1
|
Stakišaitis D, Juknevičienė M, Damanskienė E, Valančiūtė A, Balnytė I, Alonso MM. The Importance of Gender-Related Anticancer Research on Mitochondrial Regulator Sodium Dichloroacetate in Preclinical Studies In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081210. [PMID: 31434295 PMCID: PMC6721567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) is an investigational medicinal product which has a potential anticancer preparation as a metabolic regulator in cancer cells’ mitochondria. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases by DCA keeps the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the active form, resulting in decreased lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment. This literature review displays the preclinical research data on DCA’s effects on the cell pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, pyruvate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species generation, and the Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter expression regulation in relation to gender. It presents DCA pharmacokinetics and the hepatocarcinogenic effect, and the safety data covers the DCA monotherapy efficacy for various human cancer xenografts in vivo in male and female animals. Preclinical cancer researchers report the synergistic effects of DCA combined with different drugs on cancer by reversing resistance to chemotherapy and promoting cell apoptosis. Researchers note that female and male animals differ in the mechanisms of cancerogenesis but often ignore studying DCA’s effects in relation to gender. Preclinical gender-related differences in DCA pharmacology, pharmacological mechanisms, and the elucidation of treatment efficacy in gonad hormone dependency could be relevant for individualized therapy approaches so that gender-related differences in treatment response and safety can be proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Stakišaitis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Milda Juknevičienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eligija Damanskienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Angelija Valančiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marta Maria Alonso
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 55 Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ruan LY, Li MH, Xing YX, Hong W, Chen C, Chen JF, Xu H, Zhao WL, Wang JS. Hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotection of Polygonum multiflorum Thund. as two sides of the same biological coin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 230:81-94. [PMID: 30416091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonum multiflorum Thund., a well-known and commonly-used TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) for treating hypertension, hyperlipidemia, premature graying of hair, and etc., has aroused wide concern for its reported potential liver toxicity. Due to its various active ingredients, the mechanisms underlying the hepatotoxicity of raw Polygonum multiflorum Thund (RPM) remain largely unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY 1H NMR metabolomics was used to study the mechanism of RPM induced hepatotoxicity and disclosed the existence of hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotection conversion during RPM administration in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three dosages of RPM were administered by gavage to mice for consecutive 28 days. The serum and liver samples were collected and then subjected for histopathology observation, biochemical measurement and 1H NMR metabolic profiling. RESULTS RPM caused oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction in mice, resulting in significant disturbance in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism and also inducing inflammatory responses. RPM induced hepatotoxicity in an apparent non-linear manner: the most severe in low dosage group, and to a less extent in medium group according to metabolomics analysis. The attenuation of liver injury in mice livers might result from the therapeutic effects, such as anti-oxidative capacity of RPM components. CONCLUSION RPM exerted a complicated non-linear manner in healthy recipients, switching between hepatoxicity and hepatoprotection dependent on the dosage and status of the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Ruan
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Yue-Xiao Xing
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Wei Hong
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Han Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Wen-Long Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu T, Zhang P, Ling Y, Hu G, Gu J, Yang H, Wei J, Wang A, Jin H. Protective Effect of Colla corii asini against Lung Injuries Induced by Intratracheal Instillation of Artificial Fine Particles in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010055. [PMID: 30583600 PMCID: PMC6337124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental issues pose huge threats to public health, particularly the damage caused by fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, the mechanisms of injury require further investigation and medical materials that can protect the lungs from PM2.5 are needed. We have found that Colla corii asini, a traditional Chinese medicine that has long been used to treat various ailments, is a good candidate to serve this purpose. To understand the mechanisms of PM2.5-induced lung toxicity and the protective effects of Colla corii asini, we established a rat model of lung injury via intratracheal instillation of artificial PM2.5 (aPM2.5). Our results demonstrated that Colla corii asini significantly protected against lung function decline and pathologic changes. Inflammation was ameliorated by suppression of Arg-1 to adjust the disturbed metabolic pathways induced by aPM2.5, such as arginine and nitrogen metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, for 11 weeks. Our work found that metabolomics was a useful tool that contributed to further understanding of PM2.5-induced respiratory system damage and provided useful information for further pharmacological research on Colla corii asini, which may be valuable for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Piaopiao Zhang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yahao Ling
