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Savall M, Senni N, Lagoutte I, Sohier P, Dentin R, Romagnolo B, Perret C, Bossard P. Cooperation Between the NRF2 Pathway and Oncogenic β-catenin During HCC Tumorigenesis. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1490-1506. [PMID: 34510835 PMCID: PMC8435276 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CTNNB1 (catenin beta 1)-mutated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) account for a large proportion of human HCCs. They display high levels of respiratory chain activity. As metabolism and redox balance are closely linked, tumor cells must maintain their redox status during these metabolic alterations. We investigated the redox balance of these HCCs and the feasibility of targeting this balance as an avenue for targeted therapy. We assessed the expression of the nuclear erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) detoxification pathway in an annotated human HCC data set and reported an enrichment of the NRF2 program in human HCCs with CTNNB1 mutations, largely independent of NFE2L2 (nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2) or KEAP1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) mutations. We then used mice with hepatocyte-specific oncogenic β-catenin activation to evaluate the redox status associated with β-catenin activation in preneoplastic livers and tumors. We challenged them with various oxidative stressors and observed that the β-catenin pathway activation increased transcription of Nfe2l2, which protects β-catenin-activated hepatocytes from oxidative damage and supports tumor development. Moreover, outside of its effects on reactive oxygen species scavenging, we found out that Nrf2 itself contributes to the metabolic activity of β-catenin-activated cells. We then challenged β-catenin activated tumors pharmacologically to create a redox imbalance and found that pharmacological inactivation of Nrf2 was sufficient to considerably decrease the progression of β-catenin-dependent HCC development. Conclusion: These results demonstrate cooperation between oncogenic β-catenin signaling and the NRF2 pathway in CTNNB1-mediated HCC tumorigenesis, and we provide evidence for the relevance of redox balance targeting as a therapeutic strategy in CTNNB1-mutated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Senni
- Université de ParisInstitut CochinINSERMCNRSParisFrance
| | | | - Pierre Sohier
- Department of PathologyHôpital CochinAP-HPCentre-Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Renaud Dentin
- Université de ParisInstitut CochinINSERMCNRSParisFrance
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Regulation of expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes by oncogenic signaling pathways in liver tumors: a review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:113-122. [PMID: 31993310 PMCID: PMC6976994 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding key players in oncogenic signaling pathways trigger specific downstream gene expression profiles in the respective tumor cell populations. While regulation of genes related to cell growth, survival, and death has been extensively studied, much less is known on the regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) by oncogenic signaling. Here, a comprehensive review of the available literature is presented summarizing the impact of the most relevant genetic alterations in human and rodent liver tumors on the expression of DMEs with a focus on phases I and II of xenobiotic metabolism. Comparably few data are available with respect to DME regulation by p53-dependent signaling, telomerase expression or altered chromatin remodeling. By contrast, DME regulation by constitutive activation of oncogenic signaling via the RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade or via the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway has been analyzed in greater depth, demonstrating mostly positive-regulatory effects of WNT/β-catenin signaling and negative-regulatory effects of MAPK signaling. Mechanistic studies have revealed molecular interactions between oncogenic signaling and nuclear xeno-sensing receptors which underlie the observed alterations in DME expression in liver tumors. Observations of altered DME expression and inducibility in liver tumors with a specific gene expression profile may impact pharmacological treatment options.
