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Natural Reno-Protective Agents against Cyclosporine A-Induced Nephrotoxicity: An Overview. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227771. [PMID: 36431872 PMCID: PMC9693876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CA (cyclosporine A) is a powerful immunosuppressing agent that is commonly utilized for treating various autoimmune illnesses and in transplantation surgery. However, its usage has been significantly restricted because of its unwanted effects, including nephrotoxicity. The pathophysiology of CA-induced kidney injury involves inflammation, apoptosis, tubular injury, oxidative stress, and vascular injury. Despite the fact that exact mechanism accountable for CA's effects is inadequately understood, ROS (reactive oxygen species) involvement has been widely proposed. At present, there are no efficient methods or drugs for treating CA-caused kidney damage. It is noteworthy that diverse natural products have been investigated both in vivo and in-vitro for their possible preventive potential in CA-produced nephrotoxicity. Various extracts and natural metabolites have been found to possess a remarkable potential for restoring CA-produced renal damage and oxidative stress alterations via their anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative potentials. The present article reviews the reported studies that assess the protective capacity of natural products, as well as dietary regimens, in relation to CA-induced nephrotoxicity. Thus, the present study presents novel ideas for designing and developing more efficient prophylactic or remedial strategies versus CA passive influences.
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Fang F, Xiao C, Wan C, Li Y, Lu X, Lin Y, Gao J. Two Laminaria japonica polysaccharides with distinct structure characterization affect gut microbiota and metabolites in hyperlipidemic mice differently. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111615. [PMID: 35940764 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study found dietary mannogluconic acid (MA) and fucogalactan sulfate (FS) from Laminaria japonica have distinct structure characterization and potential hypolipidemic effects in vitro. Herein, we compared the benefits of MA and FS on hyperlipidemia. The result showed only FS treatment decreased body weight and serum cholesterol levels. Compared with MA, FS was more effective in mitigating hepatic fat accumulation, promoting GSH-Px activity, reducing the MDA formation, and lowering the level of TNF-α in liver. Gut microbiota and metabolism analysis revealed that FS increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and boosted the level of short chain fatty acids. Particularly, taurine and 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-24-oxo-5-β-cholestanoyl CoA were upregulated by FS, which might attribute to the increased Oscillibacter and thus affect the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and serum TC level. Therefore, FS with more branches and sulfate ester groups could be a good lipid-lowering dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chuqiao Xiao
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521031, China
| | - Chu Wan
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ying Lin
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Wilk A, Szypulska-Koziarska D, Kędzierska-Kapuza K, Kolasa-Wołosiuk A, Misiakiewicz-Has K, Ciechanowski K, Wiszniewska B. Effect of long-term immunosuppressive therapy on native rat liver morphology and hepatocyte- apoptosis. Transpl Immunol 2018; 50:1-7. [PMID: 29777763 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A negative result of therapy based on immunosuppressive drugs is its leading to pathological alterations in the organ, including liver. Use of immunosuppressive medication may also lead to organized and genetically controlled cell death - apoptosis. The aim of this study was to examine histopathological changes in the livers of rats treated with immunosuppressive drugs, and also to determine the effects of different groups of immunosuppressive drugs on apoptosis activity in the hepatocytes of rat livers. The study was conducted on archival material obtained from Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine of the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 2 at the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland. Statistical comparison of the treatment groups showed that all groups with rapamycin (sirolimus)-based regimens: Tacrolimus, Rapamycin, Glucocorticosteroid (TRG); Cyclosporine, Rapamycin, Glucocorticosteroid (CRG); Mycophenolate, Rapamycin, Glucocorticosteroid (MRG) and additionally Cyclosporine, Mycophenolate, Glucocorticosteroid (CMG) exhibited significantly more pronounced apoptosis than the control group, with p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively. Furthermore, in the TRG group, over 90% of apoptotic hepatocytes were seen in the examined classic lobules. Additionally, every liver from treatment group was pathologically altered, including dilated sinusoids, pyknotic nuclei, swollen walls of the vessels. Long-lasting immunosuppressive treatment affects the liver both in terms of histological changes within the structure of the liver and in terms of the percentage of apoptotic hepatocytes. The following study seems to be very innovating due to the duration of the experiment and used drugs-protocols, since they reflect human treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wilk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| | | | - Karolina Kędzierska-Kapuza
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Kazimierz Ciechanowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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de Freitas KM, Almeida JM, Monteiro JC, Diamante MAS, Vale JSFD, Camargo C, Jorge MHA, Dolder H. The effects of cyclosporin A and Heteropterys tomentosa on the rat liver. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2016; 87:369-79. [PMID: 25806989 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520130351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a widely employed immunosuppressive drug that is associated with several side effects, among then hepatotoxicity. Heteropterys tomentosa is a Brazilian plant efficient in reducing damage caused by CsA on the rat testis and prostate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CsA and H. tomentosa (administered isolated or simultaneously) on the liver of Wistar rats. The animals were treated daily with water (control), CsA (15 mg/kg/day), H. tomentosa infusion or CsA+H. tomentosa, for 21 or 56 days. The treatments did not alter liver morphology or cause fibrosis. H. tomentosa administered for 21 days increased the number of hepatocyte nuclei and Kupffer cell volumetric proportion. After 56 days of treatment, H. tomentosa administration did not alter the parameters analyzed. Biochemical plasma dosages and liver stereology showed impairment caused by CsA-treatment after 21 days; these results were not observed after 56 days of treatment. The simultaneous treatment with CsA and H. tomentosa for 21 or 56 days did not alleviate nor accentuate CsA hepatic effects. The present study showed that the 21 days treatment with CsA caused more alteration to the liver than the 56 days treatment; this could be related to hepatic recovery after the long term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine M de Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Jacqueline M Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Juliana C Monteiro
