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Effects of Polyethylene Microplastics and Phenanthrene on Soil Properties, Enzyme Activities and Bacterial Communities. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution has received increasing concern due to their ubiquitous distribution and potential risks in soils. However, nothing is known about the influences of PAHs-MPs combined pollution on soil ecosystems. To address the knowledge gap, a 1-year soil microcosm experiment was conducted to systematically investigate the single and combined effect of polyethylene (PE) /phenanthrene (PHE) on soil chemical properties, enzymatic activities and bacterial communities (i.e., diversity, composition and function). Results showed that PE and PHE-PE significantly decreased soil pH. The available phosphorus (AP) and neutral phosphatase activity were not considerably changed by PHE, PE and PHE-PE. Significant enhancement of dehydrogenase activity in a PHE-PE amended system might be due to the degradation of PHE by indigenous bacteria (i.e., Sphingomonas, Sphingobium), and PE could enhance this stimulative effect. PHE and PHE-PE led to a slight increase in soil organic matter (SOM) and fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDAse) activity but a decrease in available nitrogen (AN) and urease activity. PE significantly enhanced the functions of nitrogen cycle and metabolism, reducing SOM/AN contents but increasing urease/FDAse activities. There were insignificant impacts on overall community diversity and composition in treated samples, although some bacterial genera were significantly stimulated or attenuated with treatments. In conclusion, the addition of PHE and PE influenced the soil chemical properties, enzymatic activities and bacterial community diversity/composition to some extent. The significantly positive effect of PE on the nitrogen cycle and on metabolic function might lead to the conspicuous alterations in SOM/AN contents and urease/FDAse activities. This study may provide new basic information for understanding the ecological risk of PAHs-MPs combined pollution in soils.
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A microbial solution to oil sand pollution: Understanding the microbiomes, metabolic pathways and mechanisms involved in naphthenic acid (NA) biodegradation. ADV ECOL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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McKew BA, Johnson R, Clothier L, Skeels K, Ross MS, Metodiev M, Frenzel M, Gieg LM, Martin JW, Hough MA, Whitby C. Differential protein expression during growth on model and commercial mixtures of naphthenic acids in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1196. [PMID: 34459546 PMCID: PMC8289671 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Naphthenic acids (NAs) are carboxylic acids with the formula (Cn H2n+Z O2 ) and are among the most toxic, persistent constituents of oil sands process-affected waters (OSPW), produced during oil sands extraction. Currently, the proteins and mechanisms involved in NA biodegradation are unknown. Using LC-MS/MS shotgun proteomics, we identified proteins overexpressed during the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 on a model NA (4'-n-butylphenyl)-4-butanoic acid (n-BPBA) and commercial NA mixture (Acros). By day 11, >95% of n-BPBA was degraded. With Acros, a 17% reduction in intensity occurred with 10-18 carbon compounds of the Z family -2 to -14 (major NA species in this mixture). A total of 554 proteins (n-BPBA) and 631 proteins (Acros) were overexpressed during growth on NAs, including several transporters (e.g., ABC transporters), suggesting a cellular protective response from NA toxicity. Several proteins associated with fatty acid, lipid, and amino acid metabolism were also overexpressed, including acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and acyl-CoA thioesterase II, which catalyze part of the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. Indeed, multiple enzymes involved in the fatty acid oxidation pathway were upregulated. Given the presumed structural similarity between alkyl-carboxylic acid side chains and fatty acids, we postulate that P. fluorescens Pf-5 was using existing fatty acid catabolic pathways (among others) during NA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyd A. McKew
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | | | - Lindsay Clothier
- Canada's Oil Sands Innovation AllianceCalgaryABCanada
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Karl Skeels
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | - Matthew S. Ross
- Department of Physical SciencesMacEwan UniversityEdmontonABCanada
| | | | | | - Lisa M. Gieg
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
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Goedtke L, John A, Lampen A, Seidel A, Braeuning A, Hessel-Pras S. Mixture effects of food-relevant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the activation of nuclear receptors and gene expression, benzo[a]pyrene metabolite profile and DNA damage in HepaRG cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 147:111884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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5
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Jee SC, Kim M, Kim KS, Kim HS, Sung JS. Protective Effects of Myricetin on Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine and BPDE-DNA Adduct. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050446. [PMID: 32455619 PMCID: PMC7278665 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a group 1 carcinogen, induces mutagenic DNA adducts. Myricetin is present in many natural foods with diverse biological activities, such as anti-oxidative and anti-cancer activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of myricetin against B[a]P-induced toxicity. Treatment of B[a]P induced cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells, whereas co-treatment of myricetin with B[a]P reduced the formation of the B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adduct, which recovered cell viability. Furthermore, we found a protective effect of myricetin against B[a]P-induced genotoxicity in rats, via myricetin-induced inhibition of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and BPDE-DNA adduct formation in the liver, kidney, colon, and stomach tissue. This inhibition was more prominent in the liver than in other tissues. Correspondingly, myricetin regulated the phase I and II enzymes that inhibit B[a]P metabolism and B[a]P metabolites conjugated with DNA by reducing and inducing CYP1A1 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression, respectively. Taken together, this showed that myricetin attenuated B[a]P-induced genotoxicity via regulation of phase I and II enzymes. Our results suggest that myricetin is anti-genotoxic, and prevents oxidative DNA damage and BPDE-DNA adduct formation via regulation of phase I and II enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Cheol Jee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea; (S.-C.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea; (S.-C.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Kyeong Seok Kim
