1
|
Song C, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Chen Y. Neurotoxic mechanisms of mycotoxins: Focus on aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124359. [PMID: 38866317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and T-2 toxin are commonly found in animal feed and stored grain, posing a serious threat to human and animal health. Mycotoxins can penetrate brain tissue by compromising the blood-brain barrier, triggering oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and leading to oxidative damage and apoptosis of brain cells. The potential neurotoxic mechanisms of AFB1 and T-2 toxin were discussed by summarizing the relevant research reports from the past ten years. AFB1 and T-2 toxin cause neuronal damage in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, leading to synaptic transmission dysfunction, ultimately impairing the nervous system function of the body. The toxic mechanism is related to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, autophagy, and an exaggerated inflammatory response. After passing through the blood-brain barrier, toxins can directly affect glial cells, alter the activation state of microglia and astrocytes, thereby promoting brain inflammation, disrupting the blood-brain barrier, and influencing the synaptic transmission process. We discussed the diverse effects of various concentrations of toxins and different modes of exposure on neurotoxicity. In addition, toxins can also cross the placental barrier, causing neurotoxic symptoms in offspring, as demonstrated in various species. Our goal is to uncover the underlying mechanisms of the neurotoxicity of AFB1 and T-2 toxin and to provide insights for future research, including investigating the impact of mycotoxins on interactions between microglia and astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Wang B, Wang P, Hua Z, Zhang S, Wang X, Yang X, Zhang C. Review of neurotoxicity of T-2 toxin. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:85-95. [PMID: 38217761 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a representative trichothecene that is widely detected in corn, wheat and other grain feeds. T-2 toxin has stable physical and chemical properties, making it difficult to remove from food and feed. Hence, T-2 toxin has become an unavoidable pollutant in food for humans and animals. T-2 toxin can enter brain tissue by crossing the blood-brain barrier and leads to congestion, swelling and even apoptosis of neurons. T-2 toxin poisoning can directly lead to clinical symptoms (anti-feeding reaction and decline of learning and memory function in humans and animals). Maternal T-2 toxin exposure also exerted toxic effects on the central nervous system of offspring. Oxidative stress is the core neurotoxicity mechanism underlying T-2 toxin poison. Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial oxidative damage and inflammation are all involved in the neurotoxicity induced by T-2 toxin. Thus, alleviating oxidative stress has become a potential target for relieving the neurotoxicity induced by T-2 toxin. Future efforts should be devoted to revealing the neurotoxic molecular mechanism of T-2 toxin and exploring effective therapeutic drugs to alleviate T-2 toxin-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youshuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zeao Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li L, Li X, Han R, Wu M, Ma Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Li Y. Therapeutic Potential of Chinese Medicine for Endogenous Neurogenesis: A Promising Candidate for Stroke Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050706. [PMID: 37242489 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Strokes are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults worldwide. Extensive preclinical studies have shown that neural-stem-cell-based treatments have great therapeutic potential for stroke. Several studies have confirmed that the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine can protect and maintain the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells through different targets and mechanisms. Therefore, the use of Chinese medicines to activate and promote endogenous nerve regeneration and repair is a potential treatment option for stroke patients. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding neural stem cell strategies for ischemic strokes and the potential effects of these Chinese medicines on neuronal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meirong Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yaolei Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzhao Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu X, Wang Z, Wang X, Yan X, He Q, Liu S, Ye M, Li X, Yuan Z, Wu J, Yi J, Wen L, Li R. Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway in T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis of porcine renal epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 432:115753. [PMID: 34637808 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a highly toxic trichothecene that can induce toxic effects in a variety of organs and tissues, but the pathogenesis of its nephrotoxicity has not been elucidated. In this study, we assessed the involvement of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in PK-15 cells cultured at different concentrations of T-2 toxin. Cell viability, antioxidant capacity, intracellular calcium (Ca2+) content, apoptotic rate, levels of ER stress, and apoptosis-related proteins were studied. T-2 toxin inhibited cell proliferation; increased the apoptosis rate; and was accompanied by increased cleaved caspase-3 expression, altered intracellular oxidative stress marker levels, and intracellular Ca2+ overloading. The ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) and PERK selective inhibitor GSK2606414 prevented the decrease of cell activity and apoptosis caused by T-2 toxin. The altered expression of glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase-12 proved that ER stress was involved in cell injury triggered by T-2 toxin. T-2 toxin activated the phosphorylation of PERK and the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) and upregulated the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), thereby triggering ER stress via the GRP78/PERK/CHOP signaling pathway. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the nephrotoxicity of T-2 toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Ze Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Xianglin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Xiaona Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Qing He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Sha Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Mengke Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Jine Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Lixin Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Rongfang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha City 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Food-Origin Mycotoxin-Induced Neurotoxicity: Intend to Break the Rules of Neuroglia Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9967334. [PMID: 34621467 PMCID: PMC8492254 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9967334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are key risk factors in human food and animal feed. Most of food-origin mycotoxins could easily enter the organism and evoke systemic toxic effects, such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA). For the last decade, the researches have provided much evidences in vivo and in vitro that the brain is an important target organ on mycotoxin-mediated neurotoxic phenomenon and neurodegenerative diseases. As is known to all, glial cells are the best regulator and defender of neurons, and a few evaluations about the effects of mycotoxins on glial cells such as astrocytes or microglia have been conducted. The fact that mycotoxin contamination may be a key factor in neurotoxicity and glial dysfunction is exactly the reason why we reviewed the activation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function changes of glial cells under mycotoxin infection and summarized the mycotoxin-mediated glial cell proliferation disorders, death pathways, and inflammatory responses. The purpose of this paper is to analyze various pathways in which common food-derived mycotoxins can induce glial toxicity and provide a novel perspective for future research on the neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
6
|
Takashima K, Nakajima K, Shimizu S, Ojiro R, Tang Q, Okano H, Takahashi Y, Ozawa S, Jin M, Yoshinari T, Yoshida T, Sugita-Konishi Y, Shibutani M. Disruption of postnatal neurogenesis and adult-stage suppression of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus after developmental exposure to sterigmatocystin in rats. Toxicol Lett 2021; 349:69-83. [PMID: 34126181 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to sterigmatocystin (STC) raises concerns on developmental neurological disorders. The present study investigated the effects of maternal oral STC exposure on postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis of offspring in rats. Dams were exposed to STC (1.7, 5.0, and 15.0 ppm in diet) from gestational day 6 until day 21 post-delivery (weaning), and offspring were maintained without STC exposure until adulthood on postnatal day (PND) 77, in accordance with OECD chemical testing guideline Test No. 426. On PND 21, 15.0-ppm STC decreased type-3 neural progenitor cell numbers in the subgranular zone (SGZ) due to suppressed proliferation. Increased γ-H2AX-immunoreactive (+) cell numbers in the SGZ and Ercc1 upregulation and Brip1 downregulation in the dentate gyrus suggested induction of DNA double-strand breaks in SGZ cells. Upregulation of Apex1 and Ogg1 and downregulation of antioxidant genes downstream of NRF2-Keap1 signaling suggested induction of oxidative DNA damage. Increased p21WAF1/CIP1+ SGZ cell numbers and suppressed cholinergic signaling through CHRNB2-containing receptors in GABAergic interneurons suggested potential neurogenesis suppression mechanisms. Multiple mechanisms involving N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated glutamatergic signaling and various GABAergic interneuron subpopulations, including CHRNA7-expressing somatostatin+ interneurons activated by BDNF-TrkB signaling, may be involved in ameliorating the neurogenesis. Upregulation of Arc, Ptgs2, and genes encoding NMDA receptors and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors suggested synaptic plasticity facilitation. On PND 77, ARC+ granule cells decreased, and Nos2 was upregulated following 15.0 ppm STC exposure, suggesting oxidative stress-mediated synaptic plasticity suppression. Inverse pattern in gene expression changes in vesicular glutamate transporter isoforms, Slc17a7 and Slc17a6, from weaning might also be responsible for the synaptic plasticity suppression. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of maternal oral STC exposure for offspring neurogenesis was determined to be 5.0 ppm, translating to 0.34-0.85 mg/kg body weight/day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Takashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Kota Nakajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Saori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Ryota Ojiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Qian Tang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Okano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Ozawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Meilan Jin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Tomoya Yoshinari
