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Hekal MH, Farag PS, Hemdan MM, El-Sayed AA, Hassaballah AI, El-Sayed WM. New 1,3,4-thiadiazoles as potential anticancer agents: pro-apoptotic, cell cycle arrest, molecular modelling, and ADMET profile. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15810-15825. [PMID: 37250214 PMCID: PMC10209631 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02716c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazoles was synthesized via the reaction of N-(5-(2-cyanoacetamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzamide (3) with different carbon electrophiles and evaluated as potential anticancer agents. The chemical structures of these derivatives were fully elucidated using various spectral and elemental analyses. Out of 24 new thiadiazoles, derivatives 4, 6b, 7a, 7d, and 19 have significant antiproliferative activity. However, derivatives 4, 7a, and 7d were toxic to the normal fibroblasts, and therefore were excluded from further investigations. Derivatives 6b and 19 with IC50 at less than 10 μM and with high selectivity were selected for further studies in breast cells (MCF-7). Derivative 19 arrested the breast cells at G2/M probably through inhibition of CDK1, while 6b significantly increased the sub-G1 percent of cells probably through induction of necrosis. These results were confirmed by the annexin V-PI assay where 6b did not induce apoptosis and increased the necrotic cells to 12.5%, and compound 19 significantly increased the early apoptosis to 15% and increased the necrotic cells to 15%. Molecular docking showed that compound 19 was like FB8, an inhibitor of CDK1, in binding the CDK1 pocket. Therefore, compound 19 could be a potential CDK1 inhibitor. Derivatives 6b and 19 did not violate Lipinski's rule of five. In silico studies showed that these derivatives have a low blood-brain barrier penetration capability and high intestinal absorption. Taken together, derivatives 6b and 19 could serve as potential anticancer agents and merit further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Hekal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Paula S Farag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Magdy M Hemdan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Amira A El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Aya I Hassaballah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Wael M El-Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt +202 2684 2123 +202 2482 1633
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2
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Khan R, Panja S, Ding L, Tang S, Tang W, Kapoor E, Bennett RG, Oupický D. Polymeric Chloroquine as an Effective Antimigration Agent in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4631-4643. [PMID: 36346968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been the subject of multiple recent preclinical and clinical studies for its beneficial use in the combination treatments of different types of cancers. Polymeric HCQ (PCQ), a macromolecular multivalent version of HCQ, has been shown to be effective in various cancer models both in vitro and in vivo as an inhibitor of cancer cell migration and experimental lung metastasis. Here, we present detailed in vitro studies that show that low concentrations of PCQ can efficiently inhibit cancer cell migration and colony formation orders of magnitude more effectively compared to HCQ. After intraperitoneal administration of PCQ in vivo, high levels of tumor accumulation and penetration are observed, combined with strong antimetastatic activity in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer model. These studies support the idea that PCQ may be effectively used at low doses as an adjuvant in the therapy of pancreatic cancer. In conjunction with previously published literature, these studies further undergird the potential of PCQ as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubayat Khan
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Sudipta Panja
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Ling Ding
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Weimin Tang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Ekta Kapoor
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Robert G Bennett
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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3
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Dasgupta S, Kar K, Barua A, Ghosh D, Kabi B, Dewan K, Chandra A. A significantly non-toxic novel Cobalt(III) Schiff base complex induces apoptosis via G2-M cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Life Sci 2022; 308:120963. [PMID: 36113731 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Metal complexes have ignited considerable interest in the field of chemotherapy after the serendipitous discovery of cisplatin but the severe toxicity of these platinum-based drugs compelled researchers to search for newer, more effective lesser toxic anticancer drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Structural analysis is done by different physicochemical techniques including X-ray single crystallography. Toxicity study has been done in normal Swiss albino mice. MTT assay assessed cell viability. Apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and cell proliferation were assessed by FACS using Annexin V-PI, PI, and CFSE staining respectively. Western blot quantifies protein expression. While cell migration was studied by wound healing assay. KEY FINDINGS One-pot synthesis of a novel mononuclear cobalt(III)-Schiff base complex (1) (>99 % purity) and its complete characterization have been done. Cell viability assay showed that 1 (IC50 = 16.81 ± 1.33 μM) exhibits cytotoxicity at much lower concentration in comparison to oxaliplatin (IC50 = 31.4 ± 0.69 μM) against MCF-7 cells for 24 h of therapy without being overly toxic to human PBMCs (IC50 ≥ 60 μM). Additional in vitro studies demonstrated that 1 induces apoptosis via G2-M cell cycle arrest and reduces cell proliferation as well as cell migration in MCF-7 cells. In vivo subacute toxicity (28 days) and systemic chronic toxicity (40 days) studies were carried out in normal Swiss albino mice showed 1 is significantly nontoxic to the host. SIGNIFICANCE The readily synthesizable, significantly nontoxic cobalt complex with appreciable anticancer activity implies that it might be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for new-age anti-tumor medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Dasgupta
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Kanisha Kar
- Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S.P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Atish Barua
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America
| | - Diya Ghosh
- Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S.P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Bikash Kabi
- Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S.P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Koushik Dewan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108 CR Avenue, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Arpita Chandra
- Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S.P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India.