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guang Hu
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jianjun Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong 252299, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jinfeng Wei
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
- Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Aiping Wang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
- Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Hongtao Jin
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
- Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang BL, Zhang CW, Wang L, Tang KL, Tanaka N, Gonzalez FJ, Xu Y, Fang ZZ. Lipidomics reveal aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr)-regulated lipid metabolic pathway in alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:591-601. [PMID: 29737914 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1467065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS)-based lipidomics was employed to elucidate new mechanism of alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in mice. 2. Multiple lipid components significantly increased in ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis, including PC 16:0, 20:4, PC 16:0, 22:6, PC 16:0, 18:2, LPC 18:2, PC 18:2, LPC 18:1, PC 18:1, 14:0, SM 18:1, 16:0, oleoylcarnitine and palmitoylcarnitine. This alteration of lipid profile was induced by the changed expression of genes choline kinase (Chk) a, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (SMPD) and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1). 3. Knockout of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) in mice can significantly reverse ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis, as indicated by lowered ALT, AST and ALP activity, and liver histology. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor knockout significantly reversed ANIT-induced lipid metabolism alteration through regulating the expression of Chka. 4. In conclusion, this study demonstrated ANIT-induced lipid metabolism disruption might be the potential pathogenesis of ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Long Wang
- a Department of Urology , The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin , China.,b Department of Urology , General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Chang-Wen Zhang
- a Department of Urology , The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin , China
| | - Liang Wang
- b Department of Urology , General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Kun-Long Tang
- b Department of Urology , General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- c Laboratory of Metabolism , Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.,d Department of Metabolic Regulation , Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- c Laboratory of Metabolism , Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Yong Xu
- a Department of Urology , The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- c Laboratory of Metabolism , Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.,e Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,f Key Laboratory of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM) , Jinzhou , China.,g Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Venkatratnam A, Furuya S, Kosyk O, Gold A, Bodnar W, Konganti K, Threadgill DW, Gillespie KM, Aylor DL, Wright FA, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Editor's Highlight: Collaborative Cross Mouse Population Enables Refinements to Characterization of the Variability in Toxicokinetics of Trichloroethylene and Provides Genetic Evidence for the Role of PPAR Pathway in Its Oxidative Metabolism. Toxicol Sci 2018; 158:48-62. [PMID: 28369613 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a known carcinogen in humans and rodents. Previous studies of inter-strain variability in TCE metabolism were conducted in multi-strain panels of classical inbred mice with limited genetic diversity to identify gene-environment interactions associated with chemical exposure. Objectives To evaluate inter-strain variability in TCE metabolism and identify genetic determinants that are associated with TCE metabolism and effects using Collaborative Cross (CC), a large panel of genetically diverse strains of mice. Methods We administered a single oral dose of 0, 24, 80, 240, or 800 mg/kg of TCE to mice from 50 CC strains, and collected organs 24 h post-dosing. Levels of trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a major oxidative metabolite of TCE were measured in multiple tissues. Protein expression and activity levels of TCE-metabolizing enzymes were evaluated in the liver. Liver transcript levels of known genes perturbed by TCE exposure were also quantified. Genetic association mapping was performed on the acquired phenotypes. Results TCA levels varied in a dose- and strain-dependent manner in liver, kidney, and serum. The variability in TCA levels among strains did not correlate with expression or activity of a number of enzymes known to be involved in TCE oxidation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-responsive genes were found to be associated with strain-specific differences in TCE metabolism. Conclusions This study shows that CC mouse population is a valuable tool to quantitatively evaluate inter-individual variability in chemical metabolism and to identify genes and pathways that may underpin population differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Venkatratnam
