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Yang H, Niu S, Guo M, Xue Y. Applications of 3D organoids in toxicological studies: a comprehensive analysis based on bibliometrics and advances in toxicological mechanisms. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2309-2330. [PMID: 38806717 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A mechanism exploration is an important part of toxicological studies. However, traditional cell and animal models can no longer meet the current needs for in-depth studies of toxicological mechanisms. The three-dimensional (3D) organoid derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) or induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) is an ideal experimental model for the study of toxicological effects and mechanisms, which further recapitulates the human tissue microenvironment and provides a reliable method for studying complex cell-cell interactions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the 3D organoid technology in toxicological studies, including a bibliometric analysis of the existing literature and an exploration of the latest advances in toxicological mechanisms. The use of 3D organoids in toxicology research is growing rapidly, with applications in disease modeling, organ-on-chips, and drug toxicity screening being emphasized, but academic communications among countries/regions, institutions, and research scholars need to be further strengthened. Attempts to study the toxicological mechanisms of exogenous chemicals such as heavy metals, nanoparticles, drugs and organic pollutants are also increasing. It can be expected that 3D organoids can be better applied to the safety evaluation of exogenous chemicals by establishing a standardized methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shuyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Menghao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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2
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Heindryckx F, Sjöblom M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced mucositis: Physiological mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14188. [PMID: 38874396 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a common and effective treatment for cancer, but these drugs are also associated with significant side effects affecting patients' well-being. One such debilitating side effect is mucositis, characterized by inflammation, ulcerations, and altered physiological functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract's mucosal lining. Understanding the mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis (CIM) is crucial for developing effective preventive measures and supportive care. Chemotherapeutics not only target cancer cells but also rapidly dividing cells in the GI tract. These drugs disrupt endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, leading to ER-stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in various intestinal epithelial cell types. The UPR triggers signaling pathways that exacerbate tissue inflammation and damage, influence the differentiation and fate of intestinal epithelial cells, and compromise the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. These factors contribute significantly to mucositis development and progression. In this review, we aim to give an in-depth overview of the role of ER-stress in mucositis and its impact on GI function. This will provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms and highlighting potential therapeutic interventions that could improve treatment-outcomes and the quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Heindryckx
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Sjöblom
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Wang Z, Liu Z, Cui L, Sun J, Bu C, Tang M, Li M, Gao S, Chen W, Tao X. Disturbance of bile acids profile aggravates the diarrhea induced by capecitabine through inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00303-5. [PMID: 39048073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diarrhea is the primary dose-limiting side effect of capecitabine(Cap) hindering its clinical application, but the mechanism is unclear. Clarifying this mechanism may enhance the patient compliance and improve the treatment outcome. OBJECTIVES To assess if the endogenous metabolic profile could prodict the diarrhea induced by Cap and explore and validate underlying mechanisms. METHODS Untargeted and targeted bile acids(BAs) metabolomics were performed to analyzed the metabolic profile of baseline samples from colorectal cancer(CRC) patients and the association with the diarrhea induced by Cap was assessed. The toxicity of BAs and Cap and its metabolites alone or their combinations to the human normal intestinal epithelial cell(HIEC) was assessed, and the key genes that mediated the BAs-enhanced toxicity of Cap were discovered by RNA-seq and then validated. A mouse model with high exposure levels of BAs was constructed and then treated with Cap to verify the Cap-induced diarrhea enhanced by BAs. RESULTS The baseline endogenous metabolic profile showed obviously difference between diarrhea and non-diarrhea CRC patients, and the differential metabolites mainly enriched in BAs metabolism; the deoxycholic acid(DCA) and lithocholic acid(LCA) were selected to be the key BAs that enhanced the toxicity of Cap metabolite 5-FU to the HIEC cell; the DCA and LCA could inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which then suppressed the P-glycoprotein and increased the exposure level of 5-FU in the HIEC cell. The results of animal experiment verified that the excessive DCA and LCA could aggravate the Cap-induced diarrhea through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin-P-glycoprotein pathway. CONCLUSIONS The disordered BAs metabolic profile showed close relationship with diarrhea induced by Cap, and excessive DCA and LCA were proved to be the key BAs, which could aggravate the Cap-induced diarrhea through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin-P-glycoprotein pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China; Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Chen Bu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Mao Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Mingming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China; Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
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Szymczuk D, Markiewicz KH, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Sadowska A, Wołosewicz J, Car H, Wilczewska AZ. Magnetic particles with polymeric shells bearing lithocholic and folic acid moieties: Nano-warriors to fight colon cancer. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124503. [PMID: 39043284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