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nam SM, Choi SH, Cho HJ, Seo JS, Choi M, Nahm SS, Chang BJ, Nah SY. Ginseng Gintonin Attenuates Lead-Induced Rat Cerebellar Impairments during Gestation and Lactation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030385. [PMID: 32131481 PMCID: PMC7175158 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gintonin, a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand, improves brain functions and protects neurons from oxidative stress. However, little is known about the effects of gintonin against Pb-induced brain maldevelopment. We investigated the protective effects of gintonin on the developing cerebellum after prenatal and postnatal Pb exposure. Pregnant female rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, Pb (0.3% Pb acetate in drinking water), and Pb plus gintonin (100 mg/kg, p.o.). Blood Pb was increased in dams and pups; gintonin treatment significantly decreased blood Pb. On postnatal day 21, the number of degenerating Purkinje cells was remarkably increased while the number of calbindin-, GAD67-, NMDAR1-, LPAR1-immunoreactive intact Purkinje cells, and GABA transporter 1-immunoreactive pinceau structures were significantly reduced in Pb-exposed offspring. Following Pb exposure, gintonin ameliorated cerebellar degenerative effects, restored increased pro-apoptotic Bax, and decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl2. Gintonin treatment attenuated Pb-induced accumulation of oxidative stress (Nrf2 and Mn-SOD) and inflammation (IL-1β and TNFα,), restoring the decreased cerebellar BDNF and Sirt1. Gintonin ameliorated Pb-induced impairment of myelin basic protein-immunoreactive myelinated fibers of Purkinje cells. Gintonin attenuated Pb-induced locomotor dysfunctions. The present study revealed the ameliorating effects of gintonin against Pb, suggesting the potential use of gintonin as a preventive agent in Pb poisoning during pregnancy and lactation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Hee-Jung Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Jin Seok Seo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Minsuk Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Sang-Soep Nahm
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Byung-Joon Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (H.-J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-4154
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nakajima K, Ito Y, Kikuchi S, Okano H, Takashima K, Woo GH, Yoshida T, Yoshinari T, Sugita-Konishi Y, Shibutani M. Developmental exposure to diacetoxyscirpenol reversibly disrupts hippocampal neurogenesis by inducing oxidative cellular injury and suppressed differentiation of granule cell lineages in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111046. [PMID: 31836554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the developmental exposure effect of diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) on postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis, pregnant ICR mice were provided a diet containing DAS at 0, 0.6, 2.0, or 6.0 ppm from gestational day 6 to day 21 on weaning after delivery. Offspring were maintained through postnatal day (PND) 77 without DAS exposure. On PND 21, neural stem cells (NSCs) and all subpopulations of proliferating progenitor cells were suggested to decrease in number in the subgranular zone (SGZ) at ≥ 2.0 ppm. At 6.0 ppm, increases of SGZ cells showing TUNEL+, metallothionein-I/II+, γ-H2AX+ or malondialdehyde+, and transcript downregulation of Ogg1, Parp1 and Kit without changing the level of double-stranded DNA break-related genes were observed in the dentate gyrus. This suggested induction of oxidative DNA damage of NSCs and early-stage progenitor cells, which led to their apoptosis. Cdkn2a, Rb1 and Trp53 downregulated transcripts, which suggested an increased vulnerability to DNA damage. Hilar PVALB+ GABAergic interneurons decreased and Grin2a and Chrna7 were downregulated, which suggested suppression of type-2-progenitor cell differentiation. On PND 77, hilar RELN+ interneurons increased at ≥ 2.0 ppm; at 6.0 ppm, RELN-related Itsn1 transcripts were upregulated and ARC+ granule cells decreased. Increased RELN signals may ameliorate the response to the decreases of NSCs and ARC-mediated synaptic plasticity. These results suggest that DAS reversibly disrupts hippocampal neurogenesis by inducing oxidative cellular injury and suppressed differentiation of granule cell lineages. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of DAS for offspring neurogenesis was determined to be 0.6 ppm (0.09-0.29 mg/kg body weight/day).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Nakajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuko Ito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satomi Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiromu Okano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazumi Takashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Gye-Hyeong Woo