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Shinji Furuya
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Oksana Kosyk
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Wanda Bodnar
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - David W Threadgill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Kevin M Gillespie
- Bioinformatics Research Center and Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - David L Aylor
- Bioinformatics Research Center and Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Fred A Wright
- Bioinformatics Research Center and Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang H, Fang ZZ, Meng R, Cao YF, Tanaka N, Krausz KW, Gonzalez FJ. Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate-induced liver injury and bile acid cycle disruption. Toxicology 2017; 386:133-142. [PMID: 28549656 PMCID: PMC5594256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT) is a common hepatotoxicant experimentally used to reproduce the pathologies of drug-induced liver injury in humans, but the mechanism of its toxicity remains unclear. To determine the metabolic alterations following ANIT exposure, metabolomic analyses was performed by use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of liver, serum, bile, ileum, and cecum of vehicle- and ANIT-treated mice revealed significant alterations of individual bile acids, including increased tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurohydrodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, and taurodeoxycholic acid, and decreased ω-, β- and tauro-α/β- murideoxycholic acid, cholic acid, and taurocholic acid in the ANIT-treated groups. In accordance with these changes, ANIT treatment altered the expression of mRNAs encoded by genes responsible for the metabolism and transport of bile acids and cholesterol. Pre-treatment of glycyrrhizin (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) prevented ANIT-induced liver damage and reversed the alteration of bile acid metabolites and Cyp7a1, Npc1l1, Mttp, and Acat2 mRNAs encoding bile acid transport and metabolism proteins. These results suggested that GL/GA could prevent drug-induced liver injury and ensuing disruption of bile acid metabolism in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haina Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China; Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ran Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fang ZZ, Tanaka N, Lu D, Jiang CT, Zhang WH, Zhang C, Du Z, Fu ZW, Gao P, Cao YF, Sun HZ, Zhu ZT, Cai Y, Krausz KW, Yao Z, Gonzalez FJ. Role of the lipid-regulated NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 axis in alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2235-2244. [PMID: 27853831 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced liver damage is regarded as a useful model to study drug-induced cholestatic hepatitis. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS)-based metabolomics revealed clues to the mechanism of ANIT-induced liver injury, which facilitates the elucidation of drug-induced liver toxicity. 1-Stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (LPC 18:0) and 1-oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (LPC 18:1) were significantly increased in serum from ANIT-treated mice, and this increase resulted from altered expression of genes encoding the lipid metabolism enzymes Chka and Scd1. ANIT also increased NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 signaling, and in vitro luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that LPC 18:0 and LPC 18:1 can activate NF-κB in a concentration-dependent manner. Activation of PPARα through feeding mice a Wy-14,643-containing diet (0.1%) reduced ANIT-induced liver injury, as indicated by lowered ALT and AST levels, and liver histology. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated a role for the lipid-regulated NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 axis in ANIT-induced hepatotoxicity, and that PPARα may be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of drug-induced cholestatic liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30070, China.,Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, No. 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30070, China
| | - Chang-Tao Jiang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei-Hua Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Zuo Du
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian, 116031, China
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, No. 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Sun
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, No. 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi-Tu Zhu
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, No. 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30070, China.