In the study, we aimed to investigate the activity of nanoformulations containing 5-fluorouracil and polymer-magnetic hybrids bearing membrane-penetrating and ligand-receptor-recognizing agents against colorectal cancer cells. The formation and characterization of iron oxide particles covered with polymeric shells comprising lithocholic acid and folic acid moieties are presented. The efficiency of nanoformulations combined by the simple mixing of low doses of 5-fluorouracil with the obtained hybrids was demonstrated against DLD-1 and HT-29 colon cancer cells. The most pronounced cytotoxic potential against HT-29 cells was observed in the cases of particles based on block and randomly arranged copolymers functionalized by FA motifs with depletion of viable cells by approximately 50 % compared to control cells and cells treated by 5-FU applied in free form. In the case of the DLD-1 cell line, the percentage of viable DLD-1 cells decreased by about 30 to 40% after treatment with the block and randomly arranged copolymer decorated by FA-moiety, when compared to 5-FU at the free form and the untreated control. The induction of apoptosis associated with PS-translocation was determined to be the main mechanism of their cytotoxic effects. Moreover, the safety profiles of the nanoformulations were established through hemolysis assay and the analysis of the viability of human colorectal fibroblasts. It was indicated that all tested nanoparticles met the compatibility requirements at the in vitro level. It should be emphasized that in many cases, there was a significant improvement in the compatibility of hybrids with the FA motif compared to non-functionalized hybrids with the addition of 5-FU. These findings suggest that the presence of FA might modulate the toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Szymczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karolina H Markiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Wołosewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Z Wilczewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
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Mentese A, Demir S, Yulug E, Kucuk H, Alemdar NT, Demir EA, Aliyazicioglu Y. Gentisic acid attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced ovotoxicity in rats via modulating Nrf2 signalling: An experimental approach. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 128:108661. [PMID: 38986848 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the third most used chemotherapeutic in the world with its anticancer effect resulting from its potential to block DNA replication. Like other cytotoxic agents, 5-FU has side effects on healthy tissues, and the reproductive system is among the tissues most affected by these undesirable effects. Gentisic acid (GEA) is a secondary metabolite that is abundant in fruits, vegetables and spices and has antioxidant activity. This study was conducted to investigate the toxicity of 5-FU in rat ovarian tissue and to determine the therapeutic activity of GEA on ovotoxicity caused by 5-FU. The results showed that 5-FU caused histopathological findings by suppressing Nrf2 pathway and accordingly increasing oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. However, GEA treatments after 5-FU application ameliorated 5-FU-induced ovotoxicity dose-dependently through activation of Nrf2 pathway. All these findings provided strong evidence supporting the hypothesis that GEA treatment may have therapeutic effects against 5-FU-induced ovarian damage. However, the beneficial effect of GEA use in eliminating ovarian damage in women after 5-FU chemotherapy should continue to be investigated with more detailed molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Mentese
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkiye
| | - Selim Demir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkiye.
| | - Esin Yulug
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Hatice Kucuk
- Department of Pathology, Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon 61250, Turkiye
| | - Nihal Turkmen Alemdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkiye; Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Turkiye
| | - Elif Ayazoglu Demir
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Macka Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61750, Turkiye
| | - Yuksel Aliyazicioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
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Ivantsova E, Henry EE, Konig I, English CD, Souders CL, Point AD, Simmons DBD, Martyniuk CJ. Waterborne exposure to the antineoplastic 5-fluorouracil alters lipid composition in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172377. [PMID: 38604366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Antineoplastic medications are present in aquatic environments and are measured at relatively high concentrations in hospital sewage effluent. Thus, it is important to characterize risk associated with waterborne exposures to anticancer drugs. The drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is used to treat several types of cancers, acting to inhibit cell division and cellular metabolism. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of 5-FU on developmental endpoints and lipid composition in zebrafish. 5-FU did not negatively affect development nor survival in developing zebrafish at concentrations up to 1000 μg/L. However, 5-FU increased neutral lipid content in zebrafish larvae, indicating potential for lipid dysregulation. To further discern effects on lipids, lipidomics was conducted and a total of 164 lipids belonging to 14 lipid classes were identified. Significant changes (false discovery rate < 0.05) in abundance were detected for 19 lipids including some ceramides, ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamines, and sphingomyelins among others. We also measured the expression levels of 14 lipid-related enzymes and transporters (e.g., acox3, dgat1, fads2, fasn, elovl2) using real-time PCR; however, mRNA abundance levels were not affected, suggesting transcriptional changes may not be a primary mechanism underlying lipid dysregulation. Locomotor activity was measured in zebrafish as lipids are needed for swimming activity in larvae. Exposure to 5-FU did not affect locomotor activity up to 1000 μg/L. We conclude that lipids accumulate in larval zebrafish with exposure to 5-FU, which can subsequently affect lipid composition. These data reveal potential lipid signatures of 5-FU exposure and contribute to risk assessments for antineoplastic exposure in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ivantsova
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Evelyn E Henry
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Isaac Konig
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cole D English
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Adam D Point
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St. North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Denina B D Simmons
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St. North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, USA.
