux, bâtiment le Tondu, BP 40, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sinem Ezgi Gulmez
- Inserm CIC1401, Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, université de Bordeaux, université de Bordeaux, bâtiment le Tondu, BP 40, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Blin
- Inserm CIC1401, Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, université de Bordeaux, université de Bordeaux, bâtiment le Tondu, BP 40, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cecile Droz
- Inserm CIC1401, Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, université de Bordeaux, université de Bordeaux, bâtiment le Tondu, BP 40, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Abstract
Drug-induced photosensitivity reactions are significant adverse effects. Ketoprofen is one of the most common drugs that can cause skin rash in sun-exposed areas. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ketoprofen, are often used for a variety of symptoms, including pain and fever. An understanding of the presentation and clinical course of ketoprofen-induced photosensitivity is necessary to correctly diagnose and manage this condition. Ketoprofen-induced photosensitivity reactions usually present as photoallergic dermatitis, which is a cell-mediated immune process. The benzophenone moiety in ketoprofen plays a major role in ketoprofen's ability to act as a photosensitizer. Several agents, such as fenofibrate and octocrylene have been found to be associated with aggravation of ketoprofen-induced photoallergic dermatitis or cross-photosensitization, and these reactions result from structural similarities with ketoprofen. Treatment of ketoprofen-induced photoallergic dermatitis includes discontinuation of ketoprofen, topical or systemic corticosteroids and avoidance of sun exposure and agents known to exacerbate dermatitis. In conclusion, photoallergic dermatitis is a significant adverse effect of ketoprofen. Some agents known to worsen dermatitis may be found in sun protection products (notably, octocrylene in sunscreen). Educating the patient to avoid these products is critical to treatment. Since NSAIDs, such as ketoprofen, are used commonly for a variety of illnesses, drug-induced photoallergic dermatitis should be high on the differential in individuals using these medications who present with acute onset of a rash in sun-exposed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Yvonne Loh
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Philip R Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Yataba I, Otsuka N, Matsushita I, Matsumoto H, Hoshino Y. The Long-Term Safety of S-Flurbiprofen Plaster for Osteoarthritis Patients: An Open-Label, 52-Week Study. Clin Drug Investig 2016; 36:673-82. [PMID: 27229525 PMCID: PMC4951513 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-016-0412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives The newly developed S-flurbiprofen plaster (SFPP) is a tape-type patch that shows innovative percutaneous absorption. This study was designed to evaluate the safety of a long-term 52-week SFPP application to osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Methods This was a multi-center, open-label, uncontrolled prospective study that included 201 OA patients. SFPP at 40 mg/day was applied to the site of pain in 101 patients and at 80 mg/day (2 patches) in 100 patients at a total of 301 sites for 52 weeks. The affected sites assessed included the knee (192), lumbar spine (66), cervical spine (26), and others (17). Drug safety was evaluated by medical examination, laboratory tests, and examination of vital signs. Efficacy was evaluated by the patient’s and clinician’s global assessments and clinical symptoms. Results Most patients (80.1 %) completed the 52-week SFPP application. The majority of drug-related adverse events (AEs) included mild dermatitis at the application sites and occurred in 46.8 % of the sites. No photosensitive dermatitis was observed. Systemic AEs occurred in 9.0 % of the patients; a serious AE (gastric ulcer hemorrhage) occurred in one patient. No clinically significant changes in the laboratory tests and vital signs were observed. The efficacy evaluation showed an improvement from 2 weeks after the SFPP application, which continued during the 52 weeks’ treatment. Conclusions No apparent safety concerns were observed, even during the long-term SFPP application. Therefore, SFPP could be an additional pharmacotherapy in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Yataba
- Development Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-24-1 Takada, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-8633, Japan
| | - Noboru Otsuka
- Development Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-24-1 Takada, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-8633, Japan.