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, 65 Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, Chungbuk, 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yoshinari
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi
- Laboratory of Food Safety Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fusarium Mycotoxins Disrupt the Barrier and Induce IL-6 Release in a Human Placental Epithelium Cell Line. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110665. [PMID: 31739567 PMCID: PMC6891427 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone, major Fusarium mycotoxins, contaminate human food on a global level. Exposure to these mycotoxins during pregnancy can lead to abnormalities in neonatal development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on human placental epithelial cells. As an in vitro model of placental barrier, BeWo cells were exposed to different concentrations of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone or T-2 toxin. Cytotoxicity, effects on barrier integrity, paracellular permeability along with mRNA and protein expression and localization of junctional proteins after exposure were evaluated. Induction of proinflammatory responses was determined by measuring cytokine production. Increasing mycotoxin concentrations affect BeWo cell viability, and T-2 toxin was more toxic compared to other mycotoxins. Deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin caused significant barrier disruption, altered protein and mRNA expression of junctional proteins, and induced irregular cellular distribution. Although the effects of zearalenone on barrier integrity were less prominent, all tested mycotoxins were able to induce inflammation as measured by IL-6 release. Overall, Fusarium mycotoxins disrupt the barrier of BeWo cells by altering the expression and structure of junctional proteins and trigger proinflammatory responses. These changes in placental barrier may disturb the maternal–fetal interaction and adversely affect fetal development.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tanaka T, Masubuchi Y, Okada R, Nakajima K, Nakamura K, Masuda S, Nakahara J, Maronpot RR, Yoshida T, Koyanagi M, Hayashi SM, Shibutani M. Ameliorating effect of postweaning exposure to antioxidant on disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis induced by developmental hypothyroidism in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:357-372. [PMID: 31068541 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Developmental hypothyroidism as a model of autism spectrum disorders disrupts hippocampal neurogenesis through the adult stage. The present study investigated the ameliorating effect of postweaning exposure to antioxidant on the hypothyroidism-induced disruptive neurogenesis. Mated female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 0 or 10 ppm 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) as an anti-thyroid agent in drinking water from gestational day 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21 on weaning. PTU-exposed male offspring were fed either basal diet, diet containing α-glycosyl isoquercitrin (AGIQ) at 5,000 ppm or α-lipoic acid (ALA) at 1,000 ppm as an antioxidant from PND 21 to PND 77. PTU-exposure decreased DCX+ and NeuN+ granule cell lineage subpopulations, synaptic plasticity-related FOS+ granule cells, and hilar PVALB+ and GAD67+ GABAergic interneurons, increased hilar SST+ and CALB2+ interneurons, and upregulated Gria3, Otx2, and antioxidant enzyme genes in the dentate gyrus on PND 77. These results suggest disruption of neurogenesis remained in relation with increase of oxidative stress and compensatory responses to the disruption at the adult stage. AGIQ recovered expression of some antioxidant enzyme genes and was effective for restoration of NeuN+ postmitotic granule cells and PVALB+ and SST+ interneurons. In contrast, ALA was effective for restoration of all interneuron subpopulations, as well as postmitotic granule cells, and upregulated Grin2a that may play a role for the restoration. Both antioxidants recovered expression of Otx2 and AGIQ-alone recovered Gria3, suggesting a reversal of disruptive neurogenesis by compensatory responses. Thus, postweaning antioxidant exposure may be effective for ameliorating developmental hypothyroidism-induced disruptive neurogenesis by restoring the function of regulatory system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Yasunori Masubuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Rena Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Kota Nakajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Kazuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Sosuke Masuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Junta Nakahara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | | | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Mihoko Koyanagi
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc
| | - Shim-Mo Hayashi