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Madorran E, Kocbek Šaherl L, Rakuša M, Takač I, Munda M. Finding a Direct Method for a Dynamic Process: The DD (Direct and Dynamic) Cell-Tox Method. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5133. [PMID: 38791172 PMCID: PMC11120653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The main focus of in vitro toxicity assessment methods is to assess the viability of the cells, which is usually based on metabolism changes. Yet, when exposed to toxic substances, the cell triggers multiple signals in response. With this in mind, we have developed a promising cell-based toxicity method that observes various cell responses when exposed to toxic substances (either death, division, or remain viable). Based on the collective cell response, we observed and predicted the dynamics of the cell population to determine the toxicity of the toxicant. The method was tested with two different conformations: In the first conformation, we exposed a monoculture model of blood macrophages to UV light, hydrogen peroxide, nutrient deprivation, tetrabromobisphenol A, fatty acids, and 5-fluorouracil. In the second, we exposed a coculture liver model consisting of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells to rifampicin, ibuprofen, and 5-fluorouracil. The method showed good accuracy compared to established toxicity assessment methods. In addition, this approach provided more representative information on the toxic effects of the compounds, as it considers the different cellular responses induced by toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneko Madorran
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (L.K.Š.); (M.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Lidija Kocbek Šaherl
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (L.K.Š.); (M.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Mateja Rakuša
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (L.K.Š.); (M.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Iztok Takač
- Division for Gynecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Miha Munda
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (L.K.Š.); (M.R.); (M.M.)
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8
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Wang W, Dong L, Lv H, An Y, Zhang C, Zheng Z, Guo Y, He L, Wang L, Wang J, Shi X, Li N, Zheng M. Downregulating miRNA-199a-5p exacerbates fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity by activating the ATF6 signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5916-5928. [PMID: 38536006 PMCID: PMC11042954 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorouracil (5-FU) might produce serious cardiac toxic reactions. miRNA-199a-5p is a miRNA primarily expressed in myocardial cells and has a protective effect on vascular endothelium. Under hypoxia stress, the expression level of miRNA-199a-5p was significantly downregulated and is closely related to cardiovascular events such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, and hypertension. We explored whether 5-FU activates the endoplasmic reticulum stress ATF6 pathway by regulating the expression of miRNA-199a-5p in cardiac toxicity. METHODS This project established a model of primary cardiomyocytes derived from neonatal rats and treated them with 5-FU in vitro. The expression of miRNA-199a-5p and its regulation were explored in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS 5-FU decreases the expression of miRNA-199a-5p in cardiomyocytes, activates the endoplasmic reticulum stress ATF6 pathway, and increases the expression of GRP78 and ATF6, affecting the function of cardiomyocytes, and induces cardiac toxicity. The rescue assay further confirmed that miRNA-199a-5p supplementation can reduce the cardiotoxicity caused by 5-FU, and its protective effect on cardiomyocytes depends on the downregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum ATF6 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS 5-FU can down-regulate expression of miRNA-199a-5p, then activate the endoplasmic reticulum stress ATF6 pathway, increase the expression of GRP78 and ATF6, affect the function of cardiomyocytes, and induce cardiac toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Yuhua, Shijiazhuang 050031 Hebei, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Yuhua, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Hengxu Lv
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Yuhua, Shijiazhuang 050031 Hebei, China
| | - Yonghui An
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Yuhua, Shijiazhuang 050031 Hebei, China
| | - Changwang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Yuhua, Shijiazhuang 050031 Hebei, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Yuhua, Shijiazhuang 050031 Hebei, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Yuhua, Shijiazhuang 050031 Hebei, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Yuhua, Shijiazhuang 050031 Hebei, China
| | - Libin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Yuhua, Shijiazhuang 050031 Hebei, China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Yuhua, Shijiazhuang 050031 Hebei, China
| | - Xinlei Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Yuhua, Shijiazhuang 050031 Hebei, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Yuhua, Shijiazhuang 050031 Hebei, China
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Yuhua, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