| | - Isao Matsushita
- Development Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-24-1 Takada, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-8633, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsumoto
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hoshino
- Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Yonezawa Y, Ohsumi T, Miyashita T, Kataoka A, Hashimoto K, Nejishima H, Ogawa H. Evaluation of skin phototoxicity study using SD rats by transdermal and oral administration. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 40:667-83. [PMID: 26558448 DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Guinea pigs are the most frequently used animals in phototoxicity studies. However, general toxicity studies most often use Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. To reduce the number of animals needed for drug development, we examined whether skin phototoxicity studies could be performed using SD rats. A total of 19 drugs that had previously been shown to have phototoxic potential and 3 known phototoxic compounds were administered transdermally to guinea pigs and SD rats. Eleven of the potentially phototoxic drugs and 2 of the known phototoxic compounds were also administered orally to guinea pigs and SD rats. After administration, the animals were irradiated with UV-A (10 J/cm(2)) and UV-B (0.25 J/cm(2) in guinea pigs and 0.031 J/cm(2) in SD rats) with doses based on standard phototoxicity study guidelines and the results of a minimum erythema dose test, respectively. In the transdermal administration study, all of the known phototoxic compounds and 7 of the drugs induced phototoxic reactions. In the oral administration study, both known phototoxic compounds and 5 drugs induced phototoxic reactions in both species; one compound each was found to be toxic only in SD rats or guinea pigs. The concordance rate of guinea pigs and SD rats was 100% in the transdermal administration study and 85% in the oral administration study. This study demonstrated that phototoxicity studies using SD rats have the same potential to detect phototoxic compounds as studies using guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yonezawa
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department Drug Research Center Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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Yataba I, Otsuka N, Matsushita I, Matsumoto H, Hoshino Y. Efficacy of S-flurbiprofen plaster in knee osteoarthritis treatment: Results from a phase III, randomized, active-controlled, adequate, and well-controlled trial. Mod Rheumatol 2016; 27:130-136. [PMID: 27168463 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1176624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES S-flurbiprofen plaster (SFPP) is a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) patch, intended for topical treatment for musculoskeletal diseases. This trial was conducted to examine the effectiveness of SFPP using active comparator, flurbiprofen (FP) patch, on knee osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms. METHODS This was a phase III, multi-center, randomized, adequate, and well-controlled trial, both investigators and patients were blinded to the assigned treatment. Enrolled 633 knee OA patients were treated with either SFPP or FP patch for two weeks. The primary endpoint was improvement in knee pain on rising from the chair as assessed by visual analogue scale (rVAS). Safety was evaluated through adverse events (AEs). RESULTS The change in rVAS was 40.9 mm in SFPP group and 30.6 mm in FP patch group (p < 0.001). The incidence of drug-related AEs at the application site was 9.5% (32 AEs, 29 mild and 3 moderate) in SFPP and 1.6% in FP patch (p < 0.001). Withdrawals due to AE were five in SFPP and one in FP patch. CONCLUSIONS The superiority of SFPP in efficacy was demonstrated. Most of AEs were mild and few AEs led to treatment discontinuation. Therefore, SFPP provides an additional option for knee OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Yataba
- a Development Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Noboru Otsuka
- a Development Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Isao Matsushita
- a Development Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hideo Matsumoto
- b Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University , Tokyo , Japan , and
| | - Yuichi Hoshino
- c Orthopedics Surgery, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University , Tochigi , Japan
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Seto Y, Ohtake H, Kato M, Onoue S. Phototoxic Risk Assessments on Benzophenone Derivatives: Photobiochemical Assessments and Dermal Cassette-Dosing Pharmacokinetic Study. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:195-202. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.223644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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10
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Goossens A. New insights into methylisothiazolinones and octocrylene contact allergy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/edm.11.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Seto Y, Inoue R, Kato M, Yamada S, Onoue S. Photosafety assessments on pirfenidone: Photochemical, photobiological, and pharmacokinetic characterization. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 120:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kawashima Y, Someya Y, Sato S, Shirato K, Jinde M, Ishida S, Akimoto S, Kobayashi K, Sakakibara Y, Suzuki Y, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi K. Dietary zinc-deficiency and its recovery responses in rat liver cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase activities. J Toxicol Sci 2011; 36:101-8. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yui Someya
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Shogo Sato