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim W, Hahn KR, Jung HY, Kwon HJ, Nam SM, Kim JW, Park JH, Yoo DY, Kim DW, Won MH, Yoon YS, Hwang IK. Melatonin ameliorates cuprizone-induced reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein in the mouse dentate gyrus. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01388. [PMID: 31429533 PMCID: PMC6749490 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cuprizone on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in naïve mice. Additionally, we also studied how melatonin affects the neuronal degeneration induced by cuprizone. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: (a) the control group, (b) the group treated with cuprizone only, and (c) the group treated with both cuprizone and melatonin. Cuprizone was administered with food at 0.2% ad libitum for 6 weeks. Melatonin was also administered with tap water at 6 g/L ad libitum for 6 weeks; the animals were then euthanized for immunohistochemistry with Ki67, doublecortin (DCX), glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), and phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) response element binding (pCREB); double immunofluorescence of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and myelin basic protein (MBP); and Western blot analysis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression to reveal the effects of cuprizone and melatonin on cell damage and hippocampal neurogenesis. RESULTS Administration of cuprizone significantly decreased the number of differentiating (DCX-positive) neuroblasts and proliferating (Ki67-positive) cells in the dentate gyrus. Moreover, cuprizone administration decreased glucose utilization (GLUT3-positive cells) and cell transcription (pCREB-positive cells and BDNF protein expression) in the dentate gyrus. Administration of melatonin ameliorated the cuprizone-induced reduction of differentiating neuroblasts and proliferating cells, glucose utilization, and cell transcription. CONCLUSION The results of the study suggest that cuprizone treatment disrupts hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus by reducing BDNF levels and decreasing the phosphorylation of CREB. These effects were ameliorated by melatonin treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Whi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu M, Xu M, Wang M, Wang S, Li K, Cheng X, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhu X, Zhao S. Maternal exposure to swainsonine impaired the early postnatal development of mouse dentate gyrus of offspring. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104511. [PMID: 31348968 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) plays a key role in the normal of structure and function of the hippocampus-learning and memory. After eating the locoweeds, animals develop a chronic neurological disease called "locoism". Swainsonine (SW) is the main toxin in locoweeds. Studies have shown that SW induces neuronal apoptosis in vitro and impairs learning and memory in adult mouse. The present study explored effects of SW exposure to dams on the postnatal neurogenesis of DG of offspring. Pregnant ICR mice were orally gavaged with SW at a dose of 0, 5.6 or 8.4 mg/kg/day from gestation day 10 to postnatal day (PND) 21, respectively. We found that SW impaired the proliferation capacity of neural progenitor cells in the DG so that the number of newborn cells was reduced at PND 8. Using the postnatal in vivo electroporation, we showed that the dendritic branching and total length of granule cells were significantly decreased due to SW exposure. In addition, on PND 21, the density of NeuN-positive and Reelin-positive interneurons increased in the hilus, implying the disorder of neuronal migration. These results suggest that maternal exposure to SW, the neurogenesis of DG on offspring was disrupted, finally leading to the functional disorder of DG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Mingrui Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Mengli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Shuzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Kaikai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xinran Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yongji Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen Research Institute of Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu A, Sun Y, Wang X, Ihsan A, Tao Y, Chen D, Peng D, Wu Q, Wang X, Yuan Z. DNA methylation is involved in pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in T-2 toxin-induced liver injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110661. [PMID: 31279042 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, T-2 toxin has been reported to cause liver toxicity with the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation; however, the underlying mechanism of T-2 toxin-induced liver injury is not fully understood. Increasing lines of evidence show that DNA methylation affects the expression of inflammatory cytokine, and plays a crucial role in autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, the potential role of DNA methylation in the hepatotoxicity of T-2 toxin has not been explored. In this study, female Wistar rats were given a single dose of T-2 toxin at 2 mg/kg b.w. and were sacrificed at 1, 3 and 7 days post-exposure. In vitro, a normal rat liver cell line (BRL) was exposed to different concentrations of T-2 toxin. Histopathological analysis was used to investigate damage to the liver, which was detected at the molecular level by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical assays, methylation-specific PCR (MSP), bisulfite sequencing (BSP), and flow cytometry. The results showed that T-2 toxin significantly increased the levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A), which were mainly concentrated at the site of liver injury. The 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) level of genomic DNA was also raised in T-2 toxin-treated rat livers. The expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-11, IL-1α, and TNF-α) increased both in vivo and in vitro under T-2 toxin treatment. Notably, DNA demethylation directly increased the expression of cytokines IL-11, IL-6, IL-α, and TNF-α under T-2 toxin exposure. DNA methylation inhibitors combined with T-2 toxin directly or indirectly induced the production of inflammatory cytokines and aggravate cell apoptosis. Our study uncovered for the first time that DNA methylation is related to the expression of inflammatory cytokines in T-2 toxin-induced liver injury. These findings suggested that DNA methylation is a potential mechanism of T-2 toxin-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yaqi Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Yanfei Tao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Peng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Zheng M, Sun N, Yang X, Gao Y. Progress in Research on Brain Development and Function of Mice During Weaning. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:705-712. [PMID: 30678620 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190125095819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lactation is a critical phase for brain function development. New dietary experiences of mouse caused by weaning can regulate brain development and function, increase their response to food and environment, and eventually give rise to corresponding behavioral changes. Changes in weaning time induce the alteration of brain tissues morphology and molecular characteristics, glial cell activity and behaviors in the offspring. In addition, it is also sensitive to the intervention of environment and drugs during this period. That is to say, the study focused on brain development and function based on mouse weaning is critical to demonstrate the underlying pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases and find new drug targets. This article mainly focuses on the developmental differentiation of the brain during lactation, especially during weaning in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Operating Theatre, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yuanjia Zheng
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxuan Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nannan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Gao
- College of PIWEI institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Developmental Exposure of Mice to T-2 Toxin Increases Astrocytes and Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells Expressing Metallothionein. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:668-683. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
16
|
Nakajima K, Masubuchi Y, Ito Y, Inohana M, Takino M, Saegusa Y, Yoshida T, Sugita-Konishi Y, Shibutani M. Developmental exposure of citreoviridin transiently affects hippocampal neurogenesis targeting multiple regulatory functions in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:590-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
17
|
Inohana M, Eguchi A, Nakamura M, Nagahara R, Onda N, Nakajima K, Saegusa Y, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Developmental Exposure to Aluminum Chloride Irreversibly Affects Postnatal Hippocampal Neurogenesis Involving Multiple Functions in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:264-277. [PMID: 29635646 PMCID: PMC6016705 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is neurotoxic to adults and also to infants. In this study, we investigated the developmental exposure effect of AlCl3 on postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis. Pregnant mice were administered 0-, 900-, or 1800-ppm AlCl3 via drinking water from gestational day 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21, with their offspring examined on PND 21 and PND 77. On PND 21, GFAP-immunoreactive (+) neural stem cells (NSCs) and p21Cip1/Waf1+ cells were decreased in number in the subgranular zone at 900 and ≥900 ppm, respectively. Pcna transcript level examined at 1800 ppm was decreased in the dentate gyrus. These results suggest induction of compromised cell quiescence that caused impaired self-renewal capacity of NSCs accompanying slowing down of cell cycling, which ultimately resulted in exhaustion of the NSC pool. At 1800 ppm, Reelin+ hilar GABAergic interneurons were also decreased, suggesting a contribution to the NSC reduction. At this dose, TBR2+ or DCX+ progenitor and immature granule cells and PVALB+ interneurons were increased. Moreover, COX-2+ granule cells were increased at ≥900 ppm. These results suggest facilitation of transient progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation during exposure. Moreover, TUNEL+ or Morin-stained granule cells were increased, together with Casp12 transcript upregulation, suggesting induction of Al accumulation-related endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated granule cell apoptosis. Transcript expression changes on cholinergic and glutamatergic signals and synaptic plasticity suggested contribution to disruptive neurogenesis. The NSC-targeting effects sustained through the adult stage despite no sustained Al-accumulation. These results suggest that developmental AlCl3-exposure irreversibly affects postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis involving multiple functions in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Inohana
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ayumi Eguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Misato Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Rei Nagahara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Onda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kota Nakajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yukie Saegusa
