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Birch Kristensen E, Yakimov V, Bjorn-Mortensen K, Soborg B, Koch A, Andersson M, Birch Kristensen K, Michelsen SW, Skotte L, Ahrendt Bjerregaard A, Blaszkewicz M, Golka K, Hengstler JG, Feenstra B, Melbye M, Geller F. Study of correlation between the NAT2 phenotype and genotype status among Greenlandic Inuit. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:1043-1053. [PMID: 30564082 PMCID: PMC6295636 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is the main enzyme metabolizing isoniazid and genotype-based treatment has been studied for years without becoming common practice. To investigate whether genotype-based isoniazid treatment is feasible in Greenland, we sequenced the coding sequence of NAT2 and determined the NAT2 enzyme-activity by caffeine test. No additional genetic variants were identified in the coding sequence of NAT2, so that genotype status in 260 study participants could be assessed by a well-established 7-SNP panel. Studying the enzyme activity by the ratio of the two caffeine metabolites AFMU and 1X in 260 participants showed a high rate of slow phenotypes with intermediate or rapid genotype. These misclassifications were mainly observed in urine samples with pH<3, a deviation from the standard protocol due to the field work character of the study, where immediate pH adjustment to pH=3.5 was not possible. We excluded these samples. For the remaining 143 individuals with pH>3, we observed a moderate level of discrepancies (19 of the 116 individuals with intermediate or rapid genotype status having a slow phenotype). Further investigation showed that drinking coffee and not tea or cola was the most important factor for high levels of both metabolites. The concordance between phenotype and genotype status with regard to slow metabolism supported the recommendation of lower isoniazid doses in individuals with slow genotype status in order to avoid liver injury, a frequent side effect. The phenotypical variation observed for individuals with intermediate or rapid genotype status warrants further research before increased dosing of isoniazid can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Yakimov
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bolette Soborg
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Koch
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Ilisimatusarfik, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Mikael Andersson
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Line Skotte
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Meinolf Blaszkewicz
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), TU Dortmund, Germany
| | - Klaus Golka
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), TU Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), TU Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frank Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bolt HM. Additional evidence for the 'wimp SNP' concept of carcinogenesis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:1230-1232. [PMID: 29285018 PMCID: PMC5735334 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann M Bolt
- IfADo, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
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Combined presence of four individually weak genetic variants strongly increases cancer risk. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:4025-4026. [PMID: 29143080 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zou Y, Dong S, Xu S, Gong Q, Chen J. Genetic polymorphisms of NAT2 and risk of acute myeloid leukemia: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7499. [PMID: 29049179 PMCID: PMC5662345 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our purpose was to investigate the possible associations between N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) gene polymorphisms and the risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in Chinese Han population.A case-control study was conducted including 98 AML cases and 112 healthy controls. NAT2 gene 2 polymorphisms rs1799930 and rs1799931 were genotyped using direct sequencing. Chi-square test was performed to compare the genotype and allele distribution differences between groups. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to estimate the association between NAT2 gene polymorphisms and AML onset.A remarkable decrease trend of rs1799931 GA genotype was detected in AML patients compared with controls, whereas the ancestral GG genotype frequency increased in cases (P < .05). And the mutant A allele of rs1799931 significantly reduced the risk of AML by 0.585-fold versus the ancestral G allele carriers (OR = 0.585, 95% CI = 0.361-0.950). But the distributions of rs1799930 genotype and allele were similar between groups (P > .05).Our findings suggested that NAT2 gene polymorphism rs1799931 was associated with decreased risk of AML and was likely to be a protective factor against AML development.
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Bjorn-Mortensen K, Ladefoged K, Simonsen J, Michelsen SW, Sørensen HCF, Koch A, Lillebaek T, Andersen AB, Soborg B. Erythema nodosum and the risk of tuberculosis in a high incidence setting. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016; 75:32666. [PMID: 27784508 PMCID: PMC5081485 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v75.32666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study estimates the erythema nodosum (EN) incidence in a tuberculosis (TB) endemic setting and evaluates the likelihood of a subsequent TB diagnosis among individuals with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MTI) with or without EN. DESIGN We estimated EN incidence rates (IRs) in East Greenland in 2010-2011 and conducted a cohort study following all individuals who tested positive for MTI from 1 January 2010 until 31 December 2012. A personal identifier allowed individual follow-up in the mandatory TB register. MTI was defined by a positive interferon-gamma release assay. TB incidence rate ratios (IRRs) among participants with or without EN were estimated with the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS We identified 38 EN cases corresponding to an IR of 500/100,000 inhabitants/year. All cases were among individuals with MTI. The EN IR was 11.79 (95% CI 5.73-24.27) times higher for BCG-unvaccinated compared with BCG-vaccinated individuals. The TB IRR was 25 (95% CI 11-60) within 1 month of EN compared to individuals without EN. CONCLUSION This study documents a high EN incidence in a TB endemic region. EN occurred only in individuals with MTI, and predominantly among BCG-unvaccinated individuals. EN was significantly associated with a TB diagnosis within 1 month of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bjorn-Mortensen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Greenland's Center of Health Research, Nuuk, Greenland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;
| | - Karin Ladefoged
- Department of Internal Medicine, Queen Ingrid's Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Jacob Simonsen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sascha W Michelsen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Koch
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels Lillebaek
- International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aase Bengaard Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Soborg
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tahir IM, Iqbal T, Saleem S, Mehboob H, Akhter N, Riaz M. Effect of acetaminophen on sulfamethazine acetylation in male volunteers. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 29:17-22. [PMID: 26519524 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015593238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of acetaminophen on sulfamethazine N-acetylation by human N-acetyltrasferase-2 (NAT2) was studied in 19 (n=19) healthy male volunteers in two different phases. In the first phase of the study the volunteers were given an oral dose of sulfamethazine 500 mg alone and blood and urine samples were collected. After the 10-day washout period the same selected volunteers were again administered sulfamethazine 500 mg along with 1000 mg acetaminophen. The acetylation of sulfamethazine by human NAT2 in both phases with and without acetaminophen was determined by HPLC to establish their respective phenotypes. In conclusion obtained statistics of present study revealed that acetaminophen significantly (P<0.0001) decreased sulfamethazine acetylation in plasma of both slow and fast acetylator male volunteers. A highly significant (P<0.0001) decrease in plasma-free and total sulfamethazine concentration was also observed when acetaminophen was co-administered. Urine acetylation status in both phases of the study was found not to be in complete concordance with that of plasma. Acetaminophen significantly (P<0.0001) increased the acetyl, free and total sulfamethazine concentration in urine of both slow and fast acetylators. Urine acetylation analysis has not been found to be a suitable approach for phenotypic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - T Iqbal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - H Mehboob
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - N Akhter
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Riaz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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