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Algharably EA, Di Consiglio E, Testai E, Pistollato F, Mielke H, Gundert-Remy U. In Vitro- In Vivo Extrapolation by Physiologically Based Kinetic Modeling: Experience With Three Case Studies and Lessons Learned. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:885843. [PMID: 35924078 PMCID: PMC9340473 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.885843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modeling has been increasingly used since the beginning of the 21st century to support dose selection to be used in preclinical and clinical safety studies in the pharmaceutical sector. For chemical safety assessment, the use of PBK has also found interest, however, to a smaller extent, although an internationally agreed document was published already in 2010 (IPCS/WHO), but at that time, PBK modeling was based mostly on in vivo data as the example in the IPCS/WHO document indicates. Recently, the OECD has published a guidance document which set standards on how to characterize, validate, and report PBK models for regulatory purposes. In the past few years, we gained experience on using in vitro data for performing quantitative in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE), in which biokinetic data play a crucial role to obtain a realistic estimation of human exposure. In addition, pharmaco-/toxicodynamic aspects have been introduced into the approach. Here, three examples with different drugs/chemicals are described, in which different approaches have been applied. The lessons we learned from the exercise are as follows: 1) in vitro conditions should be considered and compared to the in vivo situation, particularly for protein binding; 2) in vitro inhibition of metabolizing enzymes by the formed metabolites should be taken into consideration; and 3) it is important to extrapolate from the in vitro measured intracellular concentration and not from the nominal concentration to the tissue/organ concentration to come up with an appropriate QIVIVE for the relevant adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engi Abdelhady Algharably
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emma Di Consiglio
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Hans Mielke
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Gundert-Remy
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany.,Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Huchthausen J, Henneberger L, Mälzer S, Nicol B, Sparham C, Escher BI. High-Throughput Assessment of the Abiotic Stability of Test Chemicals in In Vitro Bioassays. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:867-879. [PMID: 35394761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stability of chemicals is not routinely tested prior to performing in vitro bioassays, although abiotic degradation can reduce the concentration of test chemicals leading to the formation of active or inactive transformation products, which may lead to misinterpretation of bioassay results. A high-throughput workflow was developed to measure the abiotic stability of 22 test chemicals in protein-rich aqueous media under typical bioassay conditions at 37 °C for 48 h. These test chemicals were degradable in the environment according to a literature review. The chemicals were extracted from the exposure media at different time points using a novel 96-pin solid-phase microextraction. The conditions were varied to differentiate between various reaction mechanisms. For most hydrolyzable chemicals, pH-dependent degradation in phosphate-buffered saline indicated that acid-catalyzed hydrolysis was less important than reactions with hydroxide ions. Reactions with proteins were mainly responsible for the depletion of the test chemicals in the media, which was simulated by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and glutathione (GSH). 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone, and l-sulforaphane reacted almost instantaneously with GSH but not with BSA, indicating that GSH is a good proxy for reactivity with electrophilic amino acids but may overestimate the actual reaction with three-dimensional proteins. Chemicals such as hydroquinones or polyunsaturated chemicals are prone to autoxidation, but this reaction is difficult to differentiate from hydrolysis and could not be simulated by the oxidant N-bromosuccinimide. Photodegradation played a minor role because cells are exposed in incubators in the dark and simulations with high light intensities did not yield realistic degradation. Stability predictions from various in silico prediction models for environmental conditions can give initial indications of the stability but were not always consistent with the experimental stability in bioassays. As the presented workflow can be performed in high throughput under realistic bioassay conditions, it can be used to provide an experimental database for developing bioassay-specific stability prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Huchthausen
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research─UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luise Henneberger
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research─UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sophia Mälzer
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research─UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate Nicol
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - Chris Sparham
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research─UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, DE-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Zhu Q, Jia Y, Guo J, Meng X, Chong L, Xu L, Zhou L, Sun Z. Establishment of an in vitro method of rabbit embryo toxicity with toxicokinetics study. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:380-391. [PMID: 34322893 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This report introduces a novel method, rabbit whole embryo culture (WEC) combined with toxicokinetics (TK), for toxicity testing. Rodent WEC has been extensively used for in vitro screening of developmental toxicity. To improve the reliability of in vitro data, it is important to consider TK and species specificity. To test the utility and effectiveness of this method, we investigated the toxic effect of thalidomide on rabbit embryos and its behavior in test systems both in vitro and in vivo under the same experimental condition. The data showed that thalidomide induced embryo malformations such as embryonic brain hypoplasia, short limb buds, and declined embryonic growth both in vitro and in vivo. The toxic effect increased with the increasing exposure of the embryo to thalidomide. In addition, we observed similar toxic effects and exposure-effect relationships in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, we preliminarily conclude that this new method can effectively predict and explain thalidomide toxicity. Furthermore, we investigated the behavior of test compounds in the WEC system for the first time, and this method is expected to be an important technique for in vitro toxicity study after extensive verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Jia