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Walker DI, Uppal K, Zhang L, Vermeulen R, Smith M, Hu W, Purdue MP, Tang X, Reiss B, Kim S, Li L, Huang H, Pennell KD, Jones DP, Rothman N, Lan Q. High-resolution metabolomics of occupational exposure to trichloroethylene. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1517-1527. [PMID: 27707868 PMCID: PMC5100622 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) has been linked to adverse health outcomes including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and kidney and liver cancer; however, TCE’s mode of action for development of these diseases in humans is not well understood. Methods: Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of plasma obtained from 80 TCE-exposed workers [full shift exposure range of 0.4 to 230 parts-per-million of air (ppma)] and 95 matched controls were completed by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Biological response to TCE exposure was determined using a metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) framework, with metabolic changes and plasma TCE metabolites evaluated by dose-response and pathway enrichment. Biological perturbations were then linked to immunological, renal and exposure molecular markers measured in the same population. Results: Metabolic features associated with TCE exposure included known TCE metabolites, unidentifiable chlorinated compounds and endogenous metabolites. Exposure resulted in a systemic response in endogenous metabolism, including disruption in purine catabolism and decreases in sulphur amino acid and bile acid biosynthesis pathways. Metabolite associations with TCE exposure included uric acid (β = 0.13, P-value = 3.6 × 10−5), glutamine (β = 0.08, P-value = 0.0013), cystine (β = 0.75, P-value = 0.0022), methylthioadenosine (β = −1.6, P-value = 0.0043), taurine (β = −2.4, P-value = 0.0011) and chenodeoxycholic acid (β = −1.3, P-value = 0.0039), which are consistent with known toxic effects of TCE, including immunosuppression, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Correlation with additional exposure markers and physiological endpoints supported known disease associations. Conclusions: High-resolution metabolomics correlates measured occupational exposure to internal dose and metabolic response, providing insight into molecular mechanisms of exposure-related disease aetiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas I Walker
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, .,Deptartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Karan Uppal
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martyn Smith
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Tang
- Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Boris Reiss
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Laiyu Li
- Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanlin Huang
- Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- Deptartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.,Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fang ZZ, Zhang D, Cao YF, Xie C, Lu D, Sun DX, Tanaka N, Jiang C, Chen Q, Chen Y, Wang H, Gonzalez FJ. Irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced elevation of bile acids potentiates suppression of IL-10 expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 291:21-7. [PMID: 26706406 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a first-line anti-colon cancer drug, however; CPT-11-induced toxicity remains a key factor limiting its clinical application. To search for clues to the mechanism of CPT-11-induced toxicity, metabolomics was applied using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of CPT-11 induced loss of body weight, and intestine toxicity. Changes in gallbladder morphology suggested alterations in bile acid metabolism, as revealed at the molecular level by analysis of the liver, bile, and ileum metabolomes between the vehicle-treated control group and the CPT-11-treated group. Analysis of immune cell populations further showed that CPT-11 treatment significantly decreased the IL-10-producing CD4 T cell frequency in intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes, but not in spleen or mesenteric lymph nodes. In vitro cell culture studies showed that the addition of bile acids deoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid accelerated the CPT-11-induced suppression of IL-10 secretion by activated CD4(+) naive T cells isolated from mouse splenocytes. These results showed that CPT-11 treatment caused metabolic changes in the composition of bile acids that altered CPT-11-induced suppression of IL-10 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ze Fang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cen Xie
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong-Xue Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haina Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fang ZZ, Tosh DK, Tanaka N, Wang H, Krausz KW, O'Connor R, Jacobson KA, Gonzalez FJ. Metabolic mapping of A3 adenosine receptor agonist MRS5980. Biochem Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26212548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(1S,2R,3S,4R,5S)-4-(2-((5-Chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethynyl)-6-(methylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl)-2,3-dihydroxy-N-methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxamide (MRS5980) is an A3AR selective agonist containing multiple receptor affinity- and selectivity-enhancing modifications and a therapeutic candidate drug for many inflammatory diseases. Metabolism-related poor pharmacokinetic behavior and toxicities are a major reason for drug R&D failure. Metabolomics with UPLC-MS was employed to profile the metabolism of MRS5980 and MRS5980-induced disruption of endogenous compounds. Recombinant drug-metabolizing enzymes screening experiment were used to determine the enzymes involved in MRS5980 metabolism. Analysis of lipid metabolism-related genes was performed to investigate the reason for MRS5980-induced lipid metabolic disorders. Unsupervised principal components analysis separated the control and MRS5980 treatment groups in feces, urine, and liver samples, but not in bile and serum. The major ions mainly contributing to the separation of feces and urine were oxidized MRS5980, glutathione (GSH) conjugates and cysteine conjugate (degradation product of the GSH conjugates) of MRS5980. The major ions contributing to the group separation of liver samples were phosphatidylcholines. In vitro incubation experiments showed the involvement of CYP3A enzymes in the oxidative metabolism of MRS5980 and direct GSH reactivity of MRS5980. The electrophilic attack by MRS5980 is a minor pathway and did not alter GSH levels in liver or liver histology, and thus may be of minor clinical consequence. Gene expression analysis further showed decreased expression of PC biosynthetic genes choline kinase a and b, which further accelerated conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylcholines through increasing the expression of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3. These data will be useful to guide rational design of drugs targeting A3AR, considering efficacy, metabolic elimination, and electrophilic reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ze Fang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haina Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert O'Connor
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA.
