Protective effect of vitamin E against carbendazim-induced testicular toxicity–histopathological evidences and reduced residue levels in testis and serum

Impact of Coriandrum sativum seeds extract on albino rats' testicular toxicity caused by carbendazim

Background

A broad spectrum carbamate fungicide called carbendazim (Carb) is used to combat a number of different fungal diseases. One of the extensively utilized medicinal plants in oriental countries is Coriandrum sativum.

Aim

In the current study, the impact of C. sativum seeds extract (CSE) on albino rats' testicular toxicity caused by carbendazim was investigated.

Materials and methods

A total of 50 male albino rats were classified into 5 groups [Gp1, Control Gp; Gp2, Coriandrum Gp (CSE); Gp 3, carbendazim Gp (Carb); Gp 4, Co treated CSE with Carb (CSE + Carb); Gp 5, Post treated Carb with CSE (Carb + CSE)].

Results

Carb induced elevation in serum LH. FSH, testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), testicular nitric oxide (NO) markers and testicular injury and it reduced serum testosterone, testicular glutathione (GSH), testicular catalase and PCNA. Treatments of Carb with CSE (CSE + Carb and/or Carb + CSE) improved these parameters and reduced testicular toxicity with best results for Carb + CSE than CSE + Carb.

Conclusions

The above findings revealed that; Carb induced testicular toxicity and it supported the hypothesis that the antioxidant characteristics of one or more of CSE constituents can reduce the testicular toxicity of Carb.

Carbendazim imprinted electrochemical sensor based on CdMoO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite: Application to fruit juice samples

Carbendazim (CAR) as a fungicide is utilized for fruits and vegetables to provide diseases' control and the degradation of carbendazim having benzimidazole ring is slow. Herein, a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on CdMoO₄/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was prepared for CAR determination in fruit juice samples. Firstly, CdMoO₄/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite with high yield was fabricated via one-pot in-situ hydrothermal approach including environmentally friendly method. Formation of CAR imprinted polymers was performed on CdMoO₄/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in presence of CAR as template and pyrrole (Py) as a monomer by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. Following the morphological, structural, and optical characterization of as-synthesized nanocomposite, the electrochemical techniques were also implemented to evaluate the electrochemical features of fabricated electrodes. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) values were calculated as 0.1 × 10^-10 M, and 2.5 × 10^-12 M, respectively in addition to satisfactory selectivity, stability, reproducibility and reusability. The findings revealed that the proposed CAR imprinted electrochemical sensor can be successfully employed in food safety.

Synthesizing of a nanocomposite based on the formation of silver nanoparticles on fumed silica to develop an electrochemical sensor for carbendazim detection

In this study, a nanocomposite was synthesized via the formation of silver nanoparticles on fumed silica (FS@Ag) to prepare an electrochemical sensor for the determination of carbendazim (CBZ), a common pesticide. The electrochemical sensor was designed by the combination of the carbon paste electrode (CPE) with the FS@Ag nanocomposite. Based on the electrochemical sensor prepared here, a voltammetric method was developed for the determination of CBZ in water and food samples. Characterization of the nanocomposite was conducted by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses. Modified electrodes were also electrochemically characterized via cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses. The FS@Ag showed electrocatalytic activity on the electrochemical oxidation of CBZ via increasing the peak currents tremendously. With the proposed method, a very low limit of detection (9.4 × 10^-10 M) and a wide linear range (5.0 × 10^-8 M - 3.0 × 10^-6 M) were obtained for CBZ. The slope of the calibration line obtained with CPE/15FS@Ag was 194-times higher than that of bare CPE, indicating the high sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor. The performance of the electrochemical sensor has been investigated in real samples such as river water, tomato juice, orange juice, and apple juice samples. The results reveal that the electrochemical sensor prepared here can be used as an alternative to current analytical methods used for the quantification of CBZ.

Forskolin ameliorates mancozeb-induced testicular and epididymal toxicity in Wistar rats by reducing oxidative toxicity and by stimulating steroidogenesis

In the present study, we have tested the beneficial effects of forskolin in protecting the mancozeb-induced reproductive toxicity in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to either mancozeb (500 mg/kg body weight/day) or forskolin (5 mg/kg body weight/day) or both for 65 days and analyzed for spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis and testicular and epididymal oxidative toxicity. A significant decrease in daily sperm production, epididymal sperm count, motile, viable, and hypo-osmotic swelling-tail swelled sperm was observed in mancozeb-treated rats. The activity levels of testicular 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and circulatory testosterone levels were significantly decreased in mancozeb-treated rats. Exposure to mancozeb resulted in a significant decrease in glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity levels with an increase in lipid peroxidation levels in the testes and epididymis. Coadministration of forskolin mitigated the mancozeb-induced oxidative toxicity and suppressed steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis.

