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Acevedo LM, Vidal Á, Aguilera-Tejero E, Rivero JLL. Muscle plasticity is influenced by renal function and caloric intake through the FGF23-vitamin D axis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C14-C28. [PMID: 36409180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00306.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the main metabolic engine in the body of vertebrates, is endowed with great plasticity. The association between skeletal muscle plasticity and two highly prevalent health problems: renal dysfunction and obesity, which share etiologic links as well as many comorbidities, is a subject of great relevance. It is important to know how these alterations impact on the structure and function of skeletal muscle because the changes in muscle phenotype have a major influence on the quality of life of the patients. This literature review aims to discuss the influence of a nontraditional axis involving kidney, bone, and muscle on skeletal muscle plasticity. In this axis, the kidneys play a role as the main site for vitamin D activation. Renal disease leads to a direct decrease in 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D, secondary to reduction in renal functional mass, and has an indirect effect, through phosphate retention, that contributes to stimulate fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) secretion by bone cells. FGF23 downregulates the renal synthesis of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D and upregulates its metabolism. Skeletal production of FGF23 is also regulated by caloric intake: it is increased in obesity and decreased by caloric restriction, and these changes impact on 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D concentrations, which are decreased in obesity and increased after caloric restriction. Thus, both phosphate retention, that develops secondary to renal failure, and caloric intake influence 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D that in turn plays a key role in muscle anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Acevedo
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, University of Cordoba, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Ángela Vidal
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Escolástico Aguilera-Tejero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - José-Luis L Rivero
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, University of Cordoba, Spain
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Li WY, Jin H, Zou Y, Huang H, Wei Z, Kang J, Xue Y, Wang W. The Different Effect of Tongue Motor Task Training (TTT) and Strength Training (ST) on the Modulation of Genioglossus Corticomotor Excitability and upper airway stability in Rats. Sleep 2022; 45:6648555. [PMID: 35867628 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES the mechanical efficiency of upper airway (UA) muscles are pivotal in maintaining UA stability. We aimed to investigate if different tongue training approaches could differently induce signs of neuroplastic in the corticomotor pathways and upper airway stability changes. METHODS 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were trained daily for eight weeks to lick an isotonic force-sensing disc at targeting forces using 30-50% of maximal achieved lick force (MALF) for tongue task training (TTT) or targeting force set above 50%, 60% and 70% of MALF progressively for tongue strength training (TST). Corticomotor excitability was dynamically assessed by GG response to transcortical magnetic stimulation (TMS) at different sessions. GG EMG activity, GG ultrastructure and myosin heavy chain (MHC), UA dynamics were assessed after eight weeks. RESULTS After 4 weeks, GG TMS latencies decreased in both tongue training groups when compared with the control group (p<0.05) and this excitability was more stable in TTT group. After 8 weeks, both GG TMS response and EMG activity revealed increased excitability in TTT and TST groups. The apoptotic pathological morphology changes of GG ultrastructure were observed in TST group, but not TTT. Percentage of GG MHC type I fibers in TST group was higher than the control and TTT groups (p<0.05). The UA Pcrit decreased significantly in TTT group (p<0.05) and tend to decrease in TST group (p=0.09). CONCLUSION TTT could improve the UA stability and induce the neuroplastic changes more efficiently without training-induced muscle injury, while TST revealed a fatigue-resistance change in GG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yang Li
- Respiratory and critical care department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyu Jin
- Respiratory and critical care department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Respiratory and critical care department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Respiratory and critical care department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhijing Wei
- Respiratory and critical care department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Respiratory and critical care department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Neurobiology department, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Respiratory and critical care department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zeng F, Zhao H, Liao J. Androgen interacts with exercise through the mTOR pathway to induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Biol Sport 2017; 34:313-321. [PMID: 29472733 PMCID: PMC5819476 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2017.69818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of exogenous androgen and resistance exercise on skeletal muscle hypertrophy and the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling during the process. A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham operation and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) implantation groups with subgroups subjected to sedentary conditions or resistance exercise (SHAM+SED, SHAM+EX, DHT+SED, and DHT+EX). The experimental procedure lasted