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Monga J, Suthar SK, Rohila D, Joseph A, Chauhan CS, Sharma M. (+)-Cyanidan-3-ol inhibits epidermoid squamous cell carcinoma growth via inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling through modulating CIP2A-PP2A axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154116. [PMID: 35525235 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in the treatment of squamous cell skin cancer (SCSC), the disease persists, and treatment resistance develops. Thus, identifying new targets and developing new therapeutic approaches showing low vulnerability to drug resistance is highly needed. PURPOSE This study aimed to reveal a novel targeted phytotherapeutic strategy for SCSC treatment alone or in combination with standard targeted anticancer molecules. STUDY DESIGN A library of natural products was utilized to identify molecules that inhibit the growth of skin cancer cells. The anticancer potential of the selected compound was evaluated in human skin squamous carcinoma models, in vitro and in vivo. A comprehensive ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) strategy and molecular biology technology was adopted to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms in human SCSC. METHODS The Matrigel invasion chamber, foci formation and soft agar colony formation assays were employed to study the cells invasion and migration potential in vitro. In vivo antitumor effects were evaluated in DMBA/TPA-induced skin papilloma and A431 human skin squamous carcinoma xenograft tumor models. An integrative IPA was employed to identify mechanisms and protein targets in human SCSC.Compounds synergies were determined by the bliss model and evaluated using human SCSC cell lines and xenograft tumors. Histological staining, immunofluorescence imaging, real-time PCR, Western blots, and flow cytometric analyses were employed to analyze apoptosis and cell signaling mechanisms. RESULTS We identified (+)-cyanidan-3-ol (CD-3) as a selective compound for inhibiting the growth of SCSC cell lines. CD-3 inhibited tumor growth and burden without apparent toxicity and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. CD-3 inhibitory effects on SCSC growth are mediated via cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis induction. Mechanistic studies showed that CD-3 activates PP2A via inhibiting CIP2A and produces tumor growth inhibitory effects via promoting dephosphorylation of oncogenic AKT/mTOR signaling proteins in SCSC cells and xenograft tumors in a PP2A dependent manner. Furthermore, the combination of CD-3 and mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) synergistically reduced oncogenic phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that PP2A activation is an effective strategy for SCSC treatment and the CD-3 and mTORi combination may serve as a promising treatment for SCSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Monga
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan 173234, India.
| | - Sharad Kumar Suthar
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan 173234, India.
| | - Deepak Rohila
- Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Alex Joseph
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Chetan Singh Chauhan
- Bhupal Nobles' Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur 313001, India
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan 173234, India; College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University, Mullana 133203, India.