Evaluation of ameliorative potential of selenium on carbendazim induced oxidative stress in male goats

In the present investigation, ameliorative effect of selenium on carbendazim induced oral sub chronic toxicity in bucks was assessed by studying various indices of antioxidant defense system. Bucks were randomly divided into four groups of four animals each. Group I served as control, Group II was orally drenched carbendazim at the dose rate of 50mg/kg body weight for 90 consecutive days. Group III was orally administered selenium in the form of sodium selenite at the dose rate of 0.05mg/kg body weight for 90 consecutive days. Group IV was orally administered carbendazim along with selenium at the same dosages as Group II and III. Prolonged administration of carbendazim produced oxidative stress in goat bucks as evidenced by increase in lipid peroxidation and decline in total antioxidant capacity. The increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes was not sufficient to prevent pesticide induced oxidative stress. Selenium supplementation provides some amelioration against this effect. Further study is needed to prove ameliorative potential of this antioxidant against carbendazim induced toxicity in goat bucks.

Kolaviron prevents carbendazim-induced steroidogenic dysfunction and apoptosis in testes of rats

The study evaluated the protective role of kolaviron (an isolated biflavonoid from the seed of Garcinia kola) and vitamin E in carbendazim-induced reproductive dysfunction in male rats. Adult male Wistar rats were orally exposed to carbendazim (200mg/kg) singly or in combination with kolaviron (100 and 200mg/kg). Exposure to carbendazim significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase but markedly increased sialic acid concentration and lipid peroxidation in the testes of rats. Western blot analysis revealed that carbendazim treatment decreased the expression of steroid acute regulatory (StAR) protein and androgen binding protein (ABP) with concomitant decrease in activities of steroidogenic enzymes. Germ cell apoptosis in carbendazim-treated rats was confirmed by TUNEL assay. However, pretreatment with kolaviron and vitamin E restored the testicular antioxidant status and steroidogenesis and decreased apoptotic nuclei to near control level in carbendazim-treated rats. Kolaviron may prove useful in combating carbendazim-induced reproductive toxicity.

Effect of noise stress on male rat fertility, and the protective effect of vitamins C and E on its potential effect

Objective

To evaluate the effect of noise on the fertility of male rats, and to assess the effect of vitamins C and E on its potential effect.

Materials and methods

Forty adult male rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. Group 1 (control) was not exposed to noise. Groups 2–5 were exposed to noise of 90–130 dB and 300–350 Hz from 19.00 to 07.00 h every day for 50 days; group 2 received vitamin C and group 3 received vitamin E. Group 4 received vitamins C and E concomitantly and group 5 received no vitamins. After 50 days, the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and testosterone were measured. Each rat was then left for 1 week with three female rats, for mating. Pregnant females were killed humanely after 19 days of pregnancy and evaluated for the presence and number of viable, dead and absorbed fetuses.

Results

The mean serum FSH level was statistically significantly different between the control and groups 2 (P < 0.05) and 5 (P < 0.001). The mean serum LH level differed significantly between the control and groups 2 (P = 0.05), 3 (P < 0.05) and 5 (P < 0.001). The mean serum testosterone level was significantly different between the control and group 5 (P < 0.001). Serum FSH, LH and testosterone levels in group 5 were significantly different from all the others (P < 0.001). The pregnancy rates in females mated with groups 1 and 5 were statistically different (P < 0.05). Comparing groups 1–4, there was no difference in the occurrence of abnormal pregnancy (P > 0.05), but group 5 values were significantly different from the others (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

These data strongly suggest that noise stress has a significant effect on the fertility of male rats.

Structural and ultrastructural study of the rabbit testes exposed to carbamate insecticide

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of carbamate insecticide - bendiocarb on the testicular structure of adult rabbits. Bendiocarb was perorally administered daily for 10 and 30 days, at a dose 5 mg/kg of body weight. After the histological sampling the tissues were investigated and compared with control. After the bendiocarb administration the absolute and relative testicular weight decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in both time periods. The testicular parenchyma showed structural changes such the sloughing of developing sex cells, occurrence of vacuoles within Sertoli cells and inside various spermatogenic cells. The interstitial Leydig cells were smaller than their control counterpart and possessed shrivelled nuclei and strongly vacuolar dark cytoplasm. The rate of changes was directly proportional on duration of the experiment. The ultrastructural examination proved presence of various cellular defects across the germinal epithelium as well as within the interstitial Leydig cells in both experimental periods. Morphometric analysis manifested decrease in diameters of seminiferous tubules, increase of the diameters of the tubular lumina due to reduction of height of the seminiferous epithelium. Results of this study show distinct negative effects of bendiocarb on structure of rabbit testes.

Effects of subchronic exposure to carbendazim on spermatogenesis and fertility in male rats

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure to carbendazim on spermatogenesis and fertility in male rats. Ninety-eight healthy male rats were divided into four groups: three exposure groups and a control group. Carbendazim was administered orally to male rats at 0, 20, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 80 days prior to mating. Each male was cohabited with an unexposed female for a maximum of 5 days. In 100 and 200 mg/kg groups, the mating index was relatively increased, the fertility index was decreased, and the testis weight, the sperm counts and motility were also decreased. The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) showed a decreasing tendency and there was a statistical difference between the 200 mg/kg group and the control group. There were no obvious effects on the levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T). Histopathological evaluation showed atrophic seminiferous tubules, decreased germ cells, and increased sloughing of germ cells. Flow cytometric analysis of the testicular tissue revealed that carbendazim inhibited meiotic transformation and interfered with the spermatogenic process. These results suggest that carbendazim has adverse effects on spermatogenesis, resulting in reduced fertility in male rats.