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Cartwright BM, Corso JN, Lightner J, Whitted C, Torrenegra RD, Krishnan K, Palau VE. Achyrocline B (3,5 dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone) synergizes with 5-fluorouracil allowing for dose reduction and reduced off-target toxicity in the treatment of colonic and pancreatic cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115546. [PMID: 37741250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgically unresectable colorectal and pancreatic carcinomas have a high rate of mortality as current therapeutic options are limited. One common chemotherapeutic used to broadly treat both cancers is 5-flurouracil (5-Fu); however, treatment serves only to slow progression of the disease and comes with many side effects due to 5-Fu's intrinsic toxicity. Thus, strategies to decrease the dose of 5-Fu utilized therapeutically as well as reduce 5-Fu's off-target toxicity are paramount. Using cell models of colorectal and pancreatic cancers, we show that cotreatment with Achyrocline B (3,5 dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone, AcB), a natural flavone from Achyrocline bogotensis, allows for four-fold reduction in 5-Fu dosage without loss of efficacy. We further show that the action of AcB is due to continued cell cycle progression despite 5-Fu pressure to synchronize at the G1/S threshold. In addition to AcB's effect on cancer cells, we found that AcB can directly reduce toxicity of 5-Fu in cells mimicking non-cancerous tissues. These in vitro results are then supported by xenograft modeling. AcB was shown to increase apoptosis in tumors leading to degeneration of the outer tumoral boundary. Furthermore, in 5-Fu treated animals it was found that AcB provided protection to the intestinal tract as indicated by preserved histological and immunohistochemical features. These results show promise for a new adjuvant therapy for colorectal and pancreatic carcinomas that not only reduces tumor progression, but more importantly has the potential to improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Cartwright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States; Department of Pathology, ETSU Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States
| | - Jaclyn N Corso
- Department of Internal Medicine, ETSU Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States
| | - Janet Lightner
- Department of Internal Medicine, ETSU Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States
| | - Crystal Whitted
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States
| | - Ruben D Torrenegra
- Productos Naturales, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Koyamangalath Krishnan
- Department of Internal Medicine, ETSU Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States
| | - Victoria E Palau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States; Productos Naturales, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogota, Colombia.
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10
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Gall L, Jardi F, Lammens L, Piñero J, Souza TM, Rodrigues D, Jennen DGJ, de Kok TM, Coyle L, Chung S, Ferreira S, Jo H, Beattie KA, Kelly C, Duckworth CA, Pritchard DM, Pin C. A dynamic model of the intestinal epithelium integrates multiple sources of preclinical data and enables clinical translation of drug-induced toxicity. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2023; 12:1511-1528. [PMID: 37621010 PMCID: PMC10583244 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have built a quantitative systems toxicology modeling framework focused on the early prediction of oncotherapeutic-induced clinical intestinal adverse effects. The model describes stem and progenitor cell dynamics in the small intestinal epithelium and integrates heterogeneous epithelial-related processes, such as transcriptional profiles, citrulline kinetics, and probability of diarrhea. We fitted a mouse-specific version of the model to quantify doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced toxicity, which included pharmacokinetics and 5-FU metabolism and assumed that both drugs led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in stem cells and proliferative progenitors. The model successfully recapitulated observations in mice regarding dose-dependent disruption of proliferation which could lead to villus shortening, decrease of circulating citrulline, increased diarrhea risk, and transcriptional induction of the p53 pathway. Using a human-specific epithelial model, we translated the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin and 5-FU quantified in mice into human intestinal injury and predicted with accuracy clinical diarrhea incidence. However, for gefitinib, a specific-molecularly targeted therapy, the mice failed to reproduce epithelial toxicity at exposures much higher than those associated with clinical diarrhea. This indicates that, regardless of the translational modeling approach, preclinical experimental settings have to be suitable to quantify drug-induced clinical toxicity with precision at the structural scale of the model. Our work demonstrates the usefulness of translational models at early stages of the drug development pipeline to predict clinical toxicity and highlights the importance of understanding cross-settings differences in toxicity when building these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gall
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeUK
| | - Ferran Jardi
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational SafetyJanssen Pharmaceutica NVBeerseBelgium
| | - Lieve Lammens
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational SafetyJanssen Pharmaceutica NVBeerseBelgium
| | - Janet Piñero
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)UPFBarcelonaSpain
| | - Terezinha M. Souza
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Daniela Rodrigues
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Danyel G. J. Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Luke Coyle