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5
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Yan Q, Zhang B, Ling X, Zhu B, Mei S, Yang H, Zhang D, Huo J, Zhao Z. CTLA-4 Facilitates DNA Damage–Induced Apoptosis by Interacting With PP2A. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:728771. [PMID: 35281086 PMCID: PMC8907142 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.728771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses. It accumulates in intracellular compartments, translocates to the cell surface, and is rapidly internalized. However, the cytoplasmic function of CTLA-4 remains largely unknown. Here, we describe the role of CTLA-4 as an immunomodulator in the DNA damage response to genotoxic stress. Using isogenic models of murine T cells with either sufficient or deficient CTLA-4 expression and performing a variety of assays, including cell apoptosis, cell cycle, comet, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence staining analyses, we show that CTLA-4 activates ataxia–telangiectasia mutated (ATM) by binding to the ATM inhibitor protein phosphatase 2A into the cytoplasm of T cells following transient treatment with zeocin, exacerbating the DNA damage response and inducing apoptosis. These findings provide new insights into how T cells maintain their immune function under high-stress conditions, which is clinically important for patients with tumors undergoing immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiping Huo
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Zhao,
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6
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Zhang ZH, Hong Q, Zhang ZC, Xing WY, Xu S, Tian QX, Ye QL, Wang H, Yu DX, Xie DD, Xu DX. ROS-mediated genotoxic stress is involved in NaAsO 2-induced cell cycle arrest, stemness enhancement and chemoresistance of prostate cancer cells in a p53-independent manner. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111436. [PMID: 33039867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies reported that chronic arsenic exposure increased risk of prostate cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether chronic NaAsO2 exposure elevates stemness and chemoresistance in prostate cancer cells. DU145 (wild-type p53) and PC-3 (p53-null) cells were exposed to NaAsO2 (2 μmol/L) for 30 generations. IC50s to docetaxel and cisplatin were increased in NaAsO2-exposed DU145 and PC-3 cells. The number of tumor spheres was elevated in NaAsO2-exposed DU145 and PC-3 cells. Nanog, SOX-2 and ALDH1A1, three markers of cancer stemness, were upregulated in NaAsO2-exposed PC-3 spheres. Moreover, NaAsO2-exposed DU145 and PC-3 cells were arrested in G2/M phase. Histone H2AX phosphorylation on Ser139, an indicator for DNA double-strand break, was upregulated in NaAsO2-exposed DU145 and PC-3 cells. ATM phosphorylation on Ser1981, a key sensor of genotoxic stress, was rapidly elevated in NaAsO2-exposed DU145 cells. Phosphor-p53, a downstream molecule of ATM signaling, and p21, a direct target of p53, were upregulated in NaAsO2-exposed DU145 cells. Unexpectedly, p21 was also elevated in NaAsO2-exposed p53-null PC-3 cells. Antioxidant NAC alleviated NaAsO2-induced ATM phosphorylation, cell cycle arrest, and subsequent stemness enhancement and chemoresistance in both DU145 and PC-3 cells. These results suggest that ROS-mediated genotoxic stress is involved in NaAsO2-induced cell cycle arrest, stemness enhancement and chemoresistance of prostate cancer cells in a p53-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qian Hong
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-Yang Xing
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shen Xu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qi-Xing Tian
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qing-Lin Ye
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xin Yu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Dong-Dong Xie
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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7
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Xun R, Lu H, Wang X. Identification of CDC25C as a Potential Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Bioinformatics Analysis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820967474. [PMID: 33111630 PMCID: PMC7607810 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820967474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most aggressive type of gastrointestinal tumor, with a high rate of mortality. However, identifying biomarkers for the treatment of HCC remains to be developed. We aimed to determine whether cell division cycle 25C (CDC25C) could be used as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in HCC. Expression of CDC25C in HCC was analyzed by using GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis) and UALCAN databases. GEPIA and CBioPortal databases were applied to analyze patients’survival and CDC25C mutations, respectively. PPI (Protein-Protein Interaction) network was further built by STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes) and Metascape Web portals. To the best of our knowledge, the novel observations identified in the present study reveal that the expression of CDC25C in HCC was significantly enhanced when compare to that in normal liver tissues (P < 0.001). A higher CDC25C expression resulted in a remarkably shorter disease free survival as well as overall survival. Moreover, the expression of CDC25C in HCC was related to HCC patients’grade and race, but not gender. The expression levels of CDC25C elevated gradually from stage 1 to 3 but decreased in stage 4. The specific gene mutations V41A, L87 H, N222 K and X309-splice of CDC25C occurred in HCC samples and these unique mutations were not detected in any other tumor tissues. Finally, PPI networks and GO enrichment analysis suggested that CDC25C might be associated with cell cycle and p53 signaling pathway. Taken together, bioinformatics analysis revealed that CDC25C might be a potential diagnostic predictor for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Xun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic, Peoples Hospital of Linquan County, Fuyang, China
| | - Hougen Lu
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second School of Clinical Medicine & Jingzhou Central Hospital, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xianwang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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8
