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Lee J, Huchthausen J, Schlichting R, Scholz S, Henneberger L, Escher BI. Validation of an SH-SY5Y Cell-Based Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Assay for Water Quality Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:3046-3057. [PMID: 36165561 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assay has been frequently applied for environmental monitoring to capture insecticides such as organothiophosphates (OTPs) and carbamates. However, natural organic matter such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) co-extracted with solid-phase extraction from environmental samples can produce false-negative AChE inhibition in free enzyme-based AChE assays. We evaluated whether disturbance by DOC can be alleviated in a cell-based AChE assay using differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The exposure duration was set at an optimum of 3 h considering the effects of OTPs and carbamates. Because loss to the airspace was expected for the more volatile OTPs (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and parathion), the chemical loss in this bioassay setup was investigated using solid-phase microextraction followed by chemical analysis. The three OTPs were relatively well retained (loss <34%) during 3 h of exposure in the 384-well plate, but higher losses occurred on prolonged exposure, accompanied by slight cross-contamination of adjacent wells. Inhibition of AChE by paraoxon-ethyl was not altered in the presence of up to 68 mgc /L Aldrich humic acid used as surrogate for DOC. Binary mixtures of paraoxon-ethyl and water extracts showed concentration-additive effects. These experiments confirmed that the matrix in water extracts does not disturb the assay, unlike purified enzyme-based AChE assays. The cell-based AChE assay proved to be suitable for testing water samples with effect concentrations causing 50% inhibition of AChE at relative enrichments of 0.5-10 in river water samples, which were distinctly lower than corresponding cytotoxicity, confirming the high sensitivity of the cell-based AChE inhibition assay and its relevance for water quality monitoring. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:3046-3057. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Lee
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Huchthausen
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rita Schlichting
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luise Henneberger
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Dahiya V, Anand BG, Kar K, Pal S. In vitro interaction of organophosphate metabolites with bovine serum albumin: A comparative 1H NMR, fluorescence and molecular docking analysis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 163:39-50. [PMID: 31973869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the exposure of organophosphate pesticides are known to cause severe health consequences, it is important to understand the molecular interaction of these pesticides metabolites with vital biomolecules, especially with the proteins. Here, considering bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein, we have examined its interaction with two selected organophosphate metabolites, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) and paraoxon methyl (PM). TCPy and PM are resultant metabolites of two most widely used organophosphate pesticides chlorpyrifos and parathion respectively. 1H NMR line broadening, selective spin-lattice relaxation rate measurements, saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR of both TCPy and PM were carried out in the presence and absence of BSA. The obtained values of the affinity index (A), binding constants (Ka) and thermodynamic parameters indicated strong organophosphates-BSA interaction. Further, fluorescence quenching data on TCPy-BSA and PM-BSA interactions strongly supported the NMR results, besides providing the stoichiometry of these complexes. Molecular docking analysis unraveled viable, strong hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions in TCPy-BSA and PM-BSA complexes. This study also revealed substantial time-dependent changes in the 1H NMR intensity of PM in the presence of BSA, which suggests faster degradation of PM with increasing protein concentration during protein-metabolite interactions. The hydrolysis is attributed to the esterase-like action of BSA. The result provides key insights into the direct interaction of the organophosphate metabolites with a biologically important carrier protein, serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Dahiya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, 342011, India
| | - Bibin G Anand
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, 342011, India
| | - Karunakar Kar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Samanwita Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, 342011, India.