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbHRidgefieldConnecticutUSA
| | | | | | - Heeseung Jo
- Simcyp DivisionCertara UK LimitedSheffieldUK
| | - Kylie A. Beattie
- Target and Systems Safety, Non‐Clinical Safety, In Vivo/In Vitro TranslationGSKStevenageUK
| | - Colette Kelly
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Carrie A. Duckworth
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - D. Mark Pritchard
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Carmen Pin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeUK
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11
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Madani F, Kazemi S, Shirafkan F, Lotfi M, Hosseini SM, Moghadamnia AA. Thymoquinone protects against 5-Fluorouracil-induced mucositis by NF-κβ and HIF-1 mechanisms in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23405. [PMID: 37338137 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Mucositis is among the most common side effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and other cancer therapeutic drugs. Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive constituent extracted from Nigella sativa, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can modify acute gastrointestinal injury. To investigate the effects of TQ on mucositis induced by 5-FU, studied animals were divided into four groups: control, 5-FU unit dose (300 mg/kg) to cause oral and intestinal mucositis (OM and IM), TQ (2.5 mg/kg) and TQ (2.5 mg/kg) plus 5-FU. Due to The molecular mechanisms, it was confirmed that the expression of NF-κβ and HIF-1 increases in OM. The serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as pathological parameters, were assessed. Based on our results, the nuclear factor-kappa β gene expression in the tongue was downregulated significantly in the 5-FU + TQ compared to the 5-FU. TQ treatment can diminish MDA, and a reduction in oxidative stress was shown. TQ could also reduce the severity of tissue destruction and damaging effects induced by 5-FU on the tongue and intestine. We also observed lower villus length and width in the intestine of the 5-FU group compared to the control group. According to our research's pathological, biochemical, and molecular results, treatment with TQ as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound may be the potential to improve and treat 5-FU-induced OM and IM, and TQ could be used against cancer treatment drugs and exhibit fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Madani
- Student Research Committee, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shirafkan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mandana Lotfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed M Hosseini
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Babol-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali A Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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12
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Hu Q, Xu J, Ke J, Zhang Z, Chu T. S-1 and 5-Fluorouracil-related adverse events in patients with advanced gastric cancer: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290003. [PMID: 37566608 PMCID: PMC10420378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess S-1 and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-related adverse events in patients with advanced gastric cancer and provide focused health care approaches to improve patient compliance and quality of survival. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library, EMbase, SinoMed, Wan Fang Data, CNKI, and VIP databases were searched, and relevant literature was screened from the database construction date through March 31, 2023. Review Manager 5.4.1 and Stata 12.0 were used to analyze the data and GRADEpro was used to assess the quality of the literature. Relative risk ratio (RR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were employed as markers to compare adverse events due to S-1 vs 5-FU. RESULTS Eight randomized controlled trials (RCT) were included, which contained 3,455 patients. The S-1 group had 1,804 patients, and the 5-FU group had 1,651 patients. There were 17 recorded adverse events in total. Stomatitis, hypokalemia, mucosal inflammation, and hypophosphatemia were more common in the 5-FU group than in the S-1 group (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between S-1 and 5-FU for other adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Although both S-1 and 5-FU cause a variety of side effects, 5-FU resulted in a higher incidence of stomatitis, hypokalemia, mucosal inflammation, and hypophosphatemia than S-1. Medical professionals should closely monitor the occurrence of adverse drug events and provide timely, rational guidance and nursing care to improve patient compliance and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Hu
- Nursing School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Nursing School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingshu Ke
- Nursing School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziye Zhang
- Nursing School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Chu