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Pan Z, Zhang X, Yu P, Chen X, Lu P, Li M, Liu X, Li Z, Wei F, Wang K, Zheng Q, Li D. Cinobufagin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest at the G2/M Phase and Promotes Apoptosis in Malignant Melanoma Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:853. [PMID: 31552178 PMCID: PMC6738445 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that cinobufagin, as an active ingredient of Venenum Bufonis, inhibits tumor development. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of cinobufagin on A375 human malignant melanoma cells. MTT and colony formation assays showed that cinobufagin significantly inhibited A375 cell proliferation and cell colony formation. Additional studies demonstrated that cinobufagin markedly increased the levels of ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM) and checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) and decreased the levels of cell division cycle 25C (CDC25C), cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and cyclin B, subsequently inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest in A375 cells. Moreover, cinobufagin clearly inhibited the levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), AKT, p-AKT, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). By contrast, it increased the levels of Bcl-2-associated death promoter, Bcl-2-associated X, cytoplasmic cytochrome C, and apoptotic protease activating factor 1, leading to increased levels of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3, resulting in the apoptosis of A375 cells. Together, these results indicate that cinobufagin can induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis, leading to inhibition of A375/B16 cell proliferation. Thus, cinobufagin may be useful for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohai Pan
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Minjing Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Fei Wei
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Defang Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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9
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Lee JH, Mand MR, Kao CH, Zhou Y, Ryu SW, Richards AL, Coon JJ, Paull TT. ATM directs DNA damage responses and proteostasis via genetically separable pathways. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaan5598. [PMID: 29317520 PMCID: PMC5898228 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan5598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase ATM is a master regulator of the DNA damage response but also responds directly to oxidative stress. Loss of ATM causes ataxia telangiectasia, a neurodegenerative disorder with pleiotropic symptoms that include cerebellar dysfunction, cancer, diabetes, and premature aging. We genetically separated the activation of ATM by DNA damage from that by oxidative stress using separation-of-function mutations. We found that deficient activation of ATM by the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex and DNA double-strand breaks resulted in loss of cell viability, checkpoint activation, and DNA end resection in response to DNA damage. In contrast, loss of oxidative activation of ATM had minimal effects on DNA damage-related outcomes but blocked ATM-mediated initiation of checkpoint responses after oxidative stress and resulted in deficiencies in mitochondrial function and autophagy. In addition, expression of a variant ATM incapable of activation by oxidative stress resulted in widespread protein aggregation. These results indicate a direct relationship between the mechanism of ATM activation and its effects on cellular metabolism and DNA damage responses in human cells and implicate ATM in the control of protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael R Mand
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chung-Hsuan Kao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Seung W Ryu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alicia L Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tanya T Paull
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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10
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Ameer SS, Engström K, Hossain MB, Concha G, Vahter M, Broberg K. Arsenic exposure from drinking water is associated with decreased gene expression and increased DNA methylation in peripheral blood. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 321:57-66. [PMID: 28242323 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to inorganic arsenic increases the risk of cancer and non-malignant diseases. Inefficient arsenic metabolism is a marker for susceptibility to arsenic toxicity. Arsenic may alter gene expression, possibly by altering DNA methylation. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the associations between arsenic exposure, gene expression, and DNA methylation in peripheral blood, and the modifying effects of arsenic metabolism. METHODS The study participants, women from the Andes, Argentina, were exposed to arsenic via drinking water. Arsenic exposure was assessed as the sum of arsenic metabolites in urine (U-As), using high performance liquid-chromatography hydride-generation inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry, and arsenic metabolism efficiency was assessed by the urinary fractions (%) of the individual metabolites. Genome-wide gene expression (N=80 women) and DNA methylation (N=93; 80 overlapping with gene expression) in peripheral blood were measured using Illumina DirectHyb HumanHT-12 v4.0 and Infinium Human-Methylation 450K BeadChip, respectively. RESULTS U-As concentrations, ranging 10-1251μg/L, was associated with decreased gene expression: 64% of the top 1000 differentially expressed genes were down-regulated with increasing U-As. U-As was also associated with hypermethylation: 87% of the top 1000CpGs were hypermethylated with increasing U-As. The expression of six genes and six individual CpG sites were significantly associated with increased U-As concentration. Pathway analyses revealed enrichment of genes related to cell death and cancer. The pathways differed somewhat depending on arsenic metabolism efficiency. We found no overlap between arsenic-related gene expression and DNA methylation for individual genes. CONCLUSIONS Increased arsenic exposure was associated with lower gene expression and hypermethylation in peripheral blood, but with no evident overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Shegufta Ameer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Engström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals & Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Bakhtiar Hossain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Concha