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Monroy-Noyola A, Sogorb MA, Vilanova E. Albumin, the responsible protein of the Cu2+-dependent hydrolysis of O-hexyl O-2,5-dichlorophenyl phosphoramidate (HDCP) by chicken serum "antagonistic stereoselectivity". Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:523-527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Monroy-Noyola A, Sogorb MA, Díaz-Alejo N, Vilanova E. Copper activation of organophosporus compounds detoxication by chicken serum. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:417-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Belinskaya DA, Shmurak VI, Taborskaya KI, Avdonin PP, Avdonin PV, Goncharov NV. In silico analysis of paraoxon binding by human and bovine serum albumin. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093017030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Serum Albumin Binding and Esterase Activity: Mechanistic Interactions with Organophosphates. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071201. [PMID: 28718803 PMCID: PMC6151986 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The albumin molecule, in contrast to many other plasma proteins, is not covered with a carbohydrate moiety and can bind and transport various molecules of endogenous and exogenous origin. The enzymatic activity of albumin, the existence of which many scientists perceive skeptically, is much less studied. In toxicology, understanding the mechanistic interactions of organophosphates with albumin is a special problem, and its solution could help in the development of new types of antidotes. In the present work, the history of the issue is briefly examined, then our in silico data on the interaction of human serum albumin with soman, as well as comparative in silico data of human and bovine serum albumin activities in relation to paraoxon, are presented. Information is given on the substrate specificity of albumin and we consider the possibility of its affiliation to certain classes in the nomenclature of enzymes.
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Azzolini M, Mattarei A, La Spina M, Marotta E, Zoratti M, Paradisi C, Biasutto L. Synthesis and Evaluation as Prodrugs of Hydrophilic Carbamate Ester Analogues of Resveratrol. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3441-54. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Azzolini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, viale G. Colombo
3, 35131 Padova, Italy
- NÓOS Srl, via Campello sul Clitunno 34, 00181 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina La Spina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, viale G. Colombo
3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ester Marotta
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, viale G. Colombo
3, 35131 Padova, Italy
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Paradisi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, viale G. Colombo
3, 35131 Padova, Italy
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Sogorb MA, Vilanova E. Serum albumins and detoxication of anti-cholinesterase agents. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 187:325-9. [PMID: 20211614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Serum albumin displays an esterase activity that is capable of hydrolysing the anti-cholinesterase compounds carbaryl, paraoxon, chlorpyrifos-oxon, diazoxon and O-hexyl, O-2,5-dichlorphenyl phosphoramidate. The detoxication of all these anti-cholinesterase compounds takes place at significant rates with substrate concentrations in the same order of magnitude as expected during in vivo exposures, even when these substrate concentrations are between 15 and 1300 times lower than the recorded K(m) constants. Our data suggest that the efficacy of this detoxication system is based on the high concentration of albumin in plasma (and in the rest of the body), and not on the catalytic efficacy itself, which is low for albumin. We conclude the need for a structure-activity relationship study into the albumin-associated esterase activities because this protein is universally present in vertebrates and could compensate for reduced levels of other esterases, i.e., lipoprotein paraoxonase, in some species. It is also remarkable that the biotransformation of xenobiotics can be reliably studied in vitro, although conditions as similar as possible to in vivo situations are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sogorb
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain.