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, ES, Brasil
| | - Maria Aparecida S Diamante
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Jéssica S F do Vale
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Camila Camargo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Heidi Dolder
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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de Jesus Raposo MF, de Morais AMB, de Morais RMSC. Marine polysaccharides from algae with potential biomedical applications. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2967-3028. [PMID: 25988519 PMCID: PMC4446615 DOI: 10.3390/md13052967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a current tendency towards bioactive natural products with applications in various industries, such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetics and food. This has put some emphasis in research on marine organisms, including macroalgae and microalgae, among others. Polysaccharides with marine origin constitute one type of these biochemical compounds that have already proved to have several important properties, such as anticoagulant and/or antithrombotic, immunomodulatory ability, antitumor and cancer preventive, antilipidaemic and hypoglycaemic, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, making them promising bioactive products and biomaterials with a wide range of applications. Their properties are mainly due to their structure and physicochemical characteristics, which depend on the organism they are produced by. In the biomedical field, the polysaccharides from algae can be used in controlled drug delivery, wound management, and regenerative medicine. This review will focus on the biomedical applications of marine polysaccharides from algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filomena de Jesus Raposo
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alcina Maria Bernardo de Morais
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Manuel Santos Costa de Morais
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
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Taboada C, Millan R, Miguez I. Evaluation of marine algae Undaria pinnatifida and Porphyra purpurea as a food supplement: composition, nutritional value and effect of intake on intestinal, hepatic and renal enzyme activities in rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:1863-8. [PMID: 23588591 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a long tradition in Eastern countries of consuming seaweeds, although demand for these organisms has also increased in Western countries. However, knowledge of the effects of consumption of algae is limited. In this study the proximate composition and amino acid profile of Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar (wakame) and Porphyra purpurea (Olivi) De Toni (nori) were determined. The effects of feeding diets containing 100 g kg(-1) of wakami or nori for 4 weeks on food intake, growth, protein efficiency ratio, diet conversion ratio and some organ weights in growing rats were evaluated. The effects on intestinal, hepatic and renal enzyme activities were also studied. RESULTS Both algae are a good source of protein, particularly nori, and contain essential amino acids. There was no effect of alga consumption on trophic balance. Intestinal disaccharidase and hepatic and renal γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities were lower in alga-fed rats than in the control group, while intestinal leucine aminopeptidase activity was higher in rats fed algae. CONCLUSION Both seaweeds are a good source of protein and carbohydrates and contain all essential amino acids. The effects of the two algae on enzyme activities were similar. The inhibition of intestinal disaccharidase activity by seaweed ingestion could be interesting in patients with altered glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Taboada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Liu L, Heinrich M, Myers S, Dworjanyn SA. Towards a better understanding of medicinal uses of the brown seaweed Sargassum in Traditional Chinese Medicine: a phytochemical and pharmacological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:591-619. [PMID: 22683660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE For nearly 2000 years Sargassum spp., a brown seaweed, has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat a variety of diseases including thyroid disease (e.g. goitre). AIMS OF THE REVIEW To assess the scientific evidence for therapeutic claims made for Sargassum spp. in TCM and to identify future research needs. BACKGROUND AND METHODS A systematic search for the use of Sargassum in classical TCM books was conducted and linked to a search for modern phytochemical and pharmacological data on Sargassum spp. retrieved from PubMed, Web of Knowledge, SciFinder Scholar and CNKI (in Chinese). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The therapeutic effects of Sargassum spp. are scientifically plausible and may be explained partially by key in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activities of Sargassum, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Although the mechanism of actions is still not clear, the pharmacological activities could be mainly attributed to the major biologically active metabolites, meroterpenoids, phlorotanins and fucoidans. The contribution of iodine in Sargassum for treating thyroid related diseases seem to have been over estimated. CONCLUSIONS The bioactive compounds in Sargassum spp. appear to play a role as immunomodulators and could be useful in the treatment of thyroid related diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Further research is required to determine both the preventative and therapeutic role of Sargassum spp. in thyroid health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
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Abstract
Seaweeds, being prolific sources of bioactive components have garnered
unprecedented interest in recent times. The complex polysaccharides from the brown,
red and green seaweeds possess broad spectrum therapeutic properties. Especially,
the sulfated polysaccharides, viz. fucans,
carrageenans and ulvans have exhibited strong antioxidant, antitumor,
immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, pulmonary fibrosis
anticoagulant/antithrombotic, lipid lowering, antiviral, antibacterial,
antiprotozoan, hyperplasia prevention, gastrointestinal, regenerative and nano
medicine applications. Considering the immense biomedical prospects of sulfated
polysaccharides, the profound and emerging functional properties published in recent
times will be discussed here with experimental evidences. The limitations of the
seaweed-derived sulfated polysaccharides in healthcare will be summarized.