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Systems biology and synthetic biology are emerging disciplines which are becoming increasingly utilised in several areas of bioscience. Toxicology is beginning to benefit from systems biology and we suggest in the future that is will also benefit from synthetic biology. Thus, a new era is on the horizon. This review illustrates how a suite of innovative techniques and tools can be applied to understanding complex health and toxicology issues. We review limitations confronted by the traditional computational approaches to toxicology and epidemiology research, using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their effects on adverse birth outcomes as an illustrative example. We introduce how systems toxicology (and their subdisciplines, genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic toxicology) will help to overcome such limitations. In particular, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of mathematical frameworks that computationally represent biological systems. Finally, we discuss the nascent discipline of synthetic biology and highlight relevant toxicological centred applications of this technique, including improvements in personalised medicine. We conclude this review by presenting a number of opportunities and challenges that could shape the future of these rapidly evolving disciplines.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been widely used in metabonomics analyses of biofluid samples. Biofluids provide a wealth of information about the metabolism of the whole body and from multiple regions of the body that can be used to study general health status and organ function. Blood serum and blood plasma, for example, can provide a comprehensive picture of the whole body, while urine can be used to monitor the function of the kidneys, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) will provide information about the status of the brain and central nervous system (CNS). Different methods have been developed for the extraction of metabolites from biofluids, these ranging from solvent extracts, acids, heat denaturation, and filtration. These methods vary widely in terms of efficiency of protein removal and in the number of metabolites extracted. Consequently, for all biofluid-based metabonomics studies, it is vital to optimize and standardize all steps of sample preparation, including initial extraction of metabolites. In this chapter, recommendations are made of the optimum experimental conditions for biofluid samples for GC-MS, with a particular focus on blood serum and plasma samples.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim J, Shin M. An integrative model of multi-organ drug-induced toxicity prediction using gene-expression data. BMC Bioinformatics 2014; 15 Suppl 16:S2. [PMID: 25522097 PMCID: PMC4290650 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-s16-s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In practice, some drugs produce a number of negative biological effects that can mitigate their effectiveness as a remedy. To address this issue, several studies have been performed for the prediction of drug-induced toxicity from gene-expression data, and a significant amount of work has been done on predicting limited drug-induced symptoms or single-organ toxicity. Since drugs often lead to some injuries in several organs like liver or kidney, however, it would be very useful to forecast the drug-induced injuries for multiple organs. Therefore, in this work, our aim was to develop a multi-organ toxicity prediction model using an integrative model of gene-expression data. Results To train our integrative model, we used 3708 in-vivo samples of gene-expression profiles exposed to one of 41 drugs related to 21 distinct physiological changes divided between liver and kidney (liver 11, kidney 10). Specifically, we used the gene-expression profiles to learn an ensemble classifier for each of 21 pathology prediction models. Subsequently, these classifiers were combined with weights to generate an integrative model for each pathological finding. The integrative model outputs the likeliness of presenting the trained pathology in a given test sample of gene-expression profile, called an integrative prediction score (IPS). For the evaluation of an integrative model, we estimated the prediction performance with the k-fold cross-validation. Our results demonstrate that the proposed integrative model is superior to individual pathology prediction models in predicting multi-organ drug-induced toxicities over all the targeted pathological findings. On average, the AUC of the integrative models was 88% while the AUC of individual pathology prediction models was 68%. Conclusions Not only does this integrative model produce comparable prediction performance to existing approaches, but also it produces very stable performance overall. In addition, our approach is easily expandable to a variety of other multi-organ toxicology applications.