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Carnero A, Blanco-Aparicio C, Kondoh H, Lleonart ME, Martinez-Leal JF, Mondello C, Ivana Scovassi A, Bisson WH, Amedei A, Roy R, Woodrick J, Colacci A, Vaccari M, Raju J, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Salem HK, Memeo L, Forte S, Singh N, Hamid RA, Ryan EP, Brown DG, Wise JP, Wise SS, Yasaei H. Disruptive chemicals, senescence and immortality. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S19-37. [PMID: 26106138 PMCID: PMC4565607 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is thought to be a multistep process, with clonal evolution playing a central role in the process. Clonal evolution involves the repeated 'selection and succession' of rare variant cells that acquire a growth advantage over the remaining cell population through the acquisition of 'driver mutations' enabling a selective advantage in a particular micro-environment. Clonal selection is the driving force behind tumorigenesis and possesses three basic requirements: (i) effective competitive proliferation of the variant clone when compared with its neighboring cells, (ii) acquisition of an indefinite capacity for self-renewal, and (iii) establishment of sufficiently high levels of genetic and epigenetic variability to permit the emergence of rare variants. However, several questions regarding the process of clonal evolution remain. Which cellular processes initiate carcinogenesis in the first place? To what extent are environmental carcinogens responsible for the initiation of clonal evolution? What are the roles of genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens in carcinogenesis? What are the underlying mechanisms responsible for chemical carcinogen-induced cellular immortality? Here, we explore the possible mechanisms of cellular immortalization, the contribution of immortalization to tumorigenesis and the mechanisms by which chemical carcinogens may contribute to these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amancio Carnero
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +34955923111; Fax: +34955923101;
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Experimental Therapuetics Department, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Matilde E. Lleonart
- Institut De Recerca Hospital Vall D’Hebron, Passeig Vall d’Hebron, 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Chiara Mondello
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Ivana Scovassi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - William H. Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Italy, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Hosni K. Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George’s Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Roslida A. Hamid
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Dustin G. Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - John Pierce Wise
- The Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth Street, Portland, ME 04104, USA and
| | - Sandra S. Wise
- The Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth Street, Portland, ME 04104, USA and
| | - Hemad Yasaei
- Brunel Institute of Cancer Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Health and Environment Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
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Braeuning A, Bucher P, Hofmann U, Buchmann A, Schwarz M. Chemically induced mouse liver tumors are resistant to treatment with atorvastatin. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:766. [PMID: 25319454 PMCID: PMC4203962 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atorvastatin is a potent inhibitor of the mevalonate pathway and widely used as a hypolipidemic drug. Some epidemiological studies and animal experiments indicate that the long-term use of atorvastatin and structurally related drugs might be associated with a reduced risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common hepatocellular malignancy in humans. However, the potential of atorvastatin to inhibit HCC formation is controversially discussed. Methods Hepatocellular tumors were chemically induced by treatment of C3H/He mice with 10 μg/g body weight N-nitrosodiethylamine and the ability of atorvastatin to interfere with tumor formation was investigated by treatment of mice with 0.1% atorvastatin in the diet for 6 months. Tumor size and tumor multiplicity were analyzed, as were tissue levels of cholesterol and atorvastatin. Results Atorvastatin treatment efficiently reduced serum cholesterol levels. However, the growth of tumors driven by activated MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling was not attenuated by the presence of the drug, as evidenced by a lack of reduction of tumor volume or tumor multiplicity by atorvastatin. Levels of the atorvastatin uptake transporters Oatp1a4 and Oatp1b2 were down-regulated at the mRNA and protein levels in chemically induced mouse liver tumors, but without striking effects on atorvastatin concentrations in the tumor tissue. Conclusion In summary, the present data provide substantial evidence that atorvastatin does not beneficially influence tumor growth in mouse liver and thereby challenge the hypothesis that statin use might protect against hepatocellular cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-766) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Braeuning
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, University of Tuebingen, Wilhelmstr, 56, Tuebingen 72074, Germany.
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Genetic ablation of β-catenin inhibits the proliferative phenotype of mouse liver adenomas. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:132-8. [PMID: 24874479 PMCID: PMC4090738 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin has been implicated in various cancer-related processes, for example, proliferation or tumour cell survival. However, the exact mechanism by which β-catenin provides liver tumour cells with a selective advantage is still unclear. This study was aimed to analyse growth behaviour and survival of β-catenin-driven mouse liver tumours after β-catenin ablation. METHODS Transgenic mice with a controllable hepatocyte-specific knockout of Ctnnb1 (encoding β-catenin) were generated and liver tumours were induced by means of a N-nitrosodiethylamine/phenobarbital tumour initiation/promotion protocol, which leads to the outgrowth of hepatocellular tumours with activated β-catenin. Cre recombinase was activated and the effects of the knockout in the tumours were studied. RESULTS Activation of Cre recombinase led to the knockout of Ctnnb1 in a fraction of tumour cells, thus resulting in the formation of two different tumour cell subpopulations, with or without β-catenin. Comparative analysis of the two subpopulations revealed that cell proliferation was significantly decreased in Ctnnb1-deleted hepatoma cells, compared with the corresponding non-deleted cell population, whereas no increased rate of apoptosis after knockout of Ctnnb1 was observed. CONCLUSIONS β-catenin-dependent signalling is an important regulator of hepatoma cell growth in mice, but not a crucial factor in the regulation of tumour survival.
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