- Department of Division of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University-Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea; (K.S.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Division of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University-Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea; (K.S.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea; (S.-C.J.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5132; Fax: +82-31-961-5108
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6
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Jee SC, Kim M, Sung JS. Modulatory Effects of Silymarin on Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072369. [PMID: 32235460 PMCID: PMC7177818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is a group 1 carcinogen that introduces mutagenic DNA adducts into the genome. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of silymarin in the reduction of DNA adduct formation by B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), induced by B[a]P. B[a]P exhibited toxicity in HepG2 cells, whereas co-treatment of the cells with B[a]P and silymarin reduced the formation of BPDE-DNA adducts, thereby increasing cell viability. Determination of the level of major B[a]P metabolites in the treated cells showed that BPDE levels were reduced by silymarin. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) were found to be involved in the activation of detoxifying genes against B[a]P-mediated toxicity. Silymarin did not increase the expression of these major transcription factors, but greatly facilitated their nuclear translocation. In this manner, treatment of HepG2 cells with silymarin modulated detoxification enzymes through NRF2 and PXR to eliminate B[a]P metabolites. Knockdown of Nrf2 abolished the preventive effect of silymarin on BPDE-DNA adduct formation, indicating that activation of the Nrf2 pathway plays a key role in preventing B[a]P-induced genotoxicity. Our results suggest that silymarin has anti-genotoxic effects, as it prevents BPDE-DNA adduct formation by modulating the Nrf2 and PXR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5132; Fax: +82-31-961-5108
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7
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Ajayi BO, Adedara IA, Farombi EO. 6-Gingerol abates benzo[a]pyrene-induced colonic injury via suppression of oxido-inflammatory stress responses in BALB/c mice. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:1-7. [PMID: 31004597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), the most toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and a procarcinogen, is a global health concern which necessitates preventive measures. [6]-Gingerol (6-G), the most pharmacologically active constituent of ginger has been reported to promote gut health in various experimental settings. This study investigated the role of 6-G in BaP-induced colonic oxidative and inflammatory stress responses in mice. Experimental mice were randomly assigned into five groups of eight mice each and were orally gavage with BaP (125 mg/kg) singly or in combination with 6-G at 50 and 100 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. Following sacrifice, the colonic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), myeloperoxidase (MPO) as well as levels of glutathione (GSH), nitrites and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were assessed spectrophotometrically. Moreover, colonic concentration of epoxide hydrolase (EPXH), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were assessed using ELISA. Administration of 6-G augmented BaP detoxification and colonic antioxidant status by increasing the EPXH, GST, SOD and CAT activities, GSH level with concomitant decrease in MDA level when compared with BaP alone group. In addition, 6-G suppressed BaP-induced colonic inflammation by decreasing MPO activity as well as nitrites, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and iNOS levels when compared with BaP alone group. In conclusion, 6-G protected against a decrease in colonic epoxide detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant defense mechanisms caused by BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babajide O Ajayi
- Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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8
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Alharbi HA, Alcorn J, Al-Mousa A, Giesy JP, Wiseman SB. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of chlorpyrifos is altered in embryos of Japanese medaka exposed to oil sands process-affected water: evidence for inhibition of P-glycoprotein. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:591-601. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Alcorn
- Toxicology Centre; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Ahmed Al-Mousa
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - John P. Giesy
- Toxicology Centre; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
- Zoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; People's Republic of China
| | - Steve B. Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