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Guo
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Chong
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhou
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuyue Sun
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Luo YS, Ferguson KC, Rusyn I, Chiu WA. In Vitro Bioavailability of the Hydrocarbon Fractions of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Extracts of Petroleum Substances. Toxicol Sci 2021; 174:168-177. [PMID: 32040194 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the in vitro bioavailable concentration is a critical, yet unmet need to refine in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation for unknown or variable composition, complex reaction product or biological material (UVCB) substances. UVCBs such as petroleum substances are commonly subjected to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction in order to retrieve the bioactive polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) portion for in vitro testing. In addition to DMSO extraction, protein binding in cell culture media and dilution can all influence in vitro bioavailable concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic compounds in petroleum substances. However, these in vitro factors have not been fully characterized. In this study, we aimed to fill in these data gaps by characterizing the effects of these processes using both a defined mixture of analytical standards containing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as 4 refined petroleum products as prototypical examples of UVCBs. Each substance was extracted with DMSO, and the protein binding in cell culture media was measured by using solid-phase microextraction. Semiquantitative analysis for aliphatic and aromatic compounds was achieved via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results showed that DMSO selectively extracted PACs from test substances, and that chemical profiles of PACs across molecular classes remained consistent after extraction. With respect to protein binding, chemical profiles were retained at a lower dilution (higher concentration), but a greater dilution factor (ie, lower concentration) resulted in higher protein binding in cell medium, which in turn altered the ultimate chemical profile of bioavailable PACs. Overall, this case study demonstrates that extraction procedures, protein binding in cell culture media, and dilution factors prior to in vitro testing can all contribute to determining the final bioavailable concentrations of bioactive constituents of UVCBs in vitro. Thus, in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation for UVCBs may require greater attention to the concentration-dependent and compound-specific differences in recovery and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Syuan Luo
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Kyle C Ferguson
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
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5
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Henneberger L, Huchthausen J, Wojtysiak N, Escher BI. Quantitative In Vitro-to- In Vivo Extrapolation: Nominal versus Freely Dissolved Concentration. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1175-1182. [PMID: 33759508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Discussions are ongoing on which dose metric should be used for quantitative in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) of in vitro bioassay data. The nominal concentration of the test chemicals is most commonly used and easily accessible, while the concentration freely dissolved in the assay medium is considered to better reflect the bioavailable concentration but is tedious to measure. The aim of this study was to elucidate how much QIVIVE results will differ when using either nominal or freely dissolved concentrations. QIVIVEnom and QIVIVEfree ratios, that is, the ratios of plasma concentrations divided by in vitro effect concentrations, were calculated for 10 pharmaceuticals using previously published nominal and freely dissolved effect concentrations for the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the activation of oxidative stress response. The QIVIVEnom ratios were higher than QIVIVEfree ratios by up to a factor of 60. The risk of in vivo effects was classified as being high or low for four chemicals using the QIVIVEnom and for three chemicals using QIVIVEfree ratios. Unambiguous classification was possible for nine chemicals by combining the QIVIVEnom or QIVIVEfree ratios with the respective specificity ratios (SRnom or SRfree) of the in vitro effect data, which helps to identify whether the specific effect was influenced by cytotoxicity. QIVIVEfree models should be preferred as they account for differences in bioavailability between in vitro and in vivo, but QIVIVEnom may still be useful for screening the effects of large numbers of chemicals because it is generally more conservative. The use of SR of the in vitro effect data as a second classification factor is recommended for QIVIVEnom and QIVIVEfree models because a clearer picture can be obtained with respect to the likelihood that a biological effect will occur and that it is not caused by nonspecific cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Henneberger
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Huchthausen
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Niklas Wojtysiak
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Di Consiglio E, Pistollato F, Mendoza-De Gyves E, Bal-Price A, Testai E. Integrating biokinetics and in vitro studies to evaluate developmental neurotoxicity induced by chlorpyrifos in human iPSC-derived neural stem cells undergoing differentiation towards neuronal and glial cells. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:174-188. [PMID: 33011216 PMCID: PMC7772889 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human iPSC-derived NSCs undergoing differentiation possess some metabolic competence. CPF entered the cells and was biotrasformed into its two main metabolites (CPFO and TCP). After repeated exposure, very limited bioaccumulation of CPF was observed. Treatment with CPF decreased neurite outgrowth, synapse number and electrical activity. Treatment with CPF increased BDNF levels and the percentage of astrocytes.
For some complex toxicological endpoints, chemical safety assessment has conventionally relied on animal testing. Apart from the ethical issues, also scientific considerations have been raised concerning the traditional approach, highlighting the importance for considering real life exposure scenario. Implementation of flexible testing strategies, integrating multiple sources of information, including in vitro reliable test methods and in vitro biokinetics, would enhance the relevance of the obtained results. Such an approach could be pivotal in the evaluation of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT), especially when applied to human cell-based models, mimicking key neurodevelopmental processes, relevant to human brain development. Here, we integrated the kinetic behaviour with the toxicodynamic alterations of chlorpyrifos (CPF), such as in vitro endpoints specific for DNT evaluation, after repeated exposure during differentiation of human neural stem cells into a mixed culture of neurons and astrocytes. The upregulation of some cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase genes during neuronal differentiation and the formation of the two major CPF metabolites (due to bioactivation and detoxification) supported the metabolic competence of the used in vitro model. The alterations in the number of synapses, neurite outgrowth, brain derived neurotrophic factor, the proportion of neurons and astrocytes, as well as spontaneous electrical activity correlated well with the CPF ability to enter the cells and be bioactivated to CPF-oxon. Overall, our results confirm that combining in vitro biokinetics and assays to evaluate effects on neurodevelopmental endpoints in human cells should be regarded as a key strategy for a quantitative characterization of DNT effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Di Consiglio
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Rome, Italy
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7
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Laue H, Hostettler L, Badertscher RP, Jenner KJ, Sanders G, Arnot JA, Natsch A. Examining Uncertainty in In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation Applied in Fish Bioconcentration Models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9483-9494. [PMID: 32633948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro biotransformation rates were determined for 30 chemicals, mostly fragrance ingredients, using trout liver S9 fractions (RT-S9) and incorporated into in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) models to predict bioconcentration factors (BCFs). Predicted BCFs were compared against empirical BCFs to explore potential major uncertainties involved in the in vitro methods and IVIVE models: (i) in vitro chemical test concentrations; (ii) different gill uptake rate constant calculations (k1); (iii) protein binding (different calculations and measurement of the fraction of unbound chemical, fU); (iv) species differences; and (v) extrahepatic biotransformation. Predicted BCFs were within 0.5 log units for 44% of the chemicals compared to empirical BCFs, whereas 56% were overpredicted by >0.5 log units. This trend of overprediction was reduced by alternative k1 calculations to 32% of chemicals being overpredicted. Moreover, hepatic in vitro rates scaled to whole body biotransformation rates (kB) were compared against in vivo kB estimates. In vivo kB was underestimated for 79% of the chemicals. Neither lowering the test concentration, nor incorporation of new measured fU values, nor species matching avoided the tendency to overpredict BCFs indicating that further improvements to the IVIVE models are needed or extrahepatic biotransformation plays an underestimated role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Laue
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Fragrances S&T, 8310 Kemptthal, Switzerland
| | - Lu Hostettler
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Fragrances S&T, 8310 Kemptthal, Switzerland
| | | | - Karen J Jenner
- Givaudan UK Ltd, Regulatory Affairs and Product Safety, Ashford, Kent TN24 OLT, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Sanders
- Givaudan International SA, Regulatory Affairs and Product Safety, 1214 Vernier, Switzerland
| | - Jon A Arnot
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Toronto, Ontario M4M 1W4, Canada
| | - Andreas Natsch
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Fragrances S&T, 8310 Kemptthal, Switzerland
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8
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Henneberger L, Mühlenbrink M, König M, Schlichting R, Fischer FC, Escher BI. Quantification of freely dissolved effect concentrations in in vitro cell-based bioassays. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2295-2305. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Groothuis FA, Timmer N, Opsahl E, Nicol B, Droge STJ, Blaauboer BJ, Kramer NI. Influence of in Vitro Assay Setup on the Apparent Cytotoxic Potency of Benzalkonium Chlorides. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1103-1114. [PMID: 31012305 PMCID: PMC6584903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The nominal concentration
is generally used to express concentration–effect
relationships in in vitro toxicity assays. However, the nominal concentration
does not necessarily represent the exposure concentration responsible
for the observed effect. Surfactants accumulate at interphases and
likely sorb to in vitro system components such as serum protein and
well plate plastic. The extent of sorption and the consequences of
this sorption on in vitro readouts is largely unknown for these chemicals.