- Science Department, Risk Benefit Assessment Unit, National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals & Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals & Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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miR-192 Induces G2/M Growth Arrest in Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:996-1009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Okamura K, Miki D, Nohara K. Inorganic arsenic exposure induces E2F-dependent G0/G1 arrest via an increase in retinoblastoma family protein p130 in B-cell lymphoma A20 cells. Genes Cells 2013; 18:839-49. [PMID: 23890198 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic exerts toxic effect on multiple systems including the immune system. We previously showed in a study on mouse thymocytes and B-cell lymphoma A20 cells that arsenite induces cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 by suppressing expression of E2F-target genes. In this study, we furthermore investigated the involvement of retinoblastoma (RB) family proteins in E2F-dependent cell cycle arrest by arsenite. Arsenite exposure of A20 cells was showed to increase the protein level of p130, a RB family member, without changing the mRNA level. Suppression of arsenite-induced p130 by siRNA reduced the G0/G1 phase, indicating that p130 accumulation is responsible for arsenite-induced G0/G1 arrest. The accumulated p130 was shown to increase the p130 complex with E2F4, a transcription-suppressing E2F. Comparison by Western blotting of arsenite-induced p130 and p130 accumulated by a proteasome inhibitor suggested that arsenite-induced p130 is hypophosphorylated and hypoubiquitinated and refractory to proteasome-dependent degradation. We also showed that arsenite increases mRNA and protein of p16(INK4a), an inhibitor of CDK4/6 that phosphorylates p130. Down-regulation of arsenite-induced p16(INK4a) by siRNA suppressed the p130 accumulation. We propose a novel mechanism in which arsenite inhibits phosphorylation/ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation of p130 by inducing p16(INK4a) and the accumulated p130 causes cell cycle arrest with E2F4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Okamura
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
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Bhattacharjee P, Banerjee M, Giri AK. Role of genomic instability in arsenic-induced carcinogenicity. A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 53:29-40. [PMID: 23314041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chronic arsenic toxicity is associated with cancer. Although unstable genome is a characteristic feature of cancer cells, the mechanisms leading to genomic instability in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis are poorly understood. While there are excellent reviews relating to genomic instability in general, there is no comprehensive review presenting the mechanisms involved in arsenic-induced genomic instability. This review was undertaken to present the current state of research in this area and to highlight the major mechanisms that may involved in arsenic-induced genomic instability leading to cancer. Genomic instability is broadly classified into chromosomal instability (CIN), primarily associated with mitotic errors; and microsatellite instability (MIN), associated with DNA level instability. Arsenic-induced genomic instability is essentially multi-factorial in nature and involves molecular cross-talk across several cellular pathways, and is modulated by a number of endogenous and exogenous factors. Arsenic and its metabolites generate oxidative stress, which in turn induces genomic instability through DNA damage, irreversible DNA repair, telomere dysfunction, mitotic arrest and apoptosis. In addition to genetic alteration; epigenetic regulation through promoter methylation and miRNA expression alters gene expression profiling leading to genome more vulnerable and unstable towards cancer risk. Moreover, mutations or silencing of pro-apoptotic genes can lead to genomic instability by allowing survival of damaged cells that would otherwise die. Although a large body of information is now generated regarding arsenic-induced carcinogenesis; further studies exploring genome-wide association, role of environment and diet are needed for a better understanding of the arsenic-induced genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata-700 032, India
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Chen JH, Tsou TC, Chiu IM, Chou CC. Proliferation Inhibition, DNA Damage, and Cell-Cycle Arrest of Human Astrocytoma Cells after Acrylamide Exposure. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1449-58. [DOI: 10.1021/tx1000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hang Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 480 West Ninth Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Center
| | - Tsui-Chun Tsou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 480 West Ninth Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Center
| | - Ing-Ming Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 480 West Ninth Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Center
| | - Chin-Cheng Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 480 West Ninth Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Center
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Dimethylarsinic Acid in Drinking Water Changed the Morphology of Urinary Bladder but Not the Expression of DNA Repair Genes of Bladder Transitional Epithelium in F344 Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2009; 37:425-37. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623309334147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic increases urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma in humans. In F344 rats, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA[V]) increases transitional cell carcinoma. Arsenic-induced inhibition of DNA repair has been reported in cultured cell lines and in lymphocytes of arsenic-exposed humans, but it has not been studied in urinary bladder. Should inhibition of DNA damage repair in transitional epithelium occur, it may contribute to carcinogenesis or cocarcinogenesis. We investigated morphology and expression of DNA repair genes in F344 rat transitional cells following up to 100 ppm DMA(V) in drinking water for four weeks. Mitochondria were very sensitive to DMA(V), and swollen mitochondria appeared to be the main source of vacuoles in the transitional epithelium. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time RT PCR) showed the mRNA levels of tested DNA repair genes, ataxia telangectasia mutant (ATM), X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1), excision repair cross-complementing group 3/xeroderma pigmentosum B (ERCC3/XPB), and DNA polymerase β (Polβ), were not altered by DMA(V). These data suggested that either DMA(V) does not affect DNA repair in the bladder or DMA(V) affects DNA repair without affecting baseline mRNA levels of repair genes. The possibility remains that DMA(V) may lower damage-induced increases in repair gene expression or cause post-translational modification of repair enzymes.