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Ken Shirato
- Department of Disease Glycomics, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University
| | - Manabu Jinde
- School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Sanshi Ishida
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Shunta Akimoto
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Kyoko Kobayashi
- Department of Living and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Joetsu University of Education
| | - Yuko Sakakibara
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Yuko Suzuki
- Department of Living and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Joetsu University of Education
| | - Kaoru Tachiyashiki
- Department of Living and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Joetsu University of Education
| | - Kazuhiko Imaizumi
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
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SAKAKIBARA Y, SATO S, KAWASHIMA Y, SOMEYA Y, SHIRATO K, TACHIYASHIKI K, IMAIZUMI K. Different Recovery Responses from Dietary Zinc-Deficiency in the Distribution of Rat Granulocytes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2011; 57:197-201. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Titanium dioxide inclusion in backing reduce the photoallergenicity of ketoprofen transdermal patch. Arch Toxicol 2010; 85:219-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Atarashi K, Kabashima K, Akiyama K, Tokura Y. Skin application of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen downmodulates the antigen-presenting ability of Langerhans cells in mice. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159:306-13. [PMID: 18565185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketoprofen (KP) is widely used as a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis. As PGE(2) upregulates the antigen-presenting activity of Langerhans cells (LCs), i.e. migration to lymph nodes and expression of immunocompetent molecules, modulation of LC functions resulting from topical application of KP is an issue to be clarified. OBJECTIVES To investigate the in vivo effect of KP application to the skin and the in vitro effect of KP addition to the culture on the antigen-presenting ability of murine LCs. Methods Ears of BALB/c mice were painted with picryl chloride (PCl) hapten, KP or both. An immunofluorescence study of epidermal sheets and a flow cytometric analysis of epidermal cell suspensions from the treated ears were performed. RESULTS PCl altered the morphology of LCs and reduced their number, and simultaneous application of 10% KP maintained LC morphology and number. KP at 5% or 10% clearly decreased the PCl-augmented expression of major histocompatibility complex class II and CD86 on LCs. In cultivation of freshly isolated epidermal cells, 5 mmol L(-1) KP inhibited the culture-promoted expression of these molecules on LCs, whereas 100 micromol L(-1) indomethacin was not inhibitory. The further addition of PGE(2) to the KP-containing epidermal cell culture did not restore the expression of these molecules. Moreover, topical application of 10% KP to the sensitizing sites suppressed the development of contact hypersensitivity to PCl. CONCLUSIONS KP may have the potential to inhibit the antigen-presenting ability of LCs, in a PGE(2)-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Atarashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanish-Ku, Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan.
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Devleeschouwer V, Roelandts R, Garmyn M, Goossens A. Allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen: results of (photo) patch testing and follow-up of 42 patients. Contact Dermatitis 2008; 58:159-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lee BS, Choi YG, Son WC, Jung KM, Kim JJ, Kim BH. Ketoprofen: experimental overview of dermal toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2007; 81:743-8. [PMID: 17380321 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-007-0199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ketoprofen (KP) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). However, an increasing number of case reports suggest that in broad use, KP can cause allergic dermatitis. Most of these adverse effects have been attributed to the photoallergic potential of KP and photosensitivity. With the exception of a few reports in experimental animals, there is little evidence that KP actually causes dermal toxicity. In this study, in order to investigate the eventual underlying causes of KP dermal toxicity, we conducted primary irritation, skin cumulative, skin sensitization, phototoxicity and photosensitization tests in rodents and rabbits. Primary irritation and skin cumulative testing using New Zealand white rabbits revealed that application of KP (22, 15 and 10%) did not induce erythema or edema formation. Moreover, in skin sensitization and skin phototoxicity testing, using Hartley albino guinea pigs, there was no evidence of allergic or phototoxic potential. In the photosensitization test, KP induced skin reactions in six of eight guinea pigs with signs of erythema on the application site. Histologically, in photosensitized skin, epidermal hyperplasia, including incremental stratum granulosum, acanthosis, keratinocyte hypertrophy and dermal inflammatory cell infiltration, was observed. In this animal study, no primary irritation, cumulative irritation, skin sensitization or skin phototoxicity was observed with KP treatment. However, we identified photosensitization as the underlying cause of KP dermal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Seok Lee
- Preclinical Center, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, 314-1 Boradong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 449-729, South Korea
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