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Estevez J, Vilanova E. Model equations for the kinetics of covalent irreversible enzyme inhibition and spontaneous reactivation: Esterases and organophosphorus compounds. Crit Rev Toxicol 2009; 39:427-48. [DOI: 10.1080/10408440802412309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bolt HM, Marchan R, Hengstler JG. Low-dose extrapolation in toxicology: an old controversy revisited. Arch Toxicol 2009; 83:197-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Tarhoni MH, Lister T, Ray DE, Carter WG. Albumin binding as a potential biomarker of exposure to moderately low levels of organophosphorus pesticides. Biomarkers 2008; 13:343-63. [PMID: 18484351 PMCID: PMC3793267 DOI: 10.1080/13547500801973563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated the potential of plasma albumin to provide a sensitive biomarker of exposure to commonly used organophosphorus pesticides in order to complement the widely used measure of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. Rat or human plasma albumin binding by tritiated-diisopropylfluorophosphate (3H-DFP) was quantified by retention of albumin on glass microfibre filters. Preincubation with unlabelled pesticide in vitro or dosing of F344 rats with pesticide in vivo resulted in a reduction in subsequent albumin radiolabelling with 3H-DFP, the decrease in which was used to quantify pesticide binding. At pesticide exposures producing approximately 30% inhibition of AChE, rat plasma albumin binding in vitro by azamethiphos (oxon), chlorfenvinphos (oxon), chlorpyrifos-oxon, diazinon-oxon and malaoxon was reduced from controls by 9±1%, 67±2%, 56±2%, 54±2% and 8±1%, respectively. After 1 h of incubation with 19 µM 3H-DFP alone, the level of binding to rat or human plasma albumins reached 0.011 or 0.039 moles of DFP per mole of albumin, respectively. This level of binding could be further increased by raising the concentration of 3H-DFP, increasing the 3H-DFP incubation time, or by substitution of commercial albumins for native albumin. Pesticide binding to albumin was presumed covalent since it survived 24 h dialysis. After dosing rats with pirimiphos-methyl (dimethoxy) or chlorfenvinphos (oxon) (diethoxy) pesticides, the resultant albumin binding were still significant 7 days after dosing. As in vitro, dosing of rats with malathion did not result in significant albumin binding in vivo. Our results suggest albumin may be a useful additional biomonitor for moderately low-level exposures to several widely used pesticides, and that this binding differs markedly between pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabruka H Tarhoni
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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Sogorb MA, García-Argüelles S, Carrera V, Vilanova E. Serum albumin is as efficient as paraxonase in the detoxication of paraoxon at toxicologically relevant concentrations. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:1524-9. [PMID: 18597495 DOI: 10.1021/tx800075x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin was able to hydrolyze the organophosphorus compounds paraoxon, chlorpyrifos-oxon, and diazoxon at toxicologically relevant concentrations. Human serum displayed two paraoxon hydrolyzing activities: the so-called paraoxonase, which is associated with the lipoprotein fraction and is calcium dependent and EDTA sensitive, and the activity associated with albumin, which is EDTA resistant and sensitive to fatty acids. Human serum albumin hydrolyzed these compounds with the same relative efficacy as lipoproteins (chlorpyrifos-oxon > diazoxon > paraoxon). The capability of detoxication of activity associated with human serum albumin was similar or even higher than paraoxonase associated with lipoproteins in the case of paraoxon at concentrations as low as those noted in an acute in vivo intoxication. However, paraoxonase activity associated with lipoprotein was more effective than paraoxonase activity associated with albumin at toxicologically relevant chlorpyrifos-oxon concentrations. These results explain why mice deficient in paraoxonase associated with lipoprotein are not more sensitive to paraoxon than wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sogorb
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
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Monroy-Noyola A, Sogorb MA, Vilanova E. Stereospecific hydrolysis of a phosphoramidate as a model to understand the role of biotransformation in the neurotoxicity of chiral organophosphorus compounds. Toxicol Lett 2007; 170:157-64. [PMID: 17420104 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent and EDTA-resistant hydrolyses of R and S isomers of O-hexyl O-2,5-dicholorophenyl phosphoramidate (HDCP) were observed in serum and subcellular fractions of liver, kidney and brain from hen, rat and rabbit. In serum, the Ca(2+)-dependent hydrolysis was much higher in rabbit than in other species. Liver showed a higher activity than kidney and brain. The S-HDCP isomer was hydrolysed to a higher extent than the other isomer. The fact that this stereospecificity favours the S-isomer is more clearly observed in rabbit serum, and in rat and rabbit liver particulate fractions. In such tissues and species, the EDTA-resistant hydrolysis was not stereospecific. Soluble fractions of rat brain and of hen liver, kidney and brain, showed a lower total activity but with a higher proportion of EDTA-resistant activity and a higher hydrolysis of the R-HDCP isomer. The Ca(2+)-dependent stereoselective biodegradation of S-HDCP is dominant in the most active tissues in rabbit and rat. It can therefore be concluded that S-HDCP would be biodegraded faster than R-HDCP. Furthermore, R-HDCP is the isomer that will remain at a higher proportion to be available for interaction with the target of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monroy-Noyola
- Laboratorio de Neuroprotección, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca, México
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