Collapse
|
14
|
Han JC, Yu J, Gao YJ. Lipidomics investigation of reversal effect of glycyrrhizin (GL) towards lithocholic acid (LCA)-induced alteration of phospholipid profiles. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1624-1628. [PMID: 25289528 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.900810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Glycyrrhizin (GL), the major ingredient isolated from licorice, exerts multiple pharmacological activities. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the protective mechanism of GL towards lithocholic acid (LCA)-induced liver toxicity using lipidomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS GL (200 mg/kg) dissolved in corn oil was treated intraperitoneally for 7 d. On the 4th day, 200 mg/kg LCA was used to treat mice (i.p., twice daily) for another 4 d. The protective role of GL towards LCA-induced liver toxicity was investigated through evaluating the liver histology and the activity of alanine transaminase (ALT). The complete lipid profile was employed using UFLC-Triple TOF MS-based lipidomics. RESULTS Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 200 mg/kg GL can significantly protect LCA-induced liver damage, indicated by alleviated histology alteration and prevention of the ALT elevation. Lipidomics analysis can well separate the control group from LCA-treated group, and three lipid components were major contributors, including LPC 16:0, LPC 18:0, and LPC 18:2. GL treatment can significantly prevent LCA-induced reduction of these three lipid compounds, providing a new explanation for GL's protection mechanism towards LCA-induced liver toxicity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The recent study highlights the importance of lipidomics in elucidating the therapeutic mechanism of herbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Chun Han
- Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao X, Qu H, Ai CZ, Cao YF, Huang T, Chen JX, Zeng J, Sun XY, Hong M, Gonzalez FJ, Liu Z, Fang ZZ. Regulation profile of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) components towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) isoforms. Xenobiotica 2014; 45:197-206. [PMID: 25259654 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.966174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1.Endogenous compounds have been reported to be the regulators of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) isoforms. This study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of the activity of UGT isoforms by two important lipid components phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) using in vitro incubation system. 2.UGTs supersomes-catalyzed 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) glucuronidation was used as the probe reaction to evaluate the inhibition of compounds towards UGT isoforms except UGT1A4, and UGT1A4-catalyzed trifluoperazine (TFP) glucuronidation reaction was utilized to phenotype the activity of UGT1A4. 3.About 50 μM of LPC15:0, LPC16:0, LPC17:0, LPC18:0, LPC18:1 and PC16:0, 2:0 exhibited inhibition towards more than 90% activity of UGT isoforms, and other LPC and PC components showed negligible inhibitory potential towards all the UGT isoforms. UGT1A6 and UGT1A8 were identified to be the most sensitive UGT isoforms susceptible for the inhibition by LPC15:0, LPC16:0, LPC17:0, LPC18:0, LPC18:1 and PC16:0, 2:0, indicating the strong influence of these LPC and PC components towards UGT1A6 and UGT1A8-catalyzed metabolic reaction when the concentrations of these components increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics can have a major impact in multiple research fields, especially when combined with other technologies, such as stable isotope tracers and genetically modified mice. This review highlights recent applications of metabolomic technology in the study of xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity, and the understanding of disease pathogenesis and therapeutics. Metabolomics has been employed to study metabolism of noscapine, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, and to determine the mechanisms of liver toxicities of rifampicin and isoniazid, trichloroethylene, and gemfibrozil. Metabolomics-based insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, alcohol-induced liver diseases, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and farnesoid X receptor signaling pathway-based therapeutic target discovery will also be discussed. Limitations in metabolomics technology such as sample preparation and lack of LC-MS databases and metabolite standards, need to be resolved in order to improve and broaden the application of metabolomic studies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hassoun E, Cearfoss J. Do Antioxidant Enzymes and Glutathione Play Roles in the Induction of Hepatic Oxidative Stress