- Nursing School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Tambe PK, Qsee HS, Bharati S. Mito-TEMPO mitigates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal injury via attenuating mitochondrial oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis: an in vivo study. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01261-6. [PMID: 37338659 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidences highlight role of mitochondria in the development of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal toxicity. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants are well-known for their protective effects in mitochondrial oxidative stress- mediated diseases. In the present study, we investigated protective effect of Mito-TEMPO in 5-FU-induced intestinal toxicity. METHODS Mito-TEMPO (0.1 mg/kg b.w.) was administered intraperitoneally to male BALB/c mice for 7 days, followed by co-administration of 5-FU for next 4 days (intraperitoneal 12 mg/kg b.w.). Protective effect of Mito-TEMPO on intestinal toxicity was assessed in terms of histopathological alterations, modulation in inflammatory markers, apoptotic cell death, expression of 8-OhDG, mitochondrial functional status and oxidative stress. RESULTS 5-FU administered animals showed altered intestinal histoarchitecture wherein a shortening and atrophy of the villi was observed. The crypts were disorganized and inflammatory cell infiltration was noted. Mito-TEMPO pre-protected animals demonstrated improved histoarchitecture with normalization of villus height, better organized crypts and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. The inflammatory markers and myeloperoxidase activity were normalized in mito-TEMPO protected group. A significant reduction in intestinal apoptotic cell death and expression of 8-OhDG was also observed in mito-TEMPO group as compared to 5-FU group. Further, mtROS, mtLPO and mitochondrial antioxidant defense status were improved by mito-TEMPO. CONCLUSION Mito-TEMPO exerted significant protective effect against 5-FU-induced intestinal toxicity. Therefore, it may be used as an adjuvant in 5-FU chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Kisan Tambe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - H S Qsee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Bharati
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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14
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Wu J, Deng F, Tang X, Chen W, Zhou R, Zhao T, Mao X, Shu F. Long-term effect of PBDE-99 prenatal exposure on spermatogenic injuries via the dysregulation of autophagy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131234. [PMID: 36963198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been reported that perinatal, especially prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) alters offspring's fertility, but little is known regarding their longitudinal effects over time. In the current study, we determined the associations between prenatal exposure to 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-99) of environmentally relevant levels in pregnant ICR mice and spermatogenic impairments in male offspring on postnatal day 70. Then, we monitored functional injuries in spermatogenic cells (GC-1 spg) exposed to PBDE-99 in vitro. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were used to investigate the underlying mechanism of PBDE-99 exposure to GC-1 spg. Additionally, the expression levels of key genes in the relevant pathways were quantified. Our findings indicated that exposure to PBDE-99 caused significantly spermatogenic injuries, which partly owing to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, dysregulation of autophagy, and finally induced spermatogenic cell apoptosis. Rescue validation experiments showed that stimulating autophagy could alleviate spermatogenic cell injury induced by PBDE-99. In conclusion, our findings indicated that the dysfunction of autophagy played a significant role in long-term reproductive toxicity following prenatal exposure to environmental concentrations of PBDE-99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Fuming Deng
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangliang Tang
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianxin Zhao
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiangming Mao
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Fangpeng Shu
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Mouse organoids as an in vitro tool to study the in vivo intestinal response to cytotoxicants. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:235-254. [PMID: 36203040 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cross-species comparison of drug responses at the organoid level could help to determine the human relevance of findings from animal studies. To this end, we first need to evaluate the in vitro to in vivo translatability of preclinical organoids. Here, we used 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as an exemplar drug to test whether the in vivo gut response to this cytotoxicant was preserved in murine intestinal organoids. Mice treated with 5-FU at 20 or 50 mg/kg IV (low and high dose, respectively) displayed diarrhea at clinically relevant exposures. 5-FU also induced intestinal lesions, increased epithelial apoptosis, and decreased proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. To enable comparison between the in vitro and in vivo response, top nominal in vitro drug concentrations that caused significant cytotoxicity were chosen (dose range 1-1000 µM). The inferred intracellular concentration in organoids at 1000 µM was within the tissue exposure range related to intestinal toxicity in vivo. 5-FU at ≥ 100 µM decreased ATP levels and increased Caspase-3 activity in intestinal organoids. In keeping with the in vivo findings, 5-FU increased the percentage of Caspase-3-positive cells and reduced Ki67 staining. At the transcriptome level, there was an overlap in the activity of pathways related to 5-FU's mode of action, lipid and cholesterol metabolism and integrin signaling across in vivo gut and organoids. The predicted activity state of upstream regulators was generally well preserved between setups. Collectively, our results suggest that despite their inherent limitations, organoids represent an adequate tool to explore the intestinal response to cytotoxicants.