- Environment Health and Safety Division, Environment Directorate, OECD, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qin W, Chen S, Yang S, Xu Q, Xu C, Cai J. The Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Aging Dis 2017; 8:792-811. [PMID: 29344417 PMCID: PMC5758352 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are special types of cells with the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. NSCs are regulated by multiple pathways and pathway related transcription factors during the process of proliferation and differentiation. Numerous studies have shown that the compound medicinal preparations, single herbs, and herb extracts in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have specific roles in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In this study, we investigate the markers of NSCs in various stages of differentiation, the related pathways regulating the proliferation and differentiation, and the corresponding transcription factors in the pathways. We also review the influence of TCM on NSC proliferation and differentiation, to facilitate the development of TCM in neural regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shiya Chen
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qian Xu
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- 3School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Cai
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Knutsen HK, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald I, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Dall'Asta C, Gutleb A, Metzler M, Oswald I, Parent-Massin D, Binaglia M, Steinkellner H, Alexander J. Appropriateness to set a group health based guidance value for T2 and HT2 toxin and its modified forms. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04655. [PMID: 32625252 PMCID: PMC7010130 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for T2 and HT2 of 0.02 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day based on a new in vivo subchronic toxicity study in rats that confirmed that immune- and haematotoxicity are the critical effects of T2 and using a reduction in total leucocyte count as the critical endpoint. An acute reference dose (ARfD) of 0.3 μg for T2 and HT2/kg bw was established based on acute emetic events in mink. Modified forms of T2 and HT2 identified are phase I metabolites mainly formed through hydrolytic cleavage of one or more of the three ester groups of T2. Less prominent hydroxylation reactions occur predominantly at the side chain. Phase II metabolism involves conjugation with glucose, modified glucose, sulfate, feruloyl and acetyl groups. The few data on occurrence of modified forms indicate that grain products are their main source. The CONTAM Panel found it appropriate to establish a group TDI and a group ARfD for T2 and HT2 and its modified forms. Potency factors relative to T2 for the modified forms were used to account for differences in acute and chronic toxic potencies. It was assumed that conjugates (phase II metabolites of T2, HT2 and their phase I metabolites), which are not toxic per se, would be cleaved releasing their aglycones. These metabolites were assigned the relative potency factors (RPFs) of their respective aglycones. The RPFs assigned to the modified forms were all either 1 or less than 1. The uncertainties associated with the present assessment are considered as high. Using the established group, ARfD and TDI would overestimate any risk of modified T2 and HT2.
Collapse
|
20
|
Tanaka T, Hasegawa-Baba Y, Watanabe Y, Mizukami S, Kangawa Y, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Maternal exposure to ochratoxin A targets intermediate progenitor cells of hippocampal neurogenesis in rat offspring via cholinergic signal downregulation and oxidative stress responses. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:113-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
21
|
Zhang Y, Han J, Zhu CC, Tang F, Cui XS, Kim NH, Sun SC. Exposure to HT-2 toxin causes oxidative stress induced apoptosis/autophagy in porcine oocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33904. [PMID: 27658477 PMCID: PMC5034267 DOI: 10.1038/srep33904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a main type A trichothecene mycotoxin which is the most toxic trichothecence. T-2 toxin has posed various toxic effects on human and animals in vigorous cell proliferation tissues like lymphoid, hematopoietic and gastrointestinal tissues, while HT-2 toxin is the major metabolite which is deacetylated by T-2 toxin. In this study, we focused on the toxic effects of HT-2 on porcine oocyte maturation. We treated the porcine oocyte with HT-2 toxin in vitro, and we first found that HT-2 treatment inhibited porcine oocyte polar body extrusion and cumulus cell expansion. We observed the disrupted meiotic spindle morphology after treatment, which might be due to the reduced p-MAPK protein level. Actin distribution was also disturbed, indicating that HT-2 affects cytoskeleton of porcine oocytes. We next explored the causes for the failure of oocyte maturation after HT-2 treatment. We found that HT-2 treated oocytes showed the increased ROS level, which indicated that oxidative stress had occurred. We also detected autophagy as well as early apoptosis in the treatment oocytes. Due to the fact that oxidative stress could induced apoptosis, our results indicated that HT-2 toxin caused oxidative stress induced apoptosis and autophagy, which further affected porcine oocyte maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|