in Mice upon Subchronic Exposure to Mixtures of Dichloroacetate and Trichloroacetate? TOXICOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 96:482-490. [PMID: 25530655 PMCID: PMC4267469 DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2014.947988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA) are water chlorination byproducts, and their mixtures were previously found to induce additive to greater than additive effects on hepatic oxidative stress (OS) induction in mice after subchronic exposure. To investigate the roles of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione (GSH) in those effects, livers of B6C3F1 mice treated by gavage with 7.5, 15, or 30 mg DCA/kg/day, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg TCA/kg/day, and mixtures (Mix I, Mix II and Mix III) at DCA:TCA ratios corresponding to 7.5:12.5, 15:25 and 25:50 mg/kg/day, respectively, for 13 weeks. Livers were assayed for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as for GSH levels. In general, DCA suppressed SOD and GSH-Px activities and GSH levels but caused no changes in CAT activity; TCA increased SOD and CAT activities, suppressed GSH-Px activity, but did not change GSH levels; mixtures of DCA and TCA increased SOD and CAT activities and suppressed GSH-Px activity and GSH levels. In conclusion, antioxidant enzymes contribute to DCA-, TCA- and mixtures-induced OS, but not to changes from additive to greater than additive effects produced by different mixture compositions of the compounds. GSH on the hand may contribute to these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezdihar Hassoun
- The University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, HSC 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614-2598, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Cearfoss
- The University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, HSC 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614-2598, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gemfibrozil disrupts lysophosphatidylcholine and bile acid homeostasis via PPARα and its relevance to hepatotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:983-96. [PMID: 24385052 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Gemfibrozil, a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), is one of the most widely prescribed anti-dyslipidemia fibrate drugs. Among the adverse reactions observed with gemfibrozil are alterations in liver function, cholestatic jaundice, and cholelithiasis. However, the mechanisms underlying these toxicities are poorly understood. In this study, wild-type and Ppara-null mice were dosed with a gemfibrozil-containing diet for 14 days. Ultra-performance chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and traditional approaches were used to assess the mechanism of gemfibrozil-induced hepatotoxicity. Unsupervised multivariate data analysis revealed four lysophosphatidylcholine components in wild-type mice that varied more dramatically than those in Ppara-null mice. Targeted metabolomics revealed taurocholic acid and tauro-α-muricholic acid/tauro-β-muricholic acid were significantly increased in wild-type mice, but not in Ppara-null mice. In addition to the above perturbations in metabolite homeostasis, phenotypic alterations in the liver were identified. Hepatic genes involved in metabolism and transportation of lysophosphatidylcholine and bile acid compounds were differentially regulated between wild-type and Ppara-null mice, in agreement with the observed downstream metabolic alterations. These data suggest that PPARα mediates gemfibrozil-induced hepatotoxicity in part by disrupting phospholipid and bile acid homeostasis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hassoun E, Cearfoss J, Mamada S, Al-Hassan N, Brown M, Heimberger K, Liu MC. The effects of mixtures of dichloroacetate and trichloroacetate on induction of oxidative stress in livers of mice after subchronic exposure. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:313-23. [PMID: 24593144 PMCID: PMC4100325 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.864576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA) are drinking-water chlorination by-products previously found to induce oxidative stress (OS) in hepatic tissues of B6C3F1 male mice. To assess the effects of mixtures of the compounds on OS, groups of male B6C3F1 mice were treated daily by gavage with DCA at doses of 7.5, 15, or 30 mg/kg/d, TCA at doses of 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg/d, and 3 mixtures of DCA and TCA (Mix I, Mix II, and Mix III), for 13 wk. The concentrations of the compounds in Mix I, Mix II, and Mix III corresponded to those producing approximately 15, 25, and 35%, respectively, of maximal induction of OS by individual compounds. Livers were assayed for production of superoxide anion (SA), lipid peroxidation (LP), and DNA single-strand breaks (SSB). DCA, TCA, and the mixtures produced dose-dependent increases in the three tested biomarkers. Mix I and II effects on the three biomarkers, and Mix III effect on SA production were found to be additive, while Mix III effects on LP and DNA-SSB were shown to be greater than additive. Induction of OS in livers of B6C3F1 mice after subchronic exposure to DCA and TCA was previously suggested as an important mechanism in chronic hepatotoxicity/hepatocarcinogenicity induced by these compounds. Hence, there may be rise in exposure risk to these compounds as these agents coexist in drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezdihar Hassoun