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16
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Rodrigues D, van Kampen R, van Bodegraven AA, Kleinjans JCS, Jennen DGJ, de Kok TM. Gene expression responses reflecting 5-FU-induced toxicity: Comparison between patient colon tissue and 3D human colon organoids. Toxicol Lett 2022; 371:17-24. [PMID: 36183961 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Capecitabine is a chemotherapeutic drug that is widely used as a monotherapy option in advanced cancer patients. After administration, it is converted into its active metabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a cytotoxic compound that may also induce adverse side effects in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although these side effects can interfere with the continuation of the chemotherapy, diagnostic tools to detect early onset and prevention strategies are not available. In this explorative case study, we aim to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of toxicity induced by 5-FU in healthy colon tissue of breast cancer patients receiving capecitabine. Gene expression responses observed in patients were compared with those established in an in vitro model of healthy colon organoids. Colon biopsies from two patients with advanced breast cancer were collected before and after the treatment with capecitabine and used for RNA sequencing to determine transcriptomic responses. Differential expression analysis resulted in 31 affected genes, showing that the most affected pathways were transport of small molecules, cellular responses to stress, folate metabolism, NF-kB signalling pathway and immune system responses. The most biologically relevant genes were haemoglobin subunits encoding genes, involved in several processes; ATP12A, SLC26A3 and AQP8, involved in the transport of ions and water; TRIM31, a regulator of NF-kB signalling pathway; MST1P2 and MST1L, stimulators of macrophages. Comparison of human in vitro and in vivo responses showed that the gene expression of TRIM31 was similarly altered in the colon organoids exposed to 5-FU. Therefore, this gene constitutes a potential biomarker of colon toxicity that might be used in future in vitro drug safety design and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Roel van Kampen
- Zuyderland Medical Centre, Department of Oncology, Geleen-Sittard, the Netherlands
| | - Ad A van Bodegraven
- Zuyderland Medical Centre, Department of Gastroenterology, Geleen-Sittard, the Netherlands
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Danyel G J Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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17
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Abdul L, Xu J, Sotra A, Chaudary A, Gao J, Rajasekar S, Anvari N, Mahyar H, Zhang B. D-CryptO: deep learning-based analysis of colon organoid morphology from brightfield images. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4118-4128. [PMID: 36200406 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00596d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-derived organoids are a promising tool to model native human tissues as they resemble human organs functionally and structurally compared to traditional monolayer cell-based assays. For instance, colon organoids can spontaneously develop crypt-like structures similar to those found in the native colon. While analyzing the structural development of organoids can be a valuable readout, using traditional image analysis tools makes it challenging because of the heterogeneities and the abstract nature of organoid morphologies. To address this limitation, we developed and validated a deep learning-based image analysis tool, named D-CryptO, for the classification of organoid morphology. D-CryptO can automatically assess the crypt formation and opacity of colorectal organoids from brightfield images to determine the extent of organoid structural maturity. To validate this tool, changes in organoid morphology were analyzed during organoid passaging and short-term forskolin stimulation. To further demonstrate the potential of D-CryptO for drug testing, organoid structures were analyzed following treatments with a panel of chemotherapeutic drugs. With D-CryptO, subtle variations in how colon organoids responded to the different chemotherapeutic drugs were detected, which suggest potentially distinct mechanisms of action. This tool could be expanded to other organoid types, like intestinal organoids, to facilitate 3D tissue morphological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyan Abdul
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Jocelyn Xu
- Faculty of Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alexander Sotra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Abbas Chaudary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jerry Gao
- Faculty of Science, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Shravanthi Rajasekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Nicky Anvari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Hamidreza Mahyar
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
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18
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Rodrigues D, Herpers B, Ferreira S, Jo H, Fisher C, Coyle L, Chung SW, Kleinjans JCS, Jennen DGJ, de Kok TM. A Transcriptomic Approach to Elucidate the Mechanisms of Gefitinib-Induced Toxicity in Healthy Human Intestinal Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042213. [PMID: 35216325 PMCID: PMC8876167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that selectively inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), hampering cell growth and proliferation. Due to its action, gefitinib has been used in the treatment of cancers that present abnormally increased expression of EGFR. However, side effects from gefitinib therapy may occur, among which diarrhoea is most common, that can lead to interruption of the planned therapy in the more severe cases. The mechanisms underlying intestinal toxicity induced by gefitinib are not well understood. Therefore, this study aims at providing insight into these mechanisms based on transcriptomic responses induced in vitro. A 3D culture of healthy human colon and small intestine (SI) organoids was exposed to 0.1, 1, 10 and 30 µM of gefitinib, for a maximum of three days. These drug concentrations were selected using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic simulation considering patient dosing regimens. Samples were used for the analysis of viability and caspase 3/7 activation, image-based analysis of structural changes, as well as RNA isolation and sequencing via high-throughput techniques. Differential gene expression analysis showed that gefitinib perturbed signal transduction pathways, apoptosis, cell cycle, FOXO-mediated transcription, p53 signalling pathway, and metabolic pathways. Remarkably, opposite expression patterns of genes associated with metabolism of lipids and cholesterol biosynthesis were observed in colon versus SI organoids in response to gefitinib. These differences in the organoids’ responses could be linked to increased activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in colon, which can influence the sensitivity of the colon to the drug. Therefore, this study sheds light on how gefitinib induces toxicity in intestinal organoids and provides an avenue towards the development of a potential tool for drug screening and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.G.J.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bram Herpers
- Crown Bioscience Netherlands B.V., J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- Simcyp Division, Certara UK Limited, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK; (S.F.); (H.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Heeseung Jo
- Simcyp Division, Certara UK Limited, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK; (S.F.); (H.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Ciarán Fisher
- Simcyp Division, Certara UK Limited, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK; (S.F.); (H.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Luke Coyle
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (L.C.); (S.-W.C.)