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Habib GM. p53 regulates Hsp90beta during arsenite-induced cytotoxicity in glutathione-deficient cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 481:101-9. [PMID: 18996350 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p53, a tumor suppressor and transcription factor, is a critical modulator in the cellular response to stress. Exposure of glutathione-deficient GCS-2 cells to arsenite significantly phosphorylated and stabilized p53. In addition, p53 transcriptionally repressed Hsp90beta gene expression. Mutation analysis revealed a p53 binding site in the 5' flanking region responsible for the regulation of Hsp90beta gene. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that p53 is bound to Hsp90beta promoter region. ATM kinase, a major determinant in the modulation of p53 specifically affected its phosphorylation at Ser-15. ATM kinase-mediated phosphorylation of p53 is regulated through phosphorylation of Chk2. Down-regulation of ATM and Chk2 by their small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) attenuated the arsenite-induced phosphorylation of p53 and restored Hsp90beta mRNA levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that arsenite acts through ATM and Chk2 to induce phosphorylation of p53. This results in the transcriptional repression of Hsp90beta, under GSH-deficient conditions which may play a role in arsenic-mediated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha M Habib
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Nohara K, Ao K, Miyamoto Y, Suzuki T, Imaizumi S, Tateishi Y, Omura S, Tohyama C, Kobayashi T. Arsenite-Induced Thymus Atrophy is Mediated by Cell Cycle Arrest: A Characteristic Downregulation of E2F-Related Genes Revealed by a Microarray Approach. Toxicol Sci 2007; 101:226-38. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Suzuki K, Inageda K, Nishitai G, Matsuoka M. Phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15 in A549 pulmonary epithelial cells exposed to vanadate: involvement of ATM pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 220:83-91. [PMID: 17292432 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2006] [Revised: 12/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
When A549 cells were exposed to sodium metavanadate (NaVO(3)), the pentavalent species of vanadium (vanadate), phosphorylation of p53 protein at Ser15 was found in a time (8-48 h)- and dose (10-200 microM)-dependent manner. After the incubation with 50 or 100 microM NaVO(3) for 48 h, accumulation of p53 protein was accompanied with Ser15 phosphorylation. Among serines in p53 protein immunoprecipitated from A549 cells treated with 100 microM NaVO(3) for 48 h, only Ser15 was markedly phosphorylated. Treatment with other vanadate compounds, sodium orthovanadate (Na(3)VO(4)) and ammonium metavanadate (NH(4)VO(3)), also induced Ser15 phosphorylation and accumulation of p53 protein. While phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) was found in cells treated with NaVO(3), treatment with U0126 did not suppress Ser15 phosphorylation. On the other hand, treatment with wortmannin or caffeine, the inhibitors to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase related kinases (PIKKs), suppressed both NaVO(3)-induced Ser15 phosphorylation and accumulation of p53 protein. The silencing of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) expression using short-interference RNA resulted in the marked suppression of Ser15 phosphorylation in A549 cells exposed to NaVO(3). However, treatment with antioxidants such as catalase and N-acetylcysteine did not suppress NaVO(3)-induced Ser15 phosphorylation. Transcriptional activation of p53 and DNA fragmentation in A549 cells treated with NaVO(3) were suppressed only slightly by S15A mutation, suggesting that Ser15 phosphorylation is not essential for these responses. The present results showed that vanadate induces the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 depending on ATM, one of the members of PIKK family, in this human pulmonary epithelial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsura Suzuki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health I, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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