Strategies to maximize extraction and bioavailability will be pondered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144402 Punjab India
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Jiao G, Yu G, Zhang J, Ewart HS. Chemical structures and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:196-223. [PMID: 21566795 PMCID: PMC3093253 DOI: 10.3390/md9020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides and their lower molecular weight oligosaccharide derivatives from marine macroalgae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. The present paper will review the recent progress in research on the structural chemistry and the bioactivities of these marine algal biomaterials. In particular, it will provide an update on the structural chemistry of the major sulfated polysaccharides synthesized by seaweeds including the galactans (e.g., agarans and carrageenans), ulvans, and fucans. It will then review the recent findings on the anticoagulant/antithrombotic, antiviral, immuno-inflammatory, antilipidemic and antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharides and their potential for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangling Jiao
- National Research Council Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada;
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Junzeng Zhang
- National Research Council Canada, Institute for Nutrisciences and Health, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada;
| | - H. Stephen Ewart
- National Research Council Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada;
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Taboada C, Millán R, Míguez I. Evaluation of the marine alga Ulva rigida as a food supplement: effect of intake on intestinal, hepatic, and renal enzyme activities in rats. J Med Food 2010; 14:161-6. [PMID: 21128822 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of seaweeds as a food is more widespread in Eastern than in Western countries, although demand for these plants has increased in the West because their possible usefulness as dietary supplements. However, very little is known about the effects of regular consumption of algae. The aim of the present study was to determine the composition of Ulva rigida and to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of the diet with 10% alga for 4 weeks on dietary intake, growth, protein efficiency ratio, diet conversion ratio, and some organ weights in growing male rats. We also studied the effect of inclusion of the alga in the diet on intestinal, hepatic, and renal enzymatic activities. U. rigida was found to be a good source of protein and carbohydrates. Food intake was higher in the U. rigida group than in the control group, but ingestion of alga did not have any effect on the other trophic parameters. The intestinal disaccharidase and leucine aminopeptidase activities were lower in rats fed with alga than in control rats, but γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was higher in the kidneys of alga-fed rats than in control rats. U. rigida contains high amounts of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals and low amounts of lipids. Analysis of the amino acid composition revealed good-quality protein. The addition of alga to the diet inhibited disaccharidase activities, which suggested that alga consumption could be useful in some chronic disorders associated with pertubations of glucose homeostasis caused by carbohydrate absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Taboada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Hudes ML, McCann JC, Ames BN. Unusual clustering of coefficients of variation in published articles from a medical biochemistry department in India. FASEB J 2008; 23:689-703. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Hudes
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joyce C. McCann
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bruce N. Ames
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCaliforniaUSA
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Josephine A, Veena CK, Amudha G, Preetha SP, Sundarapandian R, Varalakshmi P. Sulphated polysaccharides: new insight in the prevention of cyclosporine A-induced glomerular injury. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 101:9-15. [PMID: 17577310 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The scope of the current study was to examine the possible effects of sulphated polysaccharides against cyclosporine A-induced glomerular injury. Nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine A continues to be a major problem despite its potent immunosuppressive action. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were categorized into four groups. Two groups (II and IV) were administered cyclosporine A (25 mg/kg body weight, orally) for 21 days, in which Group IV rats were also treated simultaneously with sulphated polysaccharides (5 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously) for the same period. A significant loss in body weight was noted in the cyclosporine A-induced rats. Renal damage was assessed in terms of decreased creatinine clearance and increased activity of lysosomal enzymes. The levels of glycoproteins were found to be decreased in the renal tissue, and a noticeable rise in glycosaminoglycanuria coupled with marked proteinuria was more prominent in the cyclosporine A-induced animals. Furthermore, the extent of kidney damage was assessed by histopathological findings. Toxic manifestations were also confirmed by transmission electron microscopic studies. These morphological abnormalities and other alterations in the renal tissue were significantly offset by sulphated polysaccharides supplementation. These findings underline that restoration of normal cells accredits sulphated polysaccharides, from Sargassum wightii, with nephroprotective role, against cyclosporine A-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Josephine
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
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