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Schenberg L, Palou A, Simon F, Bonnard T, Barton CE, Fricker D, Tagliabue M, Llorens J, Beraneck M. Multisensory gaze stabilization in response to subchronic alteration of vestibular type I hair cells. eLife 2023; 12:RP88819. [PMID: 38019267 PMCID: PMC10686621 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional complementarity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and optokinetic reflex (OKR) allows for optimal combined gaze stabilization responses (CGR) in light. While sensory substitution has been reported following complete vestibular loss, the capacity of the central vestibular system to compensate for partial peripheral vestibular loss remains to be determined. Here, we first demonstrate the efficacy of a 6-week subchronic ototoxic protocol in inducing transient and partial vestibular loss which equally affects the canal- and otolith-dependent VORs. Immunostaining of hair cells in the vestibular sensory epithelia revealed that organ-specific alteration of type I, but not type II, hair cells correlates with functional impairments. The decrease in VOR performance is paralleled with an increase in the gain of the OKR occurring in a specific range of frequencies where VOR normally dominates gaze stabilization, compatible with a sensory substitution process. Comparison of unimodal OKR or VOR versus bimodal CGR revealed that visuo-vestibular interactions remain reduced despite a significant recovery in the VOR. Modeling and sweep-based analysis revealed that the differential capacity to optimally combine OKR and VOR correlates with the reproducibility of the VOR responses. Overall, these results shed light on the multisensory reweighting occurring in pathologies with fluctuating peripheral vestibular malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Schenberg
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Aïda Palou
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)l’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - François Simon
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants MaladesParisFrance
| | - Tess Bonnard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Charles-Elliot Barton
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Desdemona Fricker
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Michele Tagliabue
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Jordi Llorens
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)l’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - Mathieu Beraneck
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
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Paplou VG, Schubert NMA, van Tuinen M, Vijayakumar S, Pyott SJ. Functional, Morphological and Molecular Changes Reveal the Mechanisms Associated with Age-Related Vestibular Loss. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1429. [PMID: 37759828 PMCID: PMC10526133 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of vestibular function and hearing are common disorders that arise from the loss of function of the inner ear and significantly decrease quality of life. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood and difficult to investigate in humans. Therefore, our study examined young (1.5-month-old) and old (24-month-old) C57BL/6 mice, utilizing physiological, histological, and transcriptomic methods. Vestibular sensory-evoked potentials revealed that older mice had reduced wave I amplitudes and delayed wave I latencies, indicating reduced vestibular function. Immunofluorescence and image analysis revealed that older mice exhibited a significant decline in type I sensory hair cell density, particularly in hair cells connected to dimorphic vestibular afferents. An analysis of gene expression in the isolated vestibule revealed the upregulation of immune-related genes and the downregulation of genes associated with ossification and nervous system development. A comparison with the isolated cochlear sensorineural structures showed similar changes in genes related to immune response, chondrocyte differentiation, and myelin formation. These findings suggest that age-related vestibular hypofunction is linked to diminished peripheral vestibular responses, likely due to the loss of a specific subpopulation of hair cells and calyceal afferents. The upregulation of immune- and inflammation-related genes implies that inflammation contributes to these functional and structural changes. Furthermore, the comparison of gene expression between the vestibule and cochlea indicates both shared and distinct mechanisms contributing to age-related vestibular and hearing impairments. Further research is necessary to understand the mechanistic connection between inflammation and age-related balance and hearing disorders and to translate these findings into clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Georgia Paplou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (V.G.P.); (N.M.A.S.); (M.v.T.)
| | - Nick M. A. Schubert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (V.G.P.); (N.M.A.S.); (M.v.T.)
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences Research, School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Tuinen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (V.G.P.); (N.M.A.S.); (M.v.T.)
| | - Sarath Vijayakumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA;
| | - Sonja J. Pyott
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (V.G.P.); (N.M.A.S.); (M.v.T.)