| | - Seung-Wook Chung
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (L.C.); (S.-W.C.)
| | - Jos C. S. Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.G.J.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Danyel G. J. Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.G.J.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.G.J.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
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19
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Zhao T, Tang X, Li D, Zhao J, Zhou R, Shu F, Jia W, Fu W, Xia H, Liu G. Prenatal exposure to environmentally relevant levels of PBDE-99 leads to testicular dysgenesis with steroidogenesis disorders. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127547. [PMID: 34879533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a widely used class of brominated flame retardants. Exposure to PBDEs could induce testicular damage in mammals, but the effects and potential mechanism of action of prenatal exposure to environmentally relevant PBDEs on testicular development remain unclear. For the in vivo study, pregnant ICR mice were exposed to environmentally relevant levels of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-99), a major component of commercial PBDE mixtures. We found that the anogenital index and testicular organ coefficient were significantly decreased, the incidence of cryptorchidism was increased, and testicular histology was disturbed in male offspring. Transcriptomic profiling showed that steroidogenesis disorders were significant in all PBDE-99 exposure groups. The testosterone levels, expressions of testosterone regulators, and the number of CYP11A1-positive and 11β-HSD1-positive Leydig cells were significantly decreased after PBDE-99 exposure. For the in vitro study, TM3 Leydig cells were exposed to PBDE-99 at gradient concentrations. Transcriptomic profiling and validation experiments showed that PBDE-99 upregulated reactive oxygen species, activated the ERK1/2 pathway, inhibited the ubiquitination degradation pathway, and finally induced Leydig cell apoptosis. Cumulatively, these findings revealed that prenatal exposure to environmentally relevant levels of PBDE-99 leads to steroidogenesis disorders by inducing the apoptosis of Leydig cells, causing testicular dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangliang Tang
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dian Li
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinglu Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangpeng Shu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Fu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huimin Xia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guochang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Rodrigues D, Coyle L, Füzi B, Ferreira S, Jo H, Herpers B, Chung SW, Fisher C, Kleinjans JCS, Jennen D, de Kok TM. Unravelling Mechanisms of Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in 3D Human Intestinal Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031286. [PMID: 35163210 PMCID: PMC8836276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is widely used in the treatment of different cancers, and its side effects can be severe in many tissues, including the intestines. Symptoms such as diarrhoea and abdominal pain caused by intestinal inflammation lead to the interruption of chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms associated with doxorubicin intestinal toxicity have been poorly explored. This study aims to investigate such mechanisms by exposing 3D small intestine and colon organoids to doxorubicin and to evaluate transcriptomic responses in relation to viability and apoptosis as physiological endpoints. The in vitro concentrations and dosing regimens of doxorubicin were selected based on physiologically based pharmacokinetic model simulations of treatment regimens recommended for cancer patients. Cytotoxicity and cell morphology were evaluated as well as gene expression and biological pathways affected by doxorubicin. In both types of organoids, cell cycle, the p53 signalling pathway, and oxidative stress were the most affected pathways. However, significant differences between colon and SI organoids were evident, particularly in essential metabolic pathways. Short time-series expression miner was used to further explore temporal changes in gene profiles, which identified distinct tissue responses. Finally, in silico proteomics revealed important proteins involved in doxorubicin metabolism and cellular processes that were in line with the transcriptomic responses, including cell cycle and senescence, transport of molecules, and mitochondria impairment. This study provides new insight into doxorubicin-induced effects on the gene expression levels in the intestines. Currently, we are exploring the potential use of these data in establishing quantitative systems toxicology models for the prediction of drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luke Coyle
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (L.C.); (S.-W.C.)
| | - Barbara Füzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK; (S.F.); (H.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Heeseung Jo
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK; (S.F.); (H.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Bram Herpers
- Crown Bioscience Netherlands B.V., J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Seung-Wook Chung
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (L.C.); (S.-W.C.)
| | - Ciarán Fisher
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK; (S.F.); (H.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Jos C. S. Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Danyel Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
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