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Alharbi HA, Morandi G, Giesy JP, Wiseman SB. Effect of oil sands process-affected water on toxicity of retene to early life-stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 176:1-9. [PMID: 27104238 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) to aquatic organisms has been studied, but effects of co-exposure to OSPW and polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are an important class of chemicals in tailings ponds used to store OSPW, has not been investigated. The goal of the current study was to determine if organic compounds extracted from the aqueous phase of relatively fresh OSPW from Base-Mine Lake (BML-OSPW) or aged OSPW from Pond 9 experimental reclamation pond (P9-OSPW) modulated toxic potency of the model alkyl-PAH, retene, to early life-stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Embryos were exposed to retene by use of a partition controlled delivery (PCD) system made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) until day of hatch. Incidences of pericardial edema and expression of CYP1A were not significantly greater in larvae exposed only to dissolved organic compounds from either OSPW but were significantly greater in larvae exposed only to retene. Expression of CYP1A and incidences of pericardial edema were significantly greater in larvae co-exposed to retene and 5×equivalent of dissolved organic compounds from BML-OSPW compared to retene alone. However, there was no effect of co-exposure to retene and either a 1×equivalent of dissolved organic compounds from BML-OSPW or 5×equivalent of dissolved organic compounds from P9-OSPW. While there was evidence that exposure to 5×equivalent of dissolved organic compounds from BML-OSPW caused oxidative stress, there was no evidence of this effect in larvae exposed only to retene or co-exposed to retene and a 5×equivalent of dissolved organic compounds from BML-OSPW. These results suggest that oxidative stress is not a mechanism of pericardial edema in early-life stages of Japanese medaka. Relatively fresh OSPW from Base Mine Lake might influence toxicity of alkylated-PAHs to early life stages of fishes but this effect would not be expected to occur at current concentrations of OSPW and is attenuated by aging of OSPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hattan A Alharbi
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Garrett Morandi
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Zoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Steve B Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,.
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10
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Alharbi HA, Saunders DMV, Al-Mousa A, Alcorn J, Pereira AS, Martin JW, Giesy JP, Wiseman SB. Inhibition of ABC transport proteins by oil sands process affected water. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:81-88. [PMID: 26650706 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporter proteins is important for detoxification of xenobiotics. For example, ABC transporters from the multidrug-resistance protein (MRP) subfamily are important for excretion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their metabolites. Effects of chemicals in the water soluble organic fraction of relatively fresh oil sands process affected water (OSPW) from Base Mine Lake (BML-OSPW) and aged OSPW from Pond 9 (P9-OSPW) on the activity of MRP transporters were investigated in vivo by use of Japanese medaka at the fry stage of development. Activities of MRPs were monitored by use of the lipophilic dye calcein, which is transported from cells by ABC proteins, including MRPs. To begin to identify chemicals that might inhibit activity of MRPs, BML-OSPW and P9-OSPW were fractionated into acidic, basic, and neutral fractions by use of mixed-mode sorbents. Chemical compositions of fractions were determined by use of ultrahigh resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry in ESI(+) and ESI(-) mode. Greater amounts of calcein were retained in fry exposed to BML-OSPW at concentration equivalents greater than 1× (i.e., full strength). The neutral and basic fractions of BML-OSPW, but not the acidic fraction, caused greater retention of calcein. Exposure to P9-OSPW did not affect the amount of calcein in fry. Neutral and basic fractions of BML-OSPW contained relatively greater amounts of several oxygen-, sulfur, and nitrogen-containing chemical species that might inhibit MRPs, such as O(+), SO(+), and NO(+) chemical species, although secondary fractionation will be required to conclusively identify the most potent inhibitors. Naphthenic acids (O2(-)), which were dominant in the acidic fraction, did not appear to be the cause of the inhibition. This is the first study to demonstrate that chemicals in the water soluble organic fraction of OSPW inhibit activity of this important class of proteins. However, aging of OSPW attenuates this effect and inhibition of the activity of MRPs by OSPW from Base Mine Lake does not occur at environmentally relevantconcentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hattan A Alharbi
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Ahmed Al-Mousa
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jane Alcorn
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Alberto S Pereira
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Zoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Steve B Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Le Vee M, Jouan E, Stieger B, Lecureur V, Fardel O. Regulation of human hepatic drug transporter activity and expression by diesel exhaust particle extract. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121232. [PMID: 25803276 PMCID: PMC4372591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are common environmental air pollutants primarily affecting the lung. DEPs or chemicals adsorbed on DEPs also exert extra-pulmonary effects, including alteration of hepatic drug detoxifying enzyme expression. The present study was designed to determine whether organic DEP extract (DEPe) may target hepatic drug transporters that contribute in a major way to drug detoxification. Using primary human hepatocytes and transporter-overexpressing cells, DEPe was first shown to strongly inhibit activities of the sinusoidal solute carrier (SLC) uptake transporters organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1B1, 1B3 and 2B1 and of the canalicular ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux pump multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, with IC50 values ranging from approximately 1 to 20 μg/mL and relevant to environmental exposure situations. By contrast, 25 μg/mL DEPe failed to alter activities of the SLC transporter organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and of the ABC efflux pumps P-glycoprotein and bile salt export pump (BSEP), whereas it only moderately inhibited those of sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide and of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Treatment by 25 μg/mL DEPe was next demonstrated to induce expression of BCRP at both mRNA and protein level in cultured human hepatic cells, whereas it concomitantly repressed mRNA expression of various transporters, including OATP1B3, OATP2B1, OCT1 and BSEP. Such changes in transporter expression were found to be highly correlated to those caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a reference activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. This suggests that DEPe, which is enriched in known ligands of AhR like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alters drug transporter expression via activation of the AhR cascade. Taken together, these data established human hepatic transporters as targets of organic chemicals containing in DEPs, which may contribute to their systemic effects through impairing hepatic transport of endogenous compound or drug substrates of these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Le Vee
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Jouan
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Lecureur
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
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12
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Ghallab A, Bolt HM. In vitro systems: current limitations and future perspectives. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:2085-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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The role of the efflux carriers Abcg2 and Abcc2 for the hepatobiliary elimination of benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 224:36-41. [PMID: 25451572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporters Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (Abcg2) and Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 2 (Abcc2) play an important role for the hepatobiliary elimination of drugs and toxins as well as their metabolites. Previous in vitro transport studies showed that both transporters are involved in the active efflux of phase II metabolites of carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene (BP), however the role of these carriers in hepatobiliary elimination in vivo is still unknown. In the present study, Abcg2(-/-) and Abcc2(-/-) knockout mice were used to elucidate the role of Abcg2 and Abcc2 for the hepatobiliary excretion of BP and its metabolites. After intravenous application of [(3)H]BP the hepatobiliary excretion was significantly reduced in these mice: whereas wild type mice excreted on average 25.4% of the applied dose into the bile over 90min, Abcg2(-/-) knockout mice only excreted 10.7% and Abcc2(-/-) knockout mice 8.6%. As a consequence, [(3)H]BP concentrations were in general higher in the plasma and in most of the organs of the Abcg2 and Abcc2 knockout mice. Both transporters may have a protective function for BP-induced carcinogenesis in humans, due to its crucial importance for the hepatobiliary elimination of BP via bile. Subjects with reduced ABCG2 or ABCC2 expression might have higher oral bioavailability for BP due to a reduced excretion and so might be more susceptible to BP-induced carcinogenesis.
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Gundert-Remy U, Bernauer U, Blömeke B, Döring B, Fabian E, Goebel C, Hessel S, Jäckh C, Lampen A, Oesch F, Petzinger E, Völkel W, Roos PH. Extrahepatic metabolism at the body's internal–external interfaces. Drug Metab Rev 2014; 46:291-324. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.900565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hessel S, Gottschalk C, Schumann D, These A, Preiss-Weigert A, Lampen A. Structure-activity relationship in the passage of different pyrrolizidine alkaloids through the gastrointestinal barrier: ABCB1 excretes heliotrine and echimidine. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:995-1004. [PMID: 24375927 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE 1,2-Unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are found in plants such as Asteraceae and Boraginaceae families. Acute PA poisoning via contaminated food or feed causes severe damage to liver depending on species-specific oral bioavailability. For assessing PA bioavailability, their passage across the intestinal barrier was investigated using Caco-2 cells. METHODS Differentiated Caco-2 cells were exposed in transport chambers to the PA heliotrine (Hn), echimidine (Em), senecionine (Sc), and senkirkine (Sk). Cell supernatants were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS PA pass Caco-2 monolayer from the apical into basolateral compartment depending on their chemical structure. Compared to the cyclic diesters Sc and Sk with a passage rate of 47% ± 4 and 40% ± 3, respectively, the transferred amount of the monoester Hn (32% ± 3) and open-chained diester Em (13% ± 2) was substantially lower. This suggested an active transport of Hn and Em. Using Madin-Darby canine kidney II/P-glycoprotein (ABCB1)-overexpressing cells, the active excretion of Hn and Em by ABCB1 from the gastrointestinal epithelium into the gut lumen was shown. CONCLUSION PA cross the intestinal barrier structure-dependently. The passage of the noncyclic PA Hn and Em is reduced by an ABCB1-driven efflux into the gastrointestinal lumen resulting in a decreased oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hessel
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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Hessel S, Lampen A, Seidel A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food – Efflux of the conjugated biomarker 1-hydroxypyrene is mediated by Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2) in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:797-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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