for 10 days. The mRNA expression of androgen receptor (AR) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC), as well as the phosphorylation statuses of AR, mTOR, p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) were determined in the white gastrocnemius muscle. The cross sectional area and wet mass of the muscle were also measured. The cross sectional area and MHC expression were significantly higher in SHAM+EX, DHT+SED, and DHT+EX than in SHAM+SED. There was no significant difference among groups in muscle mass. The mRNA expression of AR and IGF-I and the phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K, and 4EBP1 were significantly increased in DHT+SED and SHAM+EX and were significantly enhanced in DHT+EX compared with either DHT or exercise alone. These data show that DHT causes hypertrophy in skeletal muscle and that exercise has a synergistic effect on DHT-induced hypertrophy. Exercise enhances androgen-induced rapid anabolic action, which involves activation of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Zeng
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jingwen Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Acevedo LM, Raya AI, Ríos R, Aguilera-Tejero E, Rivero JLL. Obesity-induced discrepancy between contractile and metabolic phenotypes in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles of female obese Zucker rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:249-259. [PMID: 28522764 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00282.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A clear picture of skeletal muscle adaptations to obesity and related comorbidities remains elusive. This study describes fiber-type characteristics (size, proportions, and oxidative enzyme activity) in two typical hindlimb muscles with opposite structure and function in an animal model of genetic obesity. Lesser fiber diameter, fiber-type composition, and histochemical succinic dehydrogenase activity (an oxidative marker) of muscle fiber types were assessed in slow (soleus)- and fast (tibialis cranialis)-twitch muscles of obese Zucker rats and compared with age (16 wk)- and sex (females)-matched lean Zucker rats (n = 16/group). Muscle mass and lesser fiber diameter were lower in both muscle types of obese compared with lean animals even though body weights were increased in the obese cohort. A faster fiber-type phenotype also occurred in slow- and fast-twitch muscles of obese rats compared with lean rats. These adaptations were accompanied by a significant increment in histochemical succinic dehydrogenase activity of slow-twitch fibers in the soleus muscle and fast-twitch fiber types in the tibialis cranialis muscle. Obesity significantly increased plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines but did not significantly affect protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors PPARγ or PGC1α in either muscle. These data demonstrate that, in female Zucker rats, obesity induces a reduction of muscle mass in which skeletal muscles show a diminished fiber size and a faster and more oxidative phenotype. It was noteworthy that this discrepancy in muscle's contractile and metabolic features was of comparable nature and extent in muscles with different fiber-type composition and antagonist functions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates a discrepancy between morphological (reduced muscle mass), contractile (shift toward a faster phenotype), and metabolic (increased mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activity) characteristics in skeletal muscles of female Zucker fatty rats. It is noteworthy that this inconsistency was comparable (in nature and extent) in muscles with different structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Muscular, Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Ana I Raya
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; and
| | - Rafael Ríos
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; and
| | - Escolástico Aguilera-Tejero
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; and
| | - José-Luis L Rivero
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Muscular, Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain;
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Acevedo LM, Peralta-Ramírez A, López I, Chamizo VE, Pineda C, Rodríguez-Ortiz ME, Rodríguez M, Aguilera-Tejero E, Rivero JLL. Slow- and fast-twitch hindlimb skeletal muscle phenotypes 12 wk after ⅚ nephrectomy in Wistar rats of both sexes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F638-47. [PMID: 26246512 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00195.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes fiber-type adaptations in hindlimb muscles, the interaction of sex, and the role of hypoxia on this response in 12-wk ⅚ nephrectomized rats (Nx). Contractile, metabolic, and morphological features of muscle fiber types were assessed in the slow-twitch soleus and the fast-twitch tibialis cranialis muscles of Nx rats, and compared with sham-operated controls. Rats of both sexes were considered in both groups. A slow-to-fast fiber-type transformation occurred in the tibialis cranialis of Nx rats, particularly in males. This adaptation was accomplished by impaired oxidative capacity and capillarity, increased glycolytic capacity, and no changes in size and nuclear density of muscle fiber types. An oxidative-to-glycolytic metabolic transformation was also found in the soleus muscle of Nx rats. However, a modest fast-to-slow fiber-type transformation, fiber hypertrophy, and nuclear proliferation were observed in soleus muscle fibers of male, but not of female, Nx rats. Serum testosterone levels decreased by 50% in male but not in female Nx rats. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α protein level decreased by 42% in the tibialis cranialis muscle of male Nx rats. These data demonstrate that 12 wk of Nx induces a muscle-specific adaptive response in which myofibers do not change (or enlarge minimally) in size and nuclear density, but acquire markedly different contractile and metabolic characteristics, which are accompanied by capillary rarefaction. Muscle function and sex play relevant roles in these adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Acevedo
- Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Alan Peralta-Ramírez
- Departament of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Spain; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua; and
| | - Ignacio López
- Departament of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Verónica E Chamizo
- Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Pineda
- Departament of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Mariano Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación y Servicio de Nefrología (Red in Ren), Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - José-Luis L Rivero
- Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain;
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Frese S, Ruebner M, Suhr F, Konou TM, Tappe KA, Toigo M, Jung HH, Henke C, Steigleder R, Strissel PL, Huebner H, Beckmann MW, van der Keylen P, Schoser B, Schiffer T, Frese L, Bloch W, Strick R. Long-Term Endurance Exercise in Humans Stimulates Cell Fusion of Myoblasts along with Fusogenic Endogenous Retroviral Genes In Vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132099. [PMID: 26154387 PMCID: PMC4495930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myogenesis is defined as growth, differentiation and repair of muscles where cell fusion of myoblasts to multinucleated myofibers is one major characteristic. Other cell fusion events in humans are found with bone resorbing osteoclasts and placental syncytiotrophoblasts. No unifying gene regulation for natural cell fusions has been found. We analyzed skeletal muscle biopsies of competitive cyclists for muscle-specific attributes and expression of human endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope genes due to their involvement in cell fusion of osteoclasts and syncytiotrophoblasts. Comparing muscle biopsies from post- with the pre-competitive seasons a significant 2.25-fold increase of myonuclei/mm fiber, a 2.38-fold decrease of fiber area/nucleus and a 3.1-fold decrease of satellite cells (SCs) occurred. We propose that during the pre-competitive season SC proliferation occurred following with increased cell fusion during the competitive season. Expression of twenty-two envelope genes of muscle biopsies demonstrated a significant increase of putative muscle-cell fusogenic genes Syncytin-1 and Syncytin-3, but also for the non-fusogenic erv3. Immunohistochemistry analyses showed that Syncytin-1 mainly localized to the sarcolemma of myofibers positive for myosin heavy-chain isotypes. Cellular receptors SLC1A4 and SLC1A5 of Syncytin-1 showed significant decrease of expression in post-competitive muscles compared with the pre-competitive season, but only SLC1A4 protein expression localized throughout the myofiber. Erv3 protein was strongly expressed throughout the myofiber, whereas envK1-7 localized to SC nuclei and myonuclei. Syncytin-1 transcription factors, PPARγ and RXRα, showed no protein expression in the myofiber, whereas the pCREB-Ser133 activator of Syncytin-1 was enriched to SC nuclei and myonuclei. Syncytin-1, Syncytin-3, SLC1A4 and PAX7 gene regulations along with MyoD1 and myogenin were verified during proliferating or actively-fusing human primary myoblast cell cultures, resembling muscle biopsies of cyclists. Myoblast treatment with anti-Synycytin-1 abrogated cell fusion in vitro. Our findings support functional roles for ERV envelope proteins, especially Syncytin-1, contributing to cell fusion of myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Frese
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf, Cologne, Germany
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neurology, Frauenklinikstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Exercise Physiology, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University-Clinic Erlangen, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Suhr
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thierry M. Konou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kim A. Tappe
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marco Toigo
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Exercise Physiology, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Forchstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans H. Jung
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neurology, Frauenklinikstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Henke
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University-Clinic Erlangen, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruth Steigleder
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University-Clinic Erlangen, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pamela L. Strissel
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University-Clinic Erlangen, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanna Huebner
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University-Clinic Erlangen, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University-Clinic Erlangen, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Piet van der Keylen
- Institute of Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstrasse, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Department of Neurology, Friedrich Baur Institute, Ziemssenstrasse, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schiffer
- German Sport University Cologne, Outpatient Clinic for Sports Traumatology and Public Health Consultation, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Frese
- University Hospital and University Zurich, Division of Surgical Research, Raemistrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf, Cologne, Germany
- The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reiner Strick
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University-Clinic Erlangen, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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