- The University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, HSC 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614-2598, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed, Telephone: 419-383-1917, Fax: 419-383-1909,
| | - Jacquelyn Cearfoss
- The University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, HSC 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614-2598, USA
| | - Sukamto Mamada
- The University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, HSC 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614-2598, USA
| | - Noor Al-Hassan
- College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, MC, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Michael Brown
- The University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, HSC 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614-2598, USA
| | - Kevin Heimberger
- The University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, HSC 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614-2598, USA
| | - Ming-Cheh Liu
- The University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, HSC 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614-2598, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Arciello M, Gori M, Maggio R, Barbaro B, Tarocchi M, Galli A, Balsano C. Environmental pollution: a tangible risk for NAFLD pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:22052-66. [PMID: 24213605 PMCID: PMC3856051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141122052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is crucial for human life, and the health of this organ often mirrors the health of the individual. The liver can be the target of several diseases, the most prevalent of which, as a consequence of development and changes in human lifestyles, is the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a multifactorial disease that embraces many histo-pathologic conditions and is highly linked to metabolic derangements. Technological progress and industrialization have also had the consequence of releasing pollutants in the environment, for instance pesticides or solvents, as well as by-products of discharge, such as the particulate matter. In the last decade, a growing body of evidence has emerged, shedding light on the potential impact of environmental pollutants on liver health and, in particular, on NAFLD occurrence. These contaminants have a great steatogenic potential and need to be considered as tangible NAFLD risk factors. There is an urgent need for a deeper comprehension of their molecular mechanisms of action, as well as for new lines of intervention to reduce their worldwide diffusion. This review wishes to sensitize the community to the effects of several environmental pollutants on liver health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Arciello
- Francesco Balsano Foundation, via G.B. Martini 6, Rome 00198, Italy; E-Mails: (M.A.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Manuele Gori
- Francesco Balsano Foundation, via G.B. Martini 6, Rome 00198, Italy; E-Mails: (M.A.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (B.B.)
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10, Ancona 60020, Italy
| | - Roberta Maggio
- Francesco Balsano Foundation, via G.B. Martini 6, Rome 00198, Italy; E-Mails: (M.A.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Barbaro
- Francesco Balsano Foundation, via G.B. Martini 6, Rome 00198, Italy; E-Mails: (M.A.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Mirko Tarocchi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy; E-Mails: (M.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Galli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy; E-Mails: (M.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Clara Balsano
- Francesco Balsano Foundation, via G.B. Martini 6, Rome 00198, Italy; E-Mails: (M.A.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (B.B.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM)-National Research Council (CNR), Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, Rome 00185, Italy
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-06-4993-3094; Fax: +39-06-4991-0908
| |
Collapse
|