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Jeong DS, Lee JY, Han HJ, Ko SM, Lee DH, Lee Y, Son WC. Two-year carcinogenicity study of a novel plasticizer, bis(2-ethylhexyl) cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate (Eco-DEHCH), by oral diet in Han Wistar rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 151:105664. [PMID: 38897446 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Plasticizers are necessary for the usability of various products, including food contact materials. Exposure to plasticizers is most commonly made through the oral route. Several plasticizers have been reported to have adverse effects on humans and the environment. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity of a novel plasticizer called bis(2-ethylhexyl) cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate (Eco-DEHCH), which is an ecofriendly and biologically less harmful replacer. Groups of 50 male and 50 female Han Wistar rats were fed Eco-DEHCH at daily doses of 1,600, 5,000, or 16,000 ppm in their diet for at least 104 weeks. The rats were regularly monitored for mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, food efficiency, and perceivable mass. All animals were subjected to complete necropsy and histopathological examination. The results indicate that the rats well tolerated chronic exposure to Eco-DEHCH at highest daily doses of 16,000 ppm, with was equivalent to 805.1 mg/kg/day in males and 1060.6 mg/kg/day in females and did not show signs of toxicity or carcinogenicity. In conclusion, Eco-DEHCH could be a safe and promising alternative plasticizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Jeong
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Soo Min Ko
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lee
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Yerin Lee
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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Hepatic and renal tissue damage in Balb/c mice exposed to diisodecyl phthalate: The role of oxidative stress pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Wang YC, Chen HS, Long CY, Tsai CF, Hsieh TH, Hsu CY, Tsai EM. Possible mechanism of phthalates-induced tumorigenesis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2012; 28:S22-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Nambiar PR, Turnquist SE, Morton D. Spontaneous tumor incidence in rasH2 mice: review of internal data and published literature. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:614-23. [PMID: 22328410 DOI: 10.1177/0192623311436181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alternate transgenic mouse models are accepted as replacements for the standard carcinogenicity mouse bioassay by regulatory agencies with a companion 2-year rat bioassay. The slower rate of industry acceptance of these shorter transgenic mouse cancer bioassays has been due to lack of historical data and diagnostic criteria, and the use of nonstandardized terminologies in published data. To address these issues, especially that of generating a large historical database, a retrospective analysis of the spontaneous tumor incidences in rasH2 mice from internally sponsored 6-month carcinogenicity studies was compared to the published literature. Incidences of common spontaneous tumors (incidences > 1%) observed in these studies were lung bronchiolo-alveolar adenomas (mean 3.9-9.9%; range 0-18%), lung bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinomas (mean 1.4-2.4%; range 0-5%), splenic hemangiosarcomas (mean 3.0-3.9%; range 0-17%), cutaneous squamous cell papillomas (mean 1.1-1.2%; range 0-4%), Harderian gland adenoma (mean 0.8-1.2%; range 0-4%), and hepatocellular adenomas (mean 1.8%; 0-9% in males only). The remarkable similarity in the tumor incidences in multiple rasH2 studies over a decade and the observed stability of the inserted human gene are important indicators of the minimal drift in this model. Overall, the historical control data for spontaneous neoplasms should assist in the interpretation of future rasH2 mouse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant R Nambiar
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
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