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of sorption to
in vitro components on the observed cytotoxic potency of benzalkonium
chlorides (BAC) varying in alkyl chain length (6–18 carbon
atoms, C6–18) in a basal cytotoxicity assay with
the rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1). Cells were exposed for
48 h in 96-well plates to increasing concentration of BACs in exposure
medium containing 0, 60 μM bovine serum albumin (BSA) or 10%
fetal bovine serum (FBS). Before and after exposure, BAC concentrations
in exposure medium were analytically determined. Based on freely dissolved
concentrations at the end of the exposure, median effect concentrations
(EC50) decreased with increasing alkyl chain length up
to 14 carbons. For BAC with alkyl chains of 12 or more carbons, EC50’s based on measured concentrations after exposure
in supplement-free medium were up to 25-times lower than EC50’s calculated using nominal concentrations. When BSA or FBS
was added to the medium, a decrease in cytotoxic potency of up to
22 times was observed for BAC with alkyl chains of eight or more carbons.
The results of this study emphasize the importance of expressing the
in vitro readouts as a function of a dose metric that is least influenced
by assay setup to compare assay sensitivities and chemical potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris A Groothuis
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Niels Timmer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Eystein Opsahl
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Beate Nicol
- Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre , Unilever U.K. , Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1LQ , United Kingdom
| | - Steven T J Droge
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Bas J Blaauboer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Nynke I Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
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11
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Rietjens IMCM, Ning J, Chen L, Wesseling S, Strikwold M, Louisse J. Selecting the dose metric in reverse dosimetry based QIVIVE. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1467-1469. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Algharably EAH, Kreutz R, Gundert-Remy U. Importance of in vitro conditions for modeling the in vivo dose in humans by in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE). Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:615-621. [PMID: 30604139 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In vitro studies are increasingly proposed to replace in vivo toxicity testing of substances. We set out to apply physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to predict the in vivo dose of amiodarone that leads to the same concentration-time profile in the supernatant and the cell lysate of cultured primary human hepatic cells (PHH). A PBPK human model was constructed based on the structure and tissue distribution of amiodarone in a rat model and using physiological human parameters. The predicted concentration-time profile in plasma was in agreement with human experimental data with the unbound fraction of amiodarone in plasma crucially affecting the goodness-of-fit. Using the validated kinetic model, we subsequently described the in vitro concentration-time data of amiodarone in PHH culture. However, this could be only appropriately modeled under conditions of zero protein binding and the very low clearance of the in vitro system in PHH culture. However, these represent unphysiological conditions and, thus, the main difference between the in vivo and the in vitro systems. Our results reveal that, for meaningful quantitative extrapolation from in vitro to in vivo conditions in PBPK studies, it is essential to avoid non-intended differences between these conditions. Specifically, clearance and protein binding, as demonstrated in our analysis of amiodarone modeling, are important parameters to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engi Abdel Hady Algharably
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Gundert-Remy
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Gouliarmou V, Lostia AM, Coecke S, Bernasconi C, Bessems J, Dorne JL, Ferguson S, Testai E, Remy UG, Brian Houston J, Monshouwer M, Nong A, Pelkonen O, Morath S, Wetmore BA, Worth A, Zanelli U, Zorzoli MC, Whelan M. Establishing a systematic framework to characterise in vitro methods for human hepatic metabolic clearance. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 53:233-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Desorption kinetics of organic chemicals from albumin. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:1065-1074. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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