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences Research, School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Greguske EA, Maroto AF, Borrajo M, Palou A, Gut M, Esteve-Codina A, Barrallo-Gimeno A, Llorens J. Decreased expression of synaptic genes in the vestibular ganglion of rodents following subchronic ototoxic stress. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106134. [PMID: 37100209 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The vestibular ganglion contains primary sensory neurons that are postsynaptic to the transducing hair cells (HC) and project to the central nervous system. Understanding the response of these neurons to HC stress or loss is of great interest as their survival and functional competence will determine the functional outcome of any intervention aiming at repair or regeneration of the HCs. We have shown that subchronic exposure to the ototoxicant 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) in rats and mice causes a reversible detachment and synaptic uncoupling between the HCs and the ganglion neurons. Here, we used this paradigm to study the global changes in gene expression in vestibular ganglia using RNA-seq. Comparative gene ontology and pathway analyses of the data from both model species indicated a robust downregulation of terms related to synapses, including presynaptic and postsynaptic functions. Manual analyses of the most significantly downregulated transcripts identified genes with expressions related to neuronal activity, modulators of neuronal excitability, and transcription factors and receptors that promote neurite growth and differentiation. For choice selected genes, the mRNA expression results were replicated by qRT-PCR, validated spatially by RNA-scope, or were demonstrated to be associated with decreased expression of the corresponding protein. We conjectured that decreased synaptic input or trophic support on the ganglion neurons from the HC was triggering these expression changes. To support this hypothesis, we demonstrated decreased expression of BDNF mRNA in the vestibular epithelium after subchronic ototoxicity and also downregulated expression of similarly identified genes (e.g Etv5, Camk1g, Slc17a6, Nptx2, Spp1) after HC ablation with another ototoxic compound, allylnitrile. We conclude that vestibular ganglion neurons respond to decreased input from HCs by decreasing the strength of all their synaptic contacts, both as postsynaptic and presynaptic players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Greguske
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Alberto F Maroto
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Mireia Borrajo
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Aïda Palou
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Marta Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Barrallo-Gimeno
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Jordi Llorens
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain.
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Paplou V, Schubert NMA, Pyott SJ. Age-Related Changes in the Cochlea and Vestibule: Shared Patterns and Processes. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:680856. [PMID: 34539328 PMCID: PMC8446668 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.680856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and age-related loss in vestibular function (ARVL) are prevalent conditions with deleterious consequences on the health and quality of life. Age-related changes in the inner ear are key contributors to both conditions. The auditory and vestibular systems rely on a shared sensory organ - the inner ear - and, like other sensory organs, the inner ear is susceptible to the effects of aging. Despite involvement of the same sensory structure, ARHL and ARVL are often considered separately. Insight essential for the development of improved diagnostics and treatments for both ARHL and ARVL can be gained by careful examination of their shared and unique pathophysiology in the auditory and vestibular end organs of the inner ear. To this end, this review begins by comparing the prevalence patterns of ARHL and ARVL. Next, the normal and age-related changes in the structure and function of the auditory and vestibular end organs are compared. Then, the contributions of various molecular mechanisms, notably inflammaging, oxidative stress, and genetic factors, are evaluated as possible common culprits that interrelate pathophysiology in the cochlea and vestibular end organs as part of ARHL and ARVL. A careful comparison of these changes reveals that the patterns of pathophysiology show similarities but also differences both between the cochlea and vestibular end organs and among the vestibular end organs. Future progress will depend on the development and application of new research strategies and the integrated investigation of ARHL and ARVL using both clinical and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Paplou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nick M A Schubert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sonja J Pyott
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Reijntjes DOJ, Breitzler JL, Persic D, Pyott SJ. Preparation of the intact rodent organ of Corti for RNAscope and immunolabeling, confocal microscopy, and quantitative analysis. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100544. [PMID: 34195667 PMCID: PMC8233256 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes the preparation of the mouse organ of Corti for RNAscope, immunolabeling, confocal microscopy, and quantitative image analysis to examine transcript and protein localization, sensory hair cells, and synapses. This protocol can be applied to mice and other rodents (juvenile and adult) and can be adapted for other techniques, including electrophysiology and RNA sequencing. This protocol features minimal tissue processing to preserve viability for downstream assays, while isolating the organ of Corti is the most challenging step. For additional details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to McLean et al. (2009); Schuth et al. (2014); Lingle et al. (2019); Pyott et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O J Reijntjes
- The Center for Hearing and Balance, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 21201, USA
| | - J Lukas Breitzler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dora